Last subtask from
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/5704.

Closes #5704.

The substrate-node is not 100% free of the native runtime yet, but the
code has become less convoluted and better documented. The final cleanup
needs https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/7748.

---------

Co-authored-by: Michal Kucharczyk <1728078+michalkucharczyk@users.noreply.github.com>

Fixes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/6157

This fixes the last remaining benchmark that was not correct since it
was too low level to be written in Rust. Instead, we opted.

This PR changes the benchmark that determines the scaling from
`ref_time` to PolkaVM `Gas` by benchmarking the absolute worst case of
an instruction: One that causes two cache misses by touching two cache
lines.

The Contract itself is designed to be as simple as possible. It does
random unaligned reads in a loop until the `r` (repetition) number is
reached. The randomness is fully generated by the host and written to
the guests memory before the benchmark is run. This allows the benchmark
to determine the influence of one loop iteration via linear regression.

---------

Co-authored-by: cmd[bot] <41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: xermicus <cyrill@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: PG Herveou <pgherveou@gmail.com>

Description
Part of #3326
As per title, `pallet::getter` usage has been removed from
`pallet-nft-fractionalization`.

---------

Co-authored-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <oliver.tale-yazdi@parity.io>

This PR handles a case where we called the `poll_next` on an outbound
substream notification to check if the stream is closed. It is entirely
possible that the `poll_next` would return an `io::error`, for example
end of file.

This PR ensures that we make the distinction between unexpected incoming
data, and error originated from `poll_next`.

While at it, the bulk of the PR change propagates the PeerID from the
network behavior, through the notification handler, to the notification
outbound stream for logging purposes.

cc @paritytech/networking 

Part of: https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/7722

---------

Signed-off-by: Alexandru Vasile <alexandru.vasile@parity.io>

Fixes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/6723

## Motivation

Internal auditors recommended to not truncate Polkadot Addresses when
deriving Ethereum addresses from it. Reasoning is that they are raw
public keys where truncating could lead to collisions when weaknesses in
those curves are discovered in the future. Additionally, some pallets
generate account addresses in a way where only the suffix we were
truncating contains any entropy. The changes in this PR act as a safe
guard against those two points.

## Changes made

We change the `to_address` function to first hash the AccountId32 and
then use trailing 20 bytes as `AccountId20`. If the `AccountId32` ends
with 12x 0xEE we keep our current behaviour of just truncating those
trailing bytes.

## Security Discussion

This will allow us to still recover the original `AccountId20` because
those are constructed by just adding those 12 bytes. Please note that
generating an ed25519 key pair where the trailing 12 bytes are 0xEE is
theoretically possible as 96bits is not a huge search space. However,
this cannot be used as an attack vector. It will merely allow this
address to interact with `pallet_revive` without registering as the
fallback account is the same as the actual address. The ultimate vanity
address. In practice, this is not relevant since the 0xEE addresses are
not valid public keys for sr25519 which is used almost everywhere.

tl:dr: We keep truncating in case of an Ethereum address derived account
id. This is safe as those are already derived via keccak. In every other
case where we have to assume that the account id might be a public key.
Therefore we first hash and then take the trailing bytes.

## Do we need a Migration for Westend

No. We changed the name of the mapping. This means the runtime will not
try to read the old data. Ethereum keys are unaffected by this change.
We just advise people to re-register their AccountId32 in case they need
to use it as it is a very small circle of users (just 3 addresses
registered). This will not cause disturbance on Westend.

---------

Co-authored-by: cmd[bot] <41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

Related to https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/7360

This PR adds `DecodeWithMemTracking` as a trait bound for `Header`,
`Block` and `TransactionExtension` and
derives it for all the types that implement these traits in
`polkadot-sdk`.

