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  1. Mar 13, 2024
    • georgepisaltu's avatar
      Revert "FRAME: Create `TransactionExtension` as a replacement for... · bbd51ce8
      georgepisaltu authored
      
      Revert "FRAME: Create `TransactionExtension` as a replacement for `SignedExtension` (#2280)" (#3665)
      
      This PR reverts #2280 which introduced `TransactionExtension` to replace
      `SignedExtension`.
      
      As a result of the discussion
      [here](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/3623#issuecomment-1986789700),
      the changes will be reverted for now with plans to reintroduce the
      concept in the future.
      
      ---------
      
      Signed-off-by: default avatargeorgepisaltu <[email protected]>
      bbd51ce8
  2. Mar 04, 2024
    • Gavin Wood's avatar
      FRAME: Create `TransactionExtension` as a replacement for `SignedExtension` (#2280) · fd5f9292
      Gavin Wood authored
      
      
      Closes #2160
      
      First part of [Extrinsic
      Horizon](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/2415)
      
      Introduces a new trait `TransactionExtension` to replace
      `SignedExtension`. Introduce the idea of transactions which obey the
      runtime's extensions and have according Extension data (né Extra data)
      yet do not have hard-coded signatures.
      
      Deprecate the terminology of "Unsigned" when used for
      transactions/extrinsics owing to there now being "proper" unsigned
      transactions which obey the extension framework and "old-style" unsigned
      which do not. Instead we have __*General*__ for the former and
      __*Bare*__ for the latter. (Ultimately, the latter will be phased out as
      a type of transaction, and Bare will only be used for Inherents.)
      
      Types of extrinsic are now therefore:
      - Bare (no hardcoded signature, no Extra data; used to be known as
      "Unsigned")
      - Bare transactions (deprecated): Gossiped, validated with
      `ValidateUnsigned` (deprecated) and the `_bare_compat` bits of
      `TransactionExtension` (deprecated).
        - Inherents: Not gossiped, validated with `ProvideInherent`.
      - Extended (Extra data): Gossiped, validated via `TransactionExtension`.
        - Signed transactions (with a hardcoded signature).
        - General transactions (without a hardcoded signature).
      
      `TransactionExtension` differs from `SignedExtension` because:
      - A signature on the underlying transaction may validly not be present.
      - It may alter the origin during validation.
      - `pre_dispatch` is renamed to `prepare` and need not contain the checks
      present in `validate`.
      - `validate` and `prepare` is passed an `Origin` rather than a
      `AccountId`.
      - `validate` may pass arbitrary information into `prepare` via a new
      user-specifiable type `Val`.
      - `AdditionalSigned`/`additional_signed` is renamed to
      `Implicit`/`implicit`. It is encoded *for the entire transaction* and
      passed in to each extension as a new argument to `validate`. This
      facilitates the ability of extensions to acts as underlying crypto.
      
      There is a new `DispatchTransaction` trait which contains only default
      function impls and is impl'ed for any `TransactionExtension` impler. It
      provides several utility functions which reduce some of the tedium from
      using `TransactionExtension` (indeed, none of its regular functions
      should now need to be called directly).
      
      Three transaction version discriminator ("versions") are now
      permissible:
      - 0b000000100: Bare (used to be called "Unsigned"): contains Signature
      or Extra (extension data). After bare transactions are no longer
      supported, this will strictly identify an Inherents only.
      - 0b100000100: Old-school "Signed" Transaction: contains Signature and
      Extra (extension data).
      - 0b010000100: New-school "General" Transaction: contains Extra
      (extension data), but no Signature.
      
      For the New-school General Transaction, it becomes trivial for authors
      to publish extensions to the mechanism for authorizing an Origin, e.g.
      through new kinds of key-signing schemes, ZK proofs, pallet state,
      mutations over pre-authenticated origins or any combination of the
      above.
      
      ## Code Migration
      
      ### NOW: Getting it to build
      
      Wrap your `SignedExtension`s in `AsTransactionExtension`. This should be
      accompanied by renaming your aggregate type in line with the new
      terminology. E.g. Before:
      
      ```rust
      /// The SignedExtension to the basic transaction logic.
      pub type SignedExtra = (
      	/* snip */
      	MySpecialSignedExtension,
      );
      /// Unchecked extrinsic type as expected by this runtime.
      pub type UncheckedExtrinsic =
      	generic::UncheckedExtrinsic<Address, RuntimeCall, Signature, SignedExtra>;
      ```
      
      After:
      
      ```rust
      /// The extension to the basic transaction logic.
      pub type TxExtension = (
      	/* snip */
      	AsTransactionExtension<MySpecialSignedExtension>,
      );
      /// Unchecked extrinsic type as expected by this runtime.
      pub type UncheckedExtrinsic =
      	generic::UncheckedExtrinsic<Address, RuntimeCall, Signature, TxExtension>;
      ```
      
      You'll also need to alter any transaction building logic to add a
      `.into()` to make the conversion happen. E.g. Before:
      
      ```rust
      fn construct_extrinsic(
      		/* snip */
      ) -> UncheckedExtrinsic {
      	let extra: SignedExtra = (
      		/* snip */
      		MySpecialSignedExtension::new(/* snip */),
      	);
      	let payload = SignedPayload::new(call.clone(), extra.clone()).unwrap();
      	let signature = payload.using_encoded(|e| sender.sign(e));
      	UncheckedExtrinsic::new_signed(
      		/* snip */
      		Signature::Sr25519(signature),
      		extra,
      	)
      }
      ```
      
      After:
      
      ```rust
      fn construct_extrinsic(
      		/* snip */
      ) -> UncheckedExtrinsic {
      	let tx_ext: TxExtension = (
      		/* snip */
      		MySpecialSignedExtension::new(/* snip */).into(),
      	);
      	let payload = SignedPayload::new(call.clone(), tx_ext.clone()).unwrap();
      	let signature = payload.using_encoded(|e| sender.sign(e));
      	UncheckedExtrinsic::new_signed(
      		/* snip */
      		Signature::Sr25519(signature),
      		tx_ext,
      	)
      }
      ```
      
      ### SOON: Migrating to `TransactionExtension`
      
      Most `SignedExtension`s can be trivially converted to become a
      `TransactionExtension`. There are a few things to know.
      