# Description

* This PR adds a new extrinsic `poke_deposit` to `pallet-multisig`. This
extrinsic will be used to re-adjust the deposits made in the pallet to
create a multisig operation after AHM.
* Part of #5591 

## Review Notes

* Added a new extrinsic `poke_deposit` in `pallet-multisig`.
* Added a new event `DepositPoked` to be emitted upon a successful call
of the extrinsic.
* Although the immediate use of the extrinsic will be to give back some
of the deposit after the AH-migration, the extrinsic is written such
that it can work if the deposit decreases or increases (both).
* The call to the extrinsic would be `free` if an actual adjustment is
made to the deposit and `paid` otherwise.
* Added tests to test all scenarios.

## TO-DOs
* [x] Add Benchmark
* [x] Run CI cmd bot to benchmark

---------

Co-authored-by: cmd[bot] <41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Giuseppe Re <giuseppe.re@parity.io>

This PR ensures compatibility in terms of expectations between the
libp2p and litep2p network backends at the notification protocol level.

The libp2p node is tested with the `Notification` behavior that contains
the protocol controller, while litep2p is tested at the lowest level API
(without substrate shim layers).

## Notification Behavior

(I) Libp2p protocol controller will eagerly reopen a closed substream,
even if it is the one that closed it:
- When a node (libp2p or litep2p) closes the substream with **libp2p**,
the **libp2p** controller will reopen the substream
- When **libp2p** closes the substream with a node (either litep2p with
no controller or libp2p), the **libp2p** controller will reopen the
substream
- However in this case, libp2p was the one closing the substream
signaling it is no longer interested in communicating with the other
side

(II) Notifications are lost and not reported to the higher level in the
following scenario:
- T0: Node A opens a substream with Node B
- T1: Node A closes the substream or the connection with Node B
- T2: Node B sends a notification to Node A => *notification is lost*
and never reported
- T3: Node B detects the closed substream or connection


## Testing

This PR effectively checks:
- connectivity at the notification level
- litep2p rejecting libp2p substream and keep-alive mechanism
functionality
- libp2p disconnecting libp2p and connection re-establishment (and all
the other permutations)
- idling of connections with active substreams and keep-alive mechanism
is not enforced


Prior work:
- https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/7361

cc @paritytech/networking

---------

Signed-off-by: Alexandru Vasile <alexandru.vasile@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: Dmitry Markin <dmitry@markin.tech>

closes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/5742

Need to be backported to stable2503 release.

With the migration of staking accounts to [fungible
currency](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/5501), we can
now allow pool users to stake directly and vice versa. This update
introduces a configurable filter mechanism to determine which accounts
can join a nomination pool.

## Example Usage  

### 1. Allow any account to join a pool  
To permit all accounts to join a nomination pool, use the `Nothing`
filter:

```rust
impl pallet_nomination_pools::Config for Runtime {
    ...
    type Filter = Nothing;
}
```

### 2. Restrict direct stakers from joining a pool

To prevent direct stakers from joining a nomination pool, use
`pallet_staking::AllStakers`:
```rust
impl pallet_nomination_pools::Config for Runtime {
    ...
    type Filter = pallet_staking::AllStakers<Runtime>;
}
```

### 3. Define a custom filter
For more granular control, you can define a custom filter:
```rust
struct MyCustomFilter<T: Config>(core::marker::PhantomData<T>);

impl<T: Config> Contains<T::AccountId> for MyCustomFilter<T> {
    fn contains(account: &T::AccountId) -> bool {
        todo!("Implement custom logic. Return `false` to allow the account to join a pool.")
    }
}
```

---------

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <info@kchr.de>

This PR changes the behavior of delegate calls when the callee is not a
contract account: Instead of returning a `CodeNotFound` error, this is
allowed and the caller observes a successful call with empty output.

The change makes for example the following contract behave the same as
on EVM:

```Solidity
contract DelegateCall {
    function delegateToLibrary() external returns (bool) {
        address testAddress = 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
        (bool success, ) = testAddress.delegatecall(
            abi.encodeWithSignature("test()")
        );
        return success;
    }
}
```

Closes https://github.com/paritytech/revive/issues/235

---------

Signed-off-by: xermicus <cyrill@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: cmd[bot] <41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

Add ECrecover 0x1 precompile and remove the unstable equivalent host
function.

- depend on https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/7676

---------

Co-authored-by: cmd[bot] <41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <alex.theissen@me.com>

The runtime API implemented version is not explicitly shown in metadata,
so here we add it to improve developer experience.
We need to bump `frame-metadata` and `merkleized-metadata` to allow this
new feature.

This closes #7352 .

_Refactor_: also changing all the occurrences of `ViewFunctionMethod` to
just `ViewFunction` for metadata types.

---------

Co-authored-by: cmd[bot] <41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

# Description
Seems like SubstrateWeights that used T::DBWeights was not public unlike
the frame_system's Call weights. PR just made those weights public

## Integration
Instead of using `()` impl which used RockDB weights, ExtensionWeights
can be used to to use the provided DBWeights to System config

Fix tracing should wrap around the entire call stack execution

---------

Co-authored-by: cmd[bot] <41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

`sc-cli` brings rocksdb dependency into frame-benchmarking-cli when used
with `default-features = false`.
This PR makes rocksdb deps optional that sc-cli brings in some of the
crates. I think I covered all the crates that depend on sc-cli but
please let me know if I missed any.

Fixes: https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3793

# Description

This PR introduces a lightweight log-capturing mechanism for XCM unit
tests, simplifying debugging by enabling structured log assertions. It
partially addresses #6119 and #6125, offering an optional way to verify
logs in tests while remaining unobtrusive in normal execution.

# Key Changes

* [x] Introduces a log capture utility in `sp_tracing`.
* [x] Adds XCM test examples demonstrating how and when to use log
capturing.

# Review Notes:

* The log capture mechanism is opt-in and does not affect existing tests
unless explicitly used.
* The implementation is minimal and does not add complexity to existing
test setups.
* It provides a structured alternative to
[`sp_tracing::init_for_tests()`](https://paritytech.github.io/polkadot-sdk/master/sp_tracing/fn.init_for_tests.html)
for log verification in automated tests.

---------

Co-authored-by: cmd[bot] <41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

Adding chain-spec-builder as a subcommand into Polkadot omni node

Auto-update of all weights for 2025-02-21-1740149841.

Subweight results:
- [now vs
master](https://weights.tasty.limo/compare?repo=polkadot-sdk&threshold=5&path_pattern=.%2F**%2Fweights%2F**%2F*.rs%2C.%2F**%2Fweights.rs&method=asymptotic&ignore_errors=true&unit=time&old=master&new=update-weights-weekly-2025-02-21-1740149841)
- [now vs polkadot-v1.15.6
(2025-01-16)](https://weights.tasty.limo/compare?repo=polkadot-sdk&threshold=5&path_pattern=.%2F**%2Fweights%2F**%2F*.rs%2C.%2F**%2Fweights.rs&method=asymptotic&ignore_errors=true&unit=time&old=polkadot-v1.15.6&new=update-weights-weekly-2025-02-21-1740149841)
- [now vs polkadot-v1.16.2
(2024-11-14)](https://weights.tasty.limo/compare?repo=polkadot-sdk&threshold=5&path_pattern=.%2F**%2Fweights%2F**%2F*.rs%2C.%2F**%2Fweights.rs&method=asymptotic&ignore_errors=true&unit=time&old=polkadot-v1.16.2&new=update-weights-weekly-2025-02-21-1740149841)

Co-authored-by: github-actions[bot] <41898282+github-act...

Essentially, this locks `bandersnatch_vrfs` to a specific branch of a
repository I control. This is a temporary workaround to avoid issues
like https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/7653 until
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/7669 is ready.

Closes: https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/7653 

@drskalman

---------

Co-authored-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <oliver.tale-yazdi@parity.io>

Remove JS examples, they now belongs to the evm-test-suite repo

---------

Co-authored-by: cmd[bot] <41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

# Description

* This PR adds a new extrinsic `reconsider` to `pallet-indices`. This
extrinsic will be used to re-adjust the deposits made in the pallet.
* Part of #5591 

## Review Notes

* Added a new extrinsic `reconsider` in `pallet-indices`.
* Added a new event `DepositReconsidered` to be emitted upon a
successful call of the extrinsic.
* Although the immediate use of the extrinsic will be to give back some
of the deposit after the AH-migration, the extrinsic is written such
that it can work if the deposit decreases or increases (both).
* The call to the extrinsic would be `free` if an actual adjustment is
made to the deposit and `paid` otherwise.
* Added tests to test all scenarios.
* Added a benchmark to test the "worst case" (maximum compute) flow of
the extrinsic which is when the deposit amount is updated to a new
value.