      - Instead of a single trait like `SignedExtension`, you should now
      implement two traits individually: `TransactionExtensionBase` and
      `TransactionExtension`.
      - Weights are now a thing and must be provided via the new function `fn
      weight`.
      
      #### `TransactionExtensionBase`
      
      This trait takes care of anything which is not dependent on types
      specific to your runtime, most notably `Call`.
      
      - `AdditionalSigned`/`additional_signed` is renamed to
      `Implicit`/`implicit`.
      - Weight must be returned by implementing the `weight` function. If your
      extension is associated with a pallet, you'll probably want to do this
      via the pallet's existing benchmarking infrastructure.
      
      #### `TransactionExtension`
      
      Generally:
      - `pre_dispatch` is now `prepare` and you *should not reexecute the
      `validate` functionality in there*!
      - You don't get an account ID any more; you get an origin instead. If
      you need to presume an account ID, then you can use the trait function
      `AsSystemOriginSigner::as_system_origin_signer`.
      - You get an additional ticket, similar to `Pre`, called `Val`. This
      defines data which is passed from `validate` into `prepare`. This is
      important since you should not be duplicating logic from `validate` to
      `prepare`, you need a way of passing your working from the former into
      the latter. This is it.
      - This trait takes two type parameters: `Call` and `Context`. `Call` is
      the runtime call type which used to be an associated type; you can just
      move it to become a type parameter for your trait impl. `Context` is not
      currently used and you can safely implement over it as an unbounded
      type.
      - There's no `AccountId` associated type any more. Just remove it.
      
      Regarding `validate`:
      - You get three new parameters in `validate`; all can be ignored when
      migrating from `SignedExtension`.
      - `validate` returns a tuple on success; the second item in the tuple is
      the new ticket type `Self::Val` which gets passed in to `prepare`. If
      you use any information extracted during `validate` (off-chain and
      on-chain, non-mutating) in `prepare` (on-chain, mutating) then you can
      pass it through with this. For the tuple's last item, just return the
      `origin` argument.
      
      Regarding `prepare`:
      - This is renamed from `pre_dispatch`, but there is one change:
      - FUNCTIONALITY TO VALIDATE THE TRANSACTION NEED NOT BE DUPLICATED FROM
      `validate`!!
      - (This is different to `SignedExtension` which was required to run the
      same checks in `pre_dispatch` as in `validate`.)
      
      Regarding `post_dispatch`:
      - Since there are no unsigned transactions handled by
      `TransactionExtension`, `Pre` is always defined, so the first parameter
      is `Self::Pre` rather than `Option<Self::Pre>`.
      
      If you make use of `SignedExtension::validate_unsigned` or
      `SignedExtension::pre_dispatch_unsigned`, then:
      - Just use the regular versions of these functions instead.
      - Have your logic execute in the case that the `origin` is `None`.
      - Ensure your transaction creation logic creates a General Transaction
      rather than a Bare Transaction; this means having to include all
      `TransactionExtension`s' data.
      - `ValidateUnsigned` can still be used (for now) if you need to be able
      to construct transactions which contain none of the extension data,
      however these will be phased out in stage 2 of the Transactions Horizon,
      so you should consider moving to an extension-centric design.
      
      ## TODO
      
      - [x] Introduce `CheckSignature` impl of `TransactionExtension` to
      ensure it's possible to have crypto be done wholly in a
      `TransactionExtension`.
      - [x] Deprecate `SignedExtension` and move all uses in codebase to
      `TransactionExtension`.
        - [x] `ChargeTransactionPayment`
        - [x] `DummyExtension`
        - [x] `ChargeAssetTxPayment` (asset-tx-payment)
        - [x] `ChargeAssetTxPayment` (asset-conversion-tx-payment)
        - [x] `CheckWeight`
        - [x] `CheckTxVersion`
        - [x] `CheckSpecVersion`
        - [x] `CheckNonce`
        - [x] `CheckNonZeroSender`
        - [x] `CheckMortality`
        - [x] `CheckGenesis`
        - [x] `CheckOnlySudoAccount`
        - [x] `WatchDummy`
        - [x] `PrevalidateAttests`
        - [x] `GenericSignedExtension`
        - [x] `SignedExtension` (chain-polkadot-bulletin)
        - [x] `RefundSignedExtensionAdapter`
      - [x] Implement `fn weight` across the board.
      - [ ] Go through all pre-existing extensions which assume an account
      signer and explicitly handle the possibility of another kind of origin.
      - [x] `CheckNonce` should probably succeed in the case of a non-account
      origin.
      - [x] `CheckNonZeroSender` should succeed in the case of a non-account
      origin.
      - [x] `ChargeTransactionPayment` and family should fail in the case of a
      non-account origin.
        - [ ] 
      - [x] Fix any broken tests.
      
      ---------
      
      Signed-off-by: default avatargeorgepisaltu <[email protected]>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAlexandru Vasile <[email protected]>
      Signed-off-by: default avatardependabot[bot] <[email protected]>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarOliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>
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      fd5f9292
  3. Mar 01, 2024
  4. Feb 28, 2024
    • Oliver Tale-Yazdi's avatar
      Multi-Block-Migrations, `poll` hook and new System callbacks (#1781) · eefd5fe4
      Oliver Tale-Yazdi authored
      
      
      This MR is the merge of
      https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/pull/14414 and
      https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/pull/14275. It implements
      [RFC#13](https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/RFCs/pull/13), closes
      https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/198.
      
      ----- 
      
      This Merge request introduces three major topicals:
      
      1. Multi-Block-Migrations
      1. New pallet `poll` hook for periodic service work
      1. Replacement hooks for `on_initialize` and `on_finalize` in cases
      where `poll` cannot be used
      
      and some more general changes to FRAME.  
      The changes for each topical span over multiple crates. They are listed
      in topical order below.
      