## TO-DOs

* [x] Run CI cmd bot to benchmark

---------

Co-authored-by: cmd[bot] <41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

This PR updates litep2p to version 0.9.1. The yamux config is entirely
removed to mirror the libp2p yamux upstream version.
While at it, I had to bump indexmap and URL as well. 


## [0.9.1] - 2025-01-19

This release enhances compatibility between litep2p and libp2p by using
the latest Yamux upstream version. Additionally, it includes various
improvements and fixes to boost the stability and performance of the
WebSocket stream and the multistream-select protocol.

### Changed

- yamux: Switch to upstream implementation while keeping the controller
API ([#320](https://github.com/paritytech/litep2p/pull/320))
- req-resp: Replace SubstreamSet with FuturesStream
([#321](https://github.com/paritytech/litep2p/pull/321))
- cargo: Bring up to date multiple dependencies
([#324](https://github.com/paritytech/litep2p/pull/324))
- build(deps): bump hickory-proto from 0.24.1 to 0.24.3
([#323](https://github.com/paritytech/litep2p/pull/323))
- build(...

Various pallet-revive improvements

- add check for precompiles addresses,
So we can easily identify which one are being called and not supported
yet

- fixes debug_call for revert call
If a call revert we still want to get the traces for that call, that
matches geth behaviors, diff tests will be added to the test suite for
this

- fixes traces for staticcall
The call type was not always being reported properly.

---------

Co-authored-by: cmd[bot] <41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <alex.theissen@me.com>

Ref https://github.com/paritytech/ci_cd/issues/1107

We mainly need that so that we can finally compile the `pallet_revive`
fixtures on stable. I did my best to keep the commits focused on one
thing to make review easier.

All the changes are needed because rustc introduced more warnings or is
more strict about existing ones. Most of the stuff could just be fixed
and the commits should be pretty self explanatory. However, there are a
few this that are notable:

## `non_local_definitions `

A lot of runtimes to write `impl` blocks inside functions. This makes
sense to reduce the amount of conditional compilation. I guess I could
have moved them into a module instead. But I think allowing it here
makes sense to avoid the code churn.

## `unexpected_cfgs`

The FRAME macros emit code that references various features like `std`,
`runtime-benchmarks` or `try-runtime`. If a create that uses those
macros does not have those features we get this warning. Those were
mostly when ...

Related to https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/7360

Pallet-revive's README has an outdated link for dispatchables
documentation in its README. It was giving 404. Put the up-to-date one.

# Description

#6929 requests more extrinsics for "managing the network's coretime
allocations without needing to dabble with migration+runtime upgrade or
set/kill storage patterns"

This pull request implements the remove_assignment() extrinsic.


## Integration

Downstream projects need to benchmark the weight for the
remove_assignment() extrinsic.

---------

Co-authored-by: Jonathan Brown <jbrown@acuity.network>
Co-authored-by: cmd[bot] <41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Dónal Murray <donal.murray@parity.io>

# Description

#6929 requests more extrinsics for "managing the network's coretime
allocations without needing to dabble with migration+runtime upgrade or
set/kill storage patterns"

This pull request implements the remove_lease() extrinsic.


## Integration

Downstream projects need to benchmark the weight for the remove_lease()
extrinsic.

## Review Notes

Mentorship is requested to ensure this is implemented correctly.

The lease is removed from state using the TaskId as a key. Is this
sufficient. Does the extrinsic need to do anything else?