      # 1.) Multi-Block-Migrations
      
      Multi-Block-Migrations are facilitated by creating `pallet_migrations`
      and configuring `System::Config::MultiBlockMigrator` to point to it.
      Executive picks this up and triggers one step of the migrations pallet
      per block.
      The chain is in lockdown mode for as long as an MBM is ongoing.
      Executive does this by polling `MultiBlockMigrator::ongoing` and not
      allowing any transaction in a block, if true.
      
      A MBM is defined through trait `SteppedMigration`. A condensed version
      looks like this:
      ```rust
      /// A migration that can proceed in multiple steps.
      pub trait SteppedMigration {
      	type Cursor: FullCodec + MaxEncodedLen;
      	type Identifier: FullCodec + MaxEncodedLen;
      
      	fn id() -> Self::Identifier;
      
      	fn max_steps() -> Option<u32>;
      
      	fn step(
      		cursor: Option<Self::Cursor>,
      		meter: &mut WeightMeter,
      	) -> Result<Option<Self::Cursor>, SteppedMigrationError>;
      }
      ```
      
      `pallet_migrations` can be configured with an aggregated tuple of these
      migrations. It then starts to migrate them one-by-one on the next
      runtime upgrade.
      Two things are important here:
      - 1. Doing another runtime upgrade while MBMs are ongoing is not a good
      idea and can lead to messed up state.
      - 2. **Pallet Migrations MUST BE CONFIGURED IN `System::Config`,
      otherwise it is not used.**
      
      The pallet supports an `UpgradeStatusHandler` that can be used to notify
      external logic of upgrade start/finish (for example to pause XCM
      dispatch).
      
      Error recovery is very limited in the case that a migration errors or
      times out (exceeds its `max_steps`). Currently the runtime dev can
      decide in `FailedMigrationHandler::failed` how to handle this. One
      follow-up would be to pair this with the `SafeMode` pallet and enact
      safe mode when an upgrade fails, to allow governance to rescue the
      chain. This is currently not possible, since governance is not
      `Mandatory`.
      
      ## Runtime API
      
      - `Core`: `initialize_block` now returns `ExtrinsicInclusionMode` to
      inform the Block Author whether they can push transactions.
      
      ### Integration
      
      Add it to your runtime implementation of `Core` and `BlockBuilder`:
      ```patch
      diff --git a/runtime/src/lib.rs b/runtime/src/lib.rs
      @@ impl_runtime_apis! {
      	impl sp_block_builder::Core<Block> for Runtime {
      -		fn initialize_block(header: &<Block as BlockT>::Header) {
      +		fn initialize_block(header: &<Block as BlockT>::Header) -> RuntimeExecutiveMode {
      			Executive::initialize_block(header)
      		}
      
      		...
      	}
      ```
      
      # 2.) `poll` hook
      
      A new pallet hook is introduced: `poll`. `Poll` is intended to replace
      mostly all usage of `on_initialize`.
      The reason for this is that any code that can be called from
      `on_initialize` cannot be migrated through an MBM. Currently there is no
      way to statically check this; the implication is to use `on_initialize`
      as rarely as possible.
      Failing to do so can result in broken storage invariants.
      
      The implementation of the poll hook depends on the `Runtime API` changes
      that are explained above.
      
      # 3.) Hard-Deadline callbacks
      
      Three new callbacks are introduced and configured on `System::Config`:
      `PreInherents`, `PostInherents` and `PostTransactions`.
      These hooks are meant as replacement for `on_initialize` and
      `on_finalize` in cases where the code that runs cannot be moved to
      `poll`.
      The reason for this is to make the usage of HD-code (hard deadline) more
      explicit - again to prevent broken invariants by MBMs.
      
      # 4.) FRAME (general changes)
      
      ## `frame_system` pallet
      
      A new memorize storage item `InherentsApplied` is added. It is used by
      executive to track whether inherents have already been applied.
      Executive and can then execute the MBMs directly between inherents and
      transactions.
      
      The `Config` gets five new items:
      - `SingleBlockMigrations` this is the new way of configuring migrations
      that run in a single block. Previously they were defined as last generic
      argument of `Executive`. This shift is brings all central configuration
      about migrations closer into view of the developer (migrations that are
      configured in `Executive` will still work for now but is deprecated).
      - `MultiBlockMigrator` this can be configured to an engine that drives
      MBMs. One example would be the `pallet_migrations`. Note that this is
      only the engine; the exact MBMs are injected into the engine.
      - `PreInherents` a callback that executes after `on_initialize` but
      before inherents.
      - `PostInherents` a callback that executes after all inherents ran
      (including MBMs and `poll`).
      - `PostTransactions` in symmetry to `PreInherents`, this one is called
      before `on_finalize` but after all transactions.
      
      A sane default is to set all of these to `()`. Example diff suitable for
      any chain:
      ```patch
      @@ impl frame_system::Config for Test {
       	type MaxConsumers = ConstU32<16>;
      +	type SingleBlockMigrations = ();
      +	type MultiBlockMigrator = ();
      +	type PreInherents = ();
      +	type PostInherents = ();
      +	type PostTransactions = ();
       }
      ```
      
      An overview of how the block execution now looks like is here. The same
      graph is also in the rust doc.
      
      <details><summary>Block Execution Flow</summary>
      <p>
      
      ![Screenshot 2023-12-04 at 19 11
      29](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/assets/10380170/e88a80c4-ef11-4faa-8df5-8b33a724c054)
      
      </p>
      </details> 
      
      ## Inherent Order
      
      Moved to https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/2154
      
      ---------------
      
      
      ## TODO
      
      - [ ] Check that `try-runtime` still works
      - [ ] Ensure backwards compatibility with old Runtime APIs
      - [x] Consume weight correctly
      - [x] Cleanup
      
      ---------
      
      Signed-off-by: default avatarOliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>
      Co-authored-by: default avatarLiam Aharon <[email protected]>
      Co-authored-by: default avatarJuan Girini <[email protected]>
      Co-authored-by: command-bot <>
      Co-authored-by: default avatarFrancisco Aguirre <[email protected]>
      Co-authored-by: default avatarGavin Wood <[email protected]>
      Co-authored-by: default avatarBastian Köcher <[email protected]>
      eefd5fe4
    • Liam Aharon's avatar
      Runtime Upgrade ref docs and Single Block Migration example pallet (#1554) · 12ce4f7d
      Liam Aharon authored
      Closes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk-docs/issues/55
      
      - Changes 'current storage version' terminology to less ambiguous
      'in-code storage version' (suggestion by @ggwpez
      
      )
      - Adds a new example pallet `pallet-example-single-block-migrations`
      - Adds a new reference doc to replace
      https://docs.substrate.io/maintain/runtime-upgrades/ (temporarily living
      in the pallet while we wait for developer hub PR to merge)
      - Adds documentation for the `storage_alias` macro
      - Improves `trait Hooks` docs 
      - Improves `trait GetStorageVersion` docs
      - Update the suggested patterns for using `VersionedMigration`, so that
      version unchecked migrations are never exported
      - Prevents accidental usage of version unchecked migrations in runtimes
      
      https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/pull/14421#discussion_r1255467895
      - Unversioned migration code is kept inside `mod version_unchecked`,
      versioned code is kept in `pub mod versioned`
      - It is necessary to use modules to limit visibility because the inner
      migration must be `pub`. See
      https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/30905 and
      
      https://internals.rust-lang.org/t/lang-team-minutes-private-in-public-rules/4504/40
      for more.
      
      ### todo
      
      - [x] move to reference docs to proper place within sdk-docs (now that
      https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/2102 is merged)
      - [x] prdoc
      
      ---------
      
      Co-authored-by: default avatarKian Paimani <[email protected]>
      Co-authored-by: default avatarJuan <[email protected]>
      Co-authored-by: default avatarOliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>
      Co-authored-by: command-bot <>
      Co-authored-by: default avatargupnik <[email protected]>
      12ce4f7d
  5. Feb 26, 2024
    • Branislav Kontur's avatar
      [pallet-xcm] Adjust benchmarks (teleport_assets/reserve_transfer_assets) not relying on ED (#3464) · 3d9439f6
      Branislav Kontur authored
      
      
      ## Problem
      During the bumping of the `polkadot-fellows` repository to
      `[email protected]`, I encountered a situation where the benchmarks
      `teleport_assets` and `reserve_transfer_assets` in AssetHubKusama
      started to fail. This issue arose due to a decreased ED balance for
      AssetHubs introduced
      [here](https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/runtimes/pull/158/files#diff-80668ff8e793b64f36a9a3ec512df5cbca4ad448c157a5d81abda1b15f35f1daR213),
      and also because of a [missing CI
      pipeline](https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/runtimes/issues/197) to
      check the benchmarks, which went unnoticed.
      
      These benchmarks expect the `caller` to have enough:
      1. balance to transfer (BTT)
      2. balance for paying delivery (BFPD).
       
      So the initial balance was calculated as `ED * 100`, which seems
      reasonable:
      ```
      const ED_MULTIPLIER: u32 = 100;
      let balance = existential_deposit.saturating_mul(ED_MULTIPLIER.into());`
      ```
      The problem arises when the price for delivery is 100 times higher than
      the existential deposit. In other words, when `ED * 100` does not cover
      `BTT` + `BFPD`.
      
      I check AHR/AHW/AHK/AHP and this problem has only AssetHubKusama
      ```
      ED: 3333333
      calculated price to parent delivery:  1031666634  (from xcm logs from the benchmark)
      ---
      
      3333333 * 100 - BTT(3333333) - BFPD(1031666634) = −701666667
      ```
      which results in the error;
      ```
      2024-02-23 09:19:42 Unable to charge fee with error Module(ModuleError { index: 31, error: [17, 0, 0, 0], message: Some("FeesNotMet") })
      Error: Input("Benchmark pallet_xcm::reserve_transfer_assets failed: FeesNotMet")
           
      ```
      
      ## Solution
      
      The benchmarks `teleport_assets` and `reserve_transfer_assets` were
      fixed by removing `ED * 100` and replacing it with `DeliveryHelper`
      logic, which calculates the (almost real) price for delivery and sets it
      along with the existential deposit as the initial balance for the
      account used in the benchmark.
      
      
      ## TODO
      
      - [ ] patch for 1.6 -
      https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/3466
      - [ ] patch for 1.7 -
      https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/3465
      - [ ] patch for 1.8 - TODO: PR
      
      ---------
      
      Co-authored-by: default avatarFrancisco Aguirre <[email protected]>
      3d9439f6
  6. Feb 20, 2024
  7. Feb 13, 2024
  8. Feb 12, 2024
    • Oliver Tale-Yazdi's avatar
      Lift dependencies to the workspace (Part 1) (#2070) · e80c2473
      Oliver Tale-Yazdi authored
      Changes (partial https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/994):
      - Set log to `0.4.20` everywhere
      - Lift `log` to the workspace
      
      Starting with a simpler one after seeing
      https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/2065 from @jsdw
      
      .
      This sets the `default-features` to `false` in the root and then
      overwrites that in each create to its original value. This is necessary
      since otherwise the `default` features are additive and its impossible
      to disable them in the crate again once they are enabled in the
      workspace.
      
      I am using a tool to do this, so its mostly a test to see that it works
      as expected.
      
      ---------
      
      Signed-off-by: default avatarOliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>
      e80c2473
  9. Feb 09, 2024
  10. Feb 06, 2024
  11. Feb 02, 2024
  12. Jan 31, 2024
    • Branislav Kontur's avatar
      [frame] `#[pallet::composite_enum]` improved variant count handling + removed... · bb8ddc46
      Branislav Kontur authored
      [frame] `#[pallet::composite_enum]` improved variant count handling + removed `pallet_balances`'s `MaxHolds` config (#2657)
      
      I started this investigation/issue based on @liamaharon
      
       question
      [here](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/1801#discussion_r1410452499).
      
      ## Problem
      
      The `pallet_balances` integrity test should correctly detect that the
      runtime has correct distinct `HoldReasons` variant count. I assume the
      same situation exists for RuntimeFreezeReason.
      