---------

Co-authored-by: Jonathan Brown <jbrown@acuity.network>
Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <git@kchr.de>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>
Co-authored-by: Dónal Murray <donalm@seadanda.dev>
Co-authored-by: cmd[bot] <41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Dónal Murray <donal.murray@parity.io>

Related to https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/7360

Derive `DecodeWithMemTracking` for the structures in the cumulus pallets
and for the structures in the `polkadot-sdk` runtimes.

The PR contains no functional changes and no manual implementation. Just
deriving `DecodeWithMemTracking`.

#### Overview

This pull request refactors the transaction pool `graph` module by
renaming components for better clarity. The `EventHandler` trait was
introduced to enhance flexibility in handling transaction lifecycle
events. Changes include renaming `graph::Listener` to
`graph::EventDispatcher` and moving certain functionalities from `graph`
to `view` module in order to decouple `graph` from `view`-related
specifics.

This PR does not introduce changes in the logic.

#### Notes for Reviewers
All the changes looks dense at first, but in fact following was done:
- The `graph::Listener` was renamed to
[`graph::EventDispatcher`](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/blob/515cb404/substrate/client/transaction-pool/src/graph/listener.rs#L74C12-L74C27),
to better reflect its role in dispatching transaction-related events
from `ValidatedPool`. The `EventDispatcher` now utilizes the `L:
EventHandler` generic type to handle transaction status events.
- The new
[`EventHandler`](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/blob/515cb404/substrate/client/transaction-pool/src/graph/listener.rs#L34)
trait was introduced to handle transaction lifecycle events, improving
implementation flexibility and providing clearer role descriptions
within the system. Introduction of this trait allowed the removal of
`View` related entities (e.g. streams) from the `ValidatedPool`'s event
dispatcher (previously _listener_).
- The _dropped monitoring_ and _aggregated events_ stream
[functionalities](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/blob/515cb404/substrate/client/transaction-pool/src/fork_aware_txpool/view.rs#L157-L188)
and [related
types](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/blob/515cb404/substrate/client/transaction-pool/src/fork_aware_txpool/view.rs#L112-L121)
were moved from `graph::listener` to the `view` module. The
[`ViewPoolObserver`](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/blob/515cb404

/substrate/client/transaction-pool/src/fork_aware_txpool/view.rs#L128C19-L128C35),
which implements `EventHandler`, now provides the implementation of
streams feeding.
- Fields, arguments, and variables previously named `listener` were
renamed to `event_dispatcher` to align with their purpose and type
naming.
- Various structs such as `Pool` and `ValidatedPool` were updated to
include a generic `L: EventHandler` across the codebase.

---------

Co-authored-by: cmd[bot] <41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Iulian Barbu <14218860+iulianbarbu@users.noreply.github.com>

This PR adds implementation of `Ord, Eq, PartialOrd, PartialEq` traits
for [`HashAndNumber`
](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/blob/6e645915

/substrate/primitives/blockchain/src/header_metadata.rs#L149-L154)
struct.

---------

Co-authored-by: cmd[bot] <41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

Related to https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/7360

This PR implements `DecodeWithMemTracking` for the types in the frame
pallets

The PR is verbose, but it's very simple. `DecodeWithMemTracking` is
simply derived for most of the types. There are only 3 exceptions which
are isolated into 2 separate commits.

Add a new extrinsic `dispatch_as_fallible`.

It's almost the same as [`Pallet::dispatch_as`] but forwards any error
of the inner call.

Closes #219.

And add more unit tests to cover `dispatch_as` and
`dispatch_as_fallible`.

---

Polkadot address: 156HGo9setPcU2qhFMVWLkcmtCEGySLwNqa3DaEiYSWtte4Y

---------

Signed-off-by: Xavier Lau <x@acg.box>
Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <git@kchr.de>
Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <info@kchr.de>
Co-authored-by: cmd[bot] <41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

Moving exec tests into a new file

---------

Co-authored-by: cmd[bot] <41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <alex.theissen@me.com>

closes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/6508.

## TODO
- [x] Migrate storage `DisabledValidators` both in pallet-session and
pallet-staking.
- [ ] Test that disabled validator resets at era change.
- [ ] Add always sorted try-runtime test for `DisabledValidators`.
- [ ] More test coverage for the disabling logic.