      It is not a critical problem, if we set `MaxHolds` with a sufficiently
      large value, everything should be ok. However, in this case, the
      integrity_test check becomes less useful.
      
      **Situation for "any" runtime:**
      - `HoldReason` enums from different pallets:
      ```rust
              /// from pallet_nis
              #[pallet::composite_enum]
      	pub enum HoldReason {
      		NftReceipt,
      	}
      
              /// from pallet_preimage
              #[pallet::composite_enum]
      	pub enum HoldReason {
      		Preimage,
      	}
      
              // from pallet_state-trie-migration
              #[pallet::composite_enum]
      	pub enum HoldReason {
      		SlashForContinueMigrate,
      		SlashForMigrateCustomTop,
      		SlashForMigrateCustomChild,
      	}
      ```
      
      - generated `RuntimeHoldReason` enum looks like:
      ```rust
      pub enum RuntimeHoldReason {
      
          #[codec(index = 32u8)]
          Preimage(pallet_preimage::HoldReason),
      
          #[codec(index = 38u8)]
          Nis(pallet_nis::HoldReason),
      
          #[codec(index = 42u8)]
          StateTrieMigration(pallet_state_trie_migration::HoldReason),
      }
      ```
      
      - composite enum `RuntimeHoldReason` variant count is detected as `3`
      - we set `type MaxHolds = ConstU32<3>`
      - `pallet_balances::integrity_test` is ok with `3`(at least 3)
      
      However, the real problem can occur in a live runtime where some
      functionality might stop working. This is due to a total of 5 distinct
      hold reasons (for pallets with multi-instance support, it is even more),
      and not all of them can be used because of an incorrect `MaxHolds`,
      which is deemed acceptable according to the `integrity_test`:
        ```
        // pseudo-code - if we try to call all of these:
      
      T::Currency::hold(&pallet_nis::HoldReason::NftReceipt.into(),
      &nft_owner, deposit)?;
      T::Currency::hold(&pallet_preimage::HoldReason::Preimage.into(),
      &nft_owner, deposit)?;
      
      T::Currency::hold(&pallet_state_trie_migration::HoldReason::SlashForContinueMigrate.into(),
      &nft_owner, deposit)?;
      
        // With `type MaxHolds = ConstU32<3>` these two will fail
      
      T::Currency::hold(&pallet_state_trie_migration::HoldReason::SlashForMigrateCustomTop.into(),
      &nft_owner, deposit)?;
      
      T::Currency::hold(&pallet_state_trie_migration::HoldReason::SlashForMigrateCustomChild.into(),
      &nft_owner, deposit)?;
        ```  
      
      
      ## Solutions
      
      A macro `#[pallet::*]` expansion is extended of `VariantCount`
      implementation for the `#[pallet::composite_enum]` enum type. This
      expansion generates the `VariantCount` implementation for pallets'
      `HoldReason`, `FreezeReason`, `LockId`, and `SlashReason`. Enum variants
      must be plain enum values without fields to ensure a deterministic
      count.
      
      The composite runtime enum, `RuntimeHoldReason` and
      `RuntimeFreezeReason`, now sets `VariantCount::VARIANT_COUNT` as the sum
      of pallets' enum `VariantCount::VARIANT_COUNT`:
      ```rust
      #[frame_support::pallet(dev_mode)]
      mod module_single_instance {
      
      	#[pallet::composite_enum]
      	pub enum HoldReason {
      		ModuleSingleInstanceReason1,
      		ModuleSingleInstanceReason2,
      	}
      ...
      }
      
      #[frame_support::pallet(dev_mode)]
      mod module_multi_instance {
      
      	#[pallet::composite_enum]
      	pub enum HoldReason<I: 'static = ()> {
      		ModuleMultiInstanceReason1,
      		ModuleMultiInstanceReason2,
      		ModuleMultiInstanceReason3,
      	}
      ...
      }
      
      
      impl self::sp_api_hidden_includes_construct_runtime::hidden_include::traits::VariantCount
          for RuntimeHoldReason
      {
          const VARIANT_COUNT: u32 = 0
              + module_single_instance::HoldReason::VARIANT_COUNT
              + module_multi_instance::HoldReason::<module_multi_instance::Instance1>::VARIANT_COUNT
              + module_multi_instance::HoldReason::<module_multi_instance::Instance2>::VARIANT_COUNT
              + module_multi_instance::HoldReason::<module_multi_instance::Instance3>::VARIANT_COUNT;
      }
      ```
      
      In addition, `MaxHolds` is removed (as suggested
      [here](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/2657#discussion_r1443324573))
      from `pallet_balances`, and its `Holds` are now bounded to
      `RuntimeHoldReason::VARIANT_COUNT`. Therefore, there is no need to let
      the runtime specify `MaxHolds`.
      
      
      ## For reviewers
      
      Relevant changes can be found here:
      - `substrate/frame/support/procedural/src/lib.rs` 
      -  `substrate/frame/support/procedural/src/pallet/parse/composite.rs`
      -  `substrate/frame/support/procedural/src/pallet/expand/composite.rs`
      -
      `substrate/frame/support/procedural/src/construct_runtime/expand/composite_helper.rs`
      -
      `substrate/frame/support/procedural/src/construct_runtime/expand/hold_reason.rs`
      -
      `substrate/frame/support/procedural/src/construct_runtime/expand/freeze_reason.rs`
      - `substrate/frame/support/src/traits/misc.rs`
      
      And the rest of the files is just about removed `MaxHolds` from
      `pallet_balances`
      
      ## Next steps
      
      Do the same for `MaxFreezes`
      https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/2997.
      
      ---------
      
      Co-authored-by: command-bot <>
      Co-authored-by: default avatarBastian Köcher <[email protected]>
      Co-authored-by: default avatarDónal Murray <[email protected]>
      Co-authored-by: default avatargupnik <[email protected]>
      bb8ddc46
    • Branislav Kontur's avatar
      [cumulus] `parachains-common` testnet constants cleaning (#3134) · 4450b615
      Branislav Kontur authored
      
      
      The `parachains-common` contains a lots of constants and type
      definitions which are used for `polkadot-sdk`'s testnet runtimes and
      also for `polkadot-fellows`'s production [SP
      runtimes](https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/runtimes/tree/main/system-parachains/constants).
      This PR cleans `parachains-common` module to contain only common and
      generic functionality.
      
      Testnet-specific constants have been moved to the separate module
      dedicated just for testnets:
      `polkadot-sdk/cumulus/parachains/runtimes/constants/`
      
      
      Part of: https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3054
      
      ---------
      
      Co-authored-by: default avatargeorgepisaltu <[email protected]>
      4450b615
  13. Jan 30, 2024
    • Oliver Tale-Yazdi's avatar
      [FRAME] Introduce `force_adjust_total_issuance` (#3001) · 5a6f6d33
      Oliver Tale-Yazdi authored
      
      
      Add `Balances::force_adjust_total_issuance` as preparation for fixing
      https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/runtimes/issues/147.
      Important changes in `substrate/frame/balances/src/lib.rs`.
      
      TODO:
      - [x] Update weights
      
      ---------
      
      Signed-off-by: default avatarOliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>
      Co-authored-by: command-bot <>
      Co-authored-by: default avatarBastian Köcher <[email protected]>
      5a6f6d33
    • Oliver Tale-Yazdi's avatar
      Revert "[Runtime] Bound XCMP queue" (#3117) · fafe2722
      Oliver Tale-Yazdi authored
      Reverts paritytech/polkadot-sdk#2302. 🤦‍♂️ should have checked the
      migration CI first.
      
      We either need to reduce the `max_message_size` for the open HRMP
      channels on the failing chains or increase the `PageSize` of the XCMP
      queue.
      Both would be fine on a test-net, but i assume this will also fail
      before the next SP runtime upgrade so first need to think what best to
      do.
      AFAIK its not possible currently to change the `max_message_size` of an
      open HRMP channel.
      fafe2722
  14. Jan 29, 2024
    • Oliver Tale-Yazdi's avatar
      [Runtime] Bound XCMP queue (#2302) · b8f55d1b
      Oliver Tale-Yazdi authored
      
      
      Remove `without_storage_info` from the XCMP queue pallet. Part of
      https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/323
      
      Changes:
      - Limit the number of channels that can be suspended at the same time.
      - Limit the number of channels that can have messages or signals pending
      at the same time.
      
      A No-OP migration is put in place to ensure that all `BoundedVec`s still
      decode and not truncate after upgrade. The storage version is thereby
      bumped to 4 to have our tooling remind us to deploy that migration.
      
      ---------
      
      Signed-off-by: default avatarOliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>
      Co-authored-by: default avatarFrancisco Aguirre <[email protected]>
      b8f55d1b
  15. Jan 26, 2024
  16. Jan 24, 2024
    • Just van Stam's avatar
      Transactional processing for XCM (#1222) · 50eb12cf
      Just van Stam authored
      
      
      Moved from: https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot/pull/6951
      
      closes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/490
      
      - [x] update cumulus
      
      --- 
      This PR introduces transactional processing of certain xcm instructions.
      For the list of instructions checkout
      https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/490. The transactional
      processing is implemented as an xcm-executor config item. The two
      implementations in this PR are `FrameTransactionalProcessor` and `()`.
      The `()` implementation does no transactional processing. Each
      implementation of the `ProcessTransaction` trait has an
      `IS_TRANSACTIONAL` const that tells the XCVM if transactional processing
      is actually implemented. If Transactional processing is implemented,
      changes to touched registers should also be rolled back to prevent
      inconsistencies.
      
      
      Note for reviewers:
      Check out the following safety assumption:
      https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/1222/files#diff-4effad7d8c1c9de19fd27e18661cbf2128c8718f3b2420a27d2f816e0749ea53R30
      
      ---------
      
      Co-authored-by: default avatarKeith Yeung <[email protected]>
      Co-authored-by: default avatarFrancisco Aguirre <[email protected]>
      Co-authored-by: command-bot <>
      50eb12cf
    • Branislav Kontur's avatar
      [cumulus] Feature gates for rococo/westend related stuff in the `parachains-common` (#3041) · a78ff7d7
      Branislav Kontur authored
      
      
      This PR avoids automatically pulling rococo/westend runtime constants
      into the runtime by default. Usually, we have testnet runtimes dedicated
      to rococo or westend, and therefore, we don't need both dependencies.
      Additionally, it prevents pulling rococo/westend-related items into the
      `polkadot-fellows` repo, as seen in the Cargo.lock
      [here](https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/runtimes/blob/main/Cargo.lock#L14137-L14151)
      and
      [here](https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/runtimes/blob/main/Cargo.lock#L9756-L9770).
      
      ---------
      
      Co-authored-by: default avatarAdrian Catangiu <[email protected]>
      a78ff7d7
  17. Jan 23, 2024
    • Branislav Kontur's avatar
      Various nits and alignments for testnet runtimes (#3024) · a817d310
      Branislav Kontur authored
      There were several improvements and PRs that didn't apply to all
      runtimes, so this PR attempts to align those small differences. In
      addition, the PR eliminates unused dependencies across multiple modules.
      
      Relates to PR for `polkadot-fellows`:
      https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/runtimes/pull/154
      a817d310
    • Niklas Adolfsson's avatar
      rpc: backpressured RPC server (bump jsonrpsee 0.20) (#1313) · e16ef086
      Niklas Adolfsson authored
      This is a rather big change in jsonrpsee, the major things in this bump
      are:
      - Server backpressure (the subscription impls are modified to deal with
      that)
      - Allow custom error types / return types (remove jsonrpsee::core::Error
      and jsonrpee::core::CallError)
      - Bug fixes (graceful shutdown in particular not used by substrate
      anyway)
         - Less dependencies for the clients in particular
         - Return type requires Clone in method call responses
         - Moved to tokio channels
         - Async subscription API (not used in this PR)
      
      Major changes in this PR:
      - The subscriptions are now bounded and if subscription can't keep up
      with the server it is dropped
      - CLI: add parameter to configure the jsonrpc server bounded message
      buffer (default is 64)
      - Add our own subscription helper to deal with the unbounded streams in
      substrate
      
      The most important things in this PR to review is the added helpers
      functions in `substrate/client/rpc/src/utils.rs` and the rest is pretty
      much chore.
      