---------

Co-authored-by: Gonçalo Pestana <g6pestana@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>
Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <5588131+kianenigma@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Guillaume Thiolliere <gui.thiolliere@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: kianenigma <kian@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: Giuseppe Re <giuseppe.re@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: cmd[bot] <41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

Recreation of https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/7357 on
top of master. The old PR messes up the git history too much so I am
recreating it from scratch.

This PR is work in progress. It's purpose is to commit initial structure
of `pallet-staking-ah-client` and `pallet-staking-rc-client` to master.
The changes will be polished by a follow up PRs which will be
backported.

Related issues: https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/6167
and https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/6166

This PR introduces the initial structure for `pallet-ah-client` and
`pallet-rc-client`. These pallets will reside on the relay chain and
AssetHub, respectively, and will manage the interaction between
`pallet-session` on the relay chain and `pallet-staking` on AssetHub.

Both pallets are experimental and not intended for production use.

TODOs:
- [ ] Probably handle
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/6344 here.

---------

Co-authored-by: cmd[bot] <41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Ankan <10196091+Ank4n@users.noreply.github.com>

closes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3610.

helps https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/6344, but need
to migrate storage `Offences::Reports` before we can remove exposure
dependency in RC pallets.

replaces https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/6788.

## Context  
Slashing in staking is unbounded currently, which is a major blocker
until staking can move to a parachain (AH).

### Current Slashing Process (Unbounded)  

1. **Offence Reported**  
- Offences include multiple validators, each with potentially large
exposure pages.
- Slashes are **computed immediately** and scheduled for application
after **28 eras**.

2. **Slash Applied**  
- All unapplied slashes are executed in **one block** at the start of
the **28th era**. This is an **unbounded operation**.


### Proposed Slashing Process (Bounded)  

1. **Offence Queueing**  
   - Offences are **queued** after basic sanity checks.  

2. **Paged Offence Processing (Computing Slash)**  
   - Slashes are **computed one validator exposure page at a time**.  
   - **Unapplied slashes** are stored in a **double map**:  
     - **Key 1 (k1):** `EraIndex`  
- **Key 2 (k2):** `(Validator, SlashFraction, PageIndex)` — a unique
identifier for each slash page

3. **Paged Slash Application**  
- Slashes are **applied one page at a time** across multiple blocks.
- Slash application starts at the **27th era** (one era earlier than
before) to ensure all slashes are applied **before stakers can unbond**
(which starts from era 28 onwards).

---

## Worst-Case Block Calculation for Slash Application  

### Polkadot:  
- **1 era = 24 hours**, **1 block = 6s** → **14,400 blocks/era**  
- On parachains (**12s blocks**) → **7,200 blocks/era**  

### Kusama:  
- **1 era = 6 hours**, **1 block = 6s** → **3,600 blocks/era**  
- On parachains (**12s blocks**) → **1,800 blocks/era**  

### Worst-Case Assumptions:  
- **Total stakers:** 40,000 nominators, 1000 validators. (Polkadot
currently has ~23k nominators and 500 validators)
- **Max slashed:** 50% so 20k nominators, 250 validators.  
- **Page size:** Validators with multiple page: (512 + 1)/2 = 256 ,
Validators with single page: 1

### Calculation:  
There might be a more accurate way to calculate this worst-case number,
and this estimate could be significantly higher than necessary, but it
shouldn’t exceed this value.

Blocks needed: 250 + 20k/256 = ~330 blocks.

##  *Potential Improvement:*  
- Consider adding an **Offchain Worker (OCW)** task to further optimize
slash application in future updates.
- Dynamically batch unapplied slashes based on number of nominators in
the page, or process until reserved weight limit is exhausted.