      Regarding the "bounded buffer limit" it may cause the server to handle
      the JSON-RPC calls
      slower than before.
      
      The message size limit is bounded by "--rpc-response-size" thus "by
      default 10MB * 64 = 640MB"
      but the subscription message size is not covered by this limit and could
      be capped as well.
      
      Hopefully the last release prior to 1.0, sorry in advance for a big PR
      
      Previous attempt: https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/pull/13992
      
      Resolves https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/748, resolves
      https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/627
      e16ef086
  18. Jan 22, 2024
  19. Jan 19, 2024
    • Sergej Sakac's avatar
      Enable cross-chain NFT transfers on asset-hub (#2796) · 50a2e28b
      Sergej Sakac authored
      
      
      This PR introduces the following changes:
      
      - [x] Adds a `UniquesTransactor` to asset-hub-rococo
      - [x] Adds a `UniquesTransactor` to asset-hub-westend
      
      We can't add a transactor for `pallet-nfts` like we do for
      `pallet-uniques` because `pallet-nfts` uses `nonfungibles_v2::Mutate`
      instead of `nonfungibles::Mutate`, and making that work would be out of
      scope of this PR.
      
      With these modifications, reserve-based NFT cross-chain transfers can be
      performed on asset-hub.
      
      ---------
      
      Co-authored-by: default avatarjoe petrowski <[email protected]>
      50a2e28b
  20. Jan 18, 2024
  21. Jan 17, 2024
  22. Jan 16, 2024
    • Francisco Aguirre's avatar
      XCMv4 (#1230) · 8428f678
      Francisco Aguirre authored
      
      
      # Note for reviewer
      
      Most changes are just syntax changes necessary for the new version.
      Most important files should be the ones under the `xcm` folder.
      
      # Description 
      
      Added XCMv4.
      
      ## Removed `Multi` prefix
      The following types have been renamed:
      - MultiLocation -> Location
      - MultiAsset -> Asset
      - MultiAssets -> Assets
      - InteriorMultiLocation -> InteriorLocation
      - MultiAssetFilter -> AssetFilter
      - VersionedMultiAsset -> VersionedAsset
      - WildMultiAsset -> WildAsset
      - VersionedMultiLocation -> VersionedLocation
      
      In order to fix a name conflict, the `Assets` in `xcm-executor` were
      renamed to `HoldingAssets`, as they represent assets in holding.
      
      ## Removed `Abstract` asset id
      
      It was not being used anywhere and this simplifies the code.
      
      Now assets are just constructed as follows:
      
      ```rust
      let asset: Asset = (AssetId(Location::new(1, Here)), 100u128).into();
      ```
      
      No need for specifying `Concrete` anymore.
      
      ## Outcome is now a named fields struct
      
      Instead of
      
      ```rust
      pub enum Outcome {
        Complete(Weight),
        Incomplete(Weight, Error),
        Error(Error),
      }
      ```
      
      we now have
      
      ```rust
      pub enum Outcome {
        Complete { used: Weight },
        Incomplete { used: Weight, error: Error },
        Error { error: Error },
      }
      ```
      
      ## Added Reanchorable trait
      
      Now both locations and assets implement this trait, making it easier to
      reanchor both.
      
      ## New syntax for building locations and junctions
      
      Now junctions are built using the following methods:
      
      ```rust
      let location = Location {
          parents: 1,
          interior: [Parachain(1000), PalletInstance(50), GeneralIndex(1984)].into()
      };
      ```
      
      or
      
      ```rust
      let location = Location::new(1, [Parachain(1000), PalletInstance(50), GeneralIndex(1984)]);
      ```
      
      And they are matched like so:
      
      ```rust
      match location.unpack() {
        (1, [Parachain(id)]) => ...
        (0, Here) => ...,
        (1, [_]) => ...,
      }
      ```
      
      This syntax is mandatory in v4, and has been also implemented for v2 and
      v3 for easier migration.
      
      This was needed to make all sizes smaller.
      
      # TODO
      - [x] Scaffold v4
      - [x] Port github.com/paritytech/polkadot/pull/7236
      - [x] Remove `Multi` prefix
      - [x] Remove `Abstract` asset id
      
      ---------
      
      Co-authored-by: command-bot <>
      Co-authored-by: default avatarKeith Yeung <[email protected]>
      8428f678
    • Muharem Ismailov's avatar
      XCM WeightTrader: Swap Fee Asset for Native Asset (#1845) · 2cb39f8d
      Muharem Ismailov authored
      
      
      Implements an XCM executor `WeightTrader`, facilitating fee payments in
      any asset that can be exchanged for a native asset.
      
      A few constraints need to be observed:
      - `buy_weight` and `refund` operations must be atomic, as another weight
      trader implementation might be attempted in case of failure.
      - swap credit must be utilized since there isn’t an account to which an
      asset of some class can be deposited with a guarantee to meet the
      existential deposit requirement. Also, operating with credits enhances
      the efficiency of the weight trader -
      https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/1677
      
      related PRs:
      - (depends) https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/2031
      - (depends) https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/1677
      - (caused) https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/1847
      - (caused) https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/1876
      
      // DONE: impl `OnUnbalanced` for a `fungible/s` credit
      // DONE: make the trader free from a concept of a native currency and
      drop few fallible conversions. related issue -
      https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/1842
      // DONE: tests
      
      ---------
      
      Co-authored-by: default avatarjoe petrowski <[email protected]>
      Co-authored-by: default avatarLiam Aharon <[email protected]>
      2cb39f8d
  23. Dec 22, 2023
  24. Dec 20, 2023
    • joe petrowski's avatar
      Add Authorize Upgrade Pattern to Frame System (#2682) · 280aa0b5
      joe petrowski authored
      Adds the `authorize_upgrade` -> `enact_authorized_upgrade` pattern to
      `frame-system`. This will be useful for upgrading bridged chains that
      are under the governance of Polkadot without passing entire runtime Wasm
      blobs over a bridge.
      