----
## Summary of Changes  

### Storage  
- **New:**  
  - `OffenceQueue` *(StorageDoubleMap)*  
    - **K1:** Era  
    - **K2:** Offending validator account  
    - **V:** `OffenceRecord`  
  - `OffenceQueueEras` *(StorageValue)*  
    - **V:** `BoundedVec<EraIndex, BoundingDuration>`  
  - `ProcessingOffence` *(StorageValue)*  
    - **V:** `(Era, offending validator account, OffenceRecord)`  

- **Changed:**  
  - `UnappliedSlashes`:  
    - **Old:** `StorageMap<K -> Era, V -> Vec<UnappliedSlash>>`  
- **New:** `StorageDoubleMap<K1 -> Era, K2 -> (validator_acc, perbill,
page_index), V -> UnappliedSlash>`

### Events  
- **New:**  
  - `SlashComputed { offence_era, slash_era, offender, page }`  
  - `SlashCancelled { slash_era, slash_key, payout }`  

### Error  
- **Changed:**  
  - `InvalidSlashIndex` → Renamed to `InvalidSlashRecord`  
- **Removed:**  
  - `NotSortedAndUnique`  
- **Added:**  
  - `EraNotStarted`  

### Call  
- **Changed:**  
  - `cancel_deferred_slash(era, slash_indices: Vec<u32>)`  
    → Now takes `Vec<(validator_acc, slash_fraction, page_index)>`  
- **New:**  
- `apply_slash(slash_era, slash_key: (validator_acc, slash_fraction,
page_index))`

### Runtime Config  
- `FullIdentification` is now set to a unit type (`()`) / null identity,
replacing the previous exposure type for all runtimes using
`pallet_session::historical`.

## TODO
- [x] Fixed broken `CancelDeferredSlashes`.
- [x] Ensure on_offence called only with validator account for
identification everywhere.
- [ ] Ensure we never need to read full exposure.
- [x] Tests for multi block processing and application of slash.
- [x] Migrate UnappliedSlashes 
- [x] Bench (crude, needs proper bench as followup)
  - [x] on_offence()
  - [x] process_offence()
  - [x] apply_slash()
 
 
## Followups (tracker
[link](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/7596))
- [ ] OCW task to process offence + apply slashes.
- [ ] Minimum time for governance to cancel deferred slash.
- [ ] Allow root or staking admin to add a custom slash.
- [ ] Test HistoricalSession proof works fine with eras before removing
exposure as full identity.
- [ ] Properly bench offence processing and slashing.
- [ ] Handle Offences::Reports migration when removing validator
exposure as identity.

---------

Co-authored-by: Gonçalo Pestana <g6pestana@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>
Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <5588131+kianenigma@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Guillaume Thiolliere <gui.thiolliere@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: kianenigma <kian@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: Giuseppe Re <giuseppe.re@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: cmd[bot] <41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

# Description

resolve #6468



# Checklist

* [x] My PR includes a detailed description as outlined in the
"Description" and its two subsections above.
* [x] My PR follows the [labeling requirements](

https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/blob/master/docs/contributor/CONTRIBUTING.md#Process
) of this project (at minimum one label for `T` required)
* External contributors: ask maintainers to put the right label on your
PR.
* [x] I have made corresponding changes to the documentation (if
applicable)
* [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works (if applicable)

---------

Co-authored-by: command-bot <>

Implements the `web3_clientVersion` method. This is a common requirement
for external Ethereum libraries when querying a client.

Fixes paritytech/contract-issues#26.

---------

Co-authored-by: cmd[bot] <41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

This PR modifies the libp2p networking-specific log targets for granular
control (e.g., just enabling trace for req-resp).

Previously, all logs were outputted to `sub-libp2p` target, flooding the
log messages on busy validators.

### Changes
- Discover: `sub-libp2p::discovery`
- Notification/behaviour: `sub-libp2p::notification::behaviour`
- Notification/handler: `sub-libp2p::notification::handler`
- Notification/service: `sub-libp2p::notification::service`
- Notification/upgrade: `sub-libp2p::notification::upgrade`
- Request response: `sub-libp2p::request-response`

cc @paritytech/networking

---------

Signed-off-by: Alexandru Vasile <alexandru.vasile@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: Dmitry Markin <dmitry@markin.tech>