      Notes:
      
      - Changed `enact_authorized_upgrade` to `apply_authorized_upgrade`.
      Personal opinion, "apply" more accurately expresses what it's doing. Can
      change back if outvoted.
      - Remove `check_version` in favor of two extrinsics, so as to make
      _checked_ the default.
      - Left calls in `parachain-system` and marked as deprecated to prevent
      breaking the API. They just call into the `frame-system` functions.
      - Updated `frame-system` benchmarks to v2 syntax.
      
      ---------
      
      Co-authored-by: command-bot <>
      280aa0b5
    • Muharem Ismailov's avatar
      pallet-asset-conversion: Decoupling Native Currency Dependancy (#2031) · 4f832ea8
      Muharem Ismailov authored
      closes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/1842
      
      Decoupling Pallet from the Concept of Native Currency
      
      Currently, the pallet is intrinsically linked with the concept of native
      currency, requiring users to provide implementations of the
      `fungible::*` and `fungibles::*` traits to interact with native and non
      native assets. This incapsulates some non-related to the pallet
      complexity and makes it less adaptable in contexts where the native
      currency concept is absent.
      
      With this PR, the dependence on `fungible::*` for liquidity-supplying
      assets has been removed. Instead, the native and non-native currencies'
      handling is now overseen by a single type that implements the
      `fungibles::*` traits. To simplify this integration, types have been
      introduced to facilitate the creation of a union between `fungible::*`
      and `fungibles::*` implementations, producing a unified `fungibles::*`
      type.
      
      One of the reasons driving these changes is the ambition to create a
      more user-friendly API for the `SwapCredit` implementation. Given that
      it interacts with two distinct credit types from `fungible` and
      `fungibles`, a unified type was introduced. Clients now manage potential
      conversion failures for those credit types. In certain contexts, it's
      vital to guarantee that operations are fail-safe, like in this impl -
      [PR](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/1845), place in
      [code](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/blob/20b85a5f
      
      /cumulus/primitives/utility/src/lib.rs#L429).
      
      Additional Updates:
      - abstracted the pool ID and its account derivation logic via trait
      bounds, along with common implementation offerings;
      - removed `inc_providers` on a pool creation for the pool account;
      - benchmarks:
      -- swap complexity is N, not const;
      -- removed `From<u128> + Into<u128>` bound from `T::Balance`;
      -- removed swap/liquidity/.. amount constants, resolve them dynamically
      based on pallet configuration;
      -- migrated to v2 API;
      - `OnUnbalanced` handler for the pool creation fee, replacing direct
      transfers to a specified account ID;
      - renamed `MultiAssetId` to `AssetKind` aligning with naming across
      frame crates;
      
      related PRs:
      - (depends) https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/1677
      - (caused) https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/2033
      - (caused) https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/1876
      
      ---------
      
      Co-authored-by: default avatarjoe petrowski <[email protected]>
      Co-authored-by: default avatarLiam Aharon <[email protected]>
      4f832ea8
  25. Dec 19, 2023
    • Muharem Ismailov's avatar
      pallet-asset-conversion: Swap Credit (#1677) · 5ce04514
      Muharem Ismailov authored
      
      
      Introduces a swap implementation that allows the exchange of a credit
      (aka Negative Imbalance) of one asset for a credit of another asset.
      
      This is particularly useful when a credit swap is required but may not
      have sufficient value to meet the ED constraint, hence cannot be
      deposited to temp account before. An example use case is when XCM fees
      are paid using an asset held in the XCM executor registry and has to be
      swapped for native currency.
      
      Additional Updates:
      - encapsulates the existing `Swap` trait impl within a transactional
      context, since partial storage mutation is possible when an error
      occurs;
      - supplied `Currency` and `Assets` impls must be implemented over the
      same `Balance` type, the `AssetBalance` generic type is dropped. This
      helps to avoid numerous type conversion and overflow cases. If those
      types are different it should be handled outside of the pallet;
      - `Box` asset kind on a pallet level, unbox on a runtime level - here
      [why](https://substrate.stackexchange.com/questions/10039/boxed-argument-of-a-dispatchable/10103#10103);
      - `path` uses `Vec` now, instead of `BoundedVec` since it is never used
      in PoV;
      - removes the `Transfer` event due to it's redundancy with the events
      emitted by `fungible/s` implementations;
      - modifies the `SwapExecuted` event type;
      
      related issue: 
      - https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/105
      
      related PRs:
      - (required for) https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/1845
      - (caused) https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/1717
      
      // DONE make the pallet work only with `fungibles` trait and make it
      free from the concept of a `native` asset -
      https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/1842
      
      ---------
      
      Co-authored-by: default avatarjoe petrowski <[email protected]>
      5ce04514
  26. Dec 18, 2023
  27. Dec 14, 2023
    • Francisco Aguirre's avatar
      Add FungibleAdapter (#2684) · 10a91f82
      Francisco Aguirre authored
      In the move from the old `Currency` traits to the new `fungible/s`
      family of traits, we already had the `FungiblesAdapter` and
      `NonFungiblesAdapter` for multiple fungible and non fungible assets
      respectively. However, for handling only one fungible asset, we were
      missing a `FungibleAdapter`, and so used the old `CurrencyAdapter`
      instead. This PR aims to fill in that gap, and provide the new adapter
      for more updated examples.
      
      I marked the old `CurrencyAdapter` as deprecated as part of this PR, and
      I'll change it to the new `FungibleAdapter` in a following PR.
      The two stages are separated so as to not bloat this PR with some name
      fixes in tests.
      
      ---------
      
      Co-authored-by: command-bot <>
      10a91f82
    • Egor_P's avatar
      [Backport] txn version bump from 1.5.0 (#2709) · 3e4e8c0b
      Egor_P authored
      This PR backports `transaction_version` bump from `1.5.0` release back
      to `master`
      3e4e8c0b
  28. Dec 13, 2023