Removes transient code introduced to clean up offchain database after
`im-online` pallet removal.

Should be merged after #2290 has been enacted.

This PR adds a new extrinsic `Call::restore_ledger ` gated by
`StakingAdmin` origin that restores a corrupted staking ledger. This
extrinsic will be used to recover ledgers that were affected by the
issue discussed in
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3245.

The extrinsic will re-write the storage items associated with a stash
account provided as input parameter. The data used to reset the ledger
can be either i) fetched on-chain or ii) partially/totally set by the
input parameters of the call.

In order to use on-chain data to restore the staking locks, we need a
way to read the current lock in the balances pallet. This PR adds a
`InspectLockableCurrency` trait and implements it in the pallet
balances. An alternative would be to tightly couple staking with the
pallet balances but that's inelegant (an example of how it would look
like in [this
branch](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/tree/gpestana/ledger-badstate-clean_tightly)).

More details on the type of corruptions and corresponding fixes
https://hackmd.io/DLb5jEYWSmmvqXC9ae4yRg?view#/

We verified that the `Call::restore_ledger` does fix all current
corrupted ledgers in Polkadot and Kusama. You can verify it here
https://hackmd.io/v-XNrEoGRpe7APR-EZGhOA.

**Changes introduced**
- Adds `Call::restore_ledger ` extrinsic to recover a corrupted ledger;
- Adds trait `frame_support::traits::currency::InspectLockableCurrency`
to allow external pallets to read current locks given an account and
lock ID;
- Implements the `InspectLockableCurrency` in the pallet-balances.
- Adds staking locks try-runtime checks
(https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3751)

**Todo**
- [x] benchmark `Call::restore_ledger`
- [x] throughout testing of all ledger recovering cases
- [x] consider adding the staking locks try-runtime checks to this PR
(https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3751)
- [x] simulate restoring all ledgers
(https://hackmd.io/Dsa2tvhISNSs7zcqriTaxQ?view) in Polkadot and Kusama
using chopsticks -- https://hackmd.io/v-XNrEoGRpe7APR-EZGhOA

Related to https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3245
Closes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3751

---------

Co-authored-by: command-bot <>

This will make it possible to use remaining weight on idle for
processing enqueued messages.
More context here https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3709

---------

Co-authored-by: Adrian Catangiu <[email protected]>

This works only for collators that implement the `collator_fn` allowing
`collation-generation` subsystem to pull collations triggered on new
heads.

Also enables
`request_v2::CollationFetchingResponse::CollationWithParentHeadData` for
test adder/undying collators.

TODO:
- [x] fix tests
- [x] new tests
- [x] PR doc

---------

Signed-off-by: Andrei Sandu <[email protected]>

`execute` and `send` try to decode the xcm in the parameters before
reaching the filter line.
The new extrinsics decode only after the filter line.
These should be used instead of the old ones.

## TODO
- [x] Tests
- [x] Generate weights
- [x] Deprecation issue ->
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3771
- [x] PRDoc
- [x] Handle error in pallet-contracts

This would make writing XCMs in PJS Apps more difficult, but here's the
fix for that: https://github.com/polkadot-js/apps/pull/10350.
Already deployed! https://polkadot.js.org/apps/#/utilities/xcm

Supersedes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/1798/

---------

Co-authored-by: PG Herveou <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>
Co-authored-by: Adrian Catangiu <[email protected]>

The PR provides API for obtaining:
- the weight required to execute an XCM message,
- a list of acceptable `AssetId`s for message execution payment,
- the cost of the weight in the specified acceptable `AssetId`.

It is meant to address an issue where one has to guess how much fee to
pay for execution. Also, at the moment, a client has to guess which
assets are acceptable for fee execution payment.
See the related issue
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/690.
With this API, a client is supposed to query the list of the supported
asset IDs (in the XCM version format the client understands), weigh the
XCM program the client wants to execute and convert the weight into one
of the acceptable assets. Note that the client is supposed to know what
program will be executed on what chains. However, having a small
companion JS library for the pallet-xcm and xtokens should be enough to
determine what XCM programs will be executed and where (since these
pallets compose a known small set of programs).
```Rust
pub trait XcmPaymentApi<Call>
	where
		Call: Codec,
	{
		/// Returns a list of acceptable payment assets.
		///
		/// # Arguments
		///
		/// * `xcm_version`: Version.
		fn query_acceptable_payment_assets(xcm_version: Version) -> Result<Vec<VersionedAssetId>, Error>;
		/// Returns a weight needed to execute a XCM.
		///
		/// # Arguments
		///
		/// * `message`: `VersionedXcm`.
		fn query_xcm_weight(message: VersionedXcm<Call>) -> Result<Weight, Error>;
		/// Converts a weight into a fee for the specified `AssetId`.
		///
		/// # Arguments
		///
		/// * `weight`: convertible `Weight`.
		/// * `asset`: `VersionedAssetId`.
		fn query_weight_to_asset_fee(weight: Weight, asset: VersionedAssetId) -> Result<u128, Error>;
		/// Get delivery fees for sending a specific `message` to a `destination`.
		/// These always come in a specific asset, defined by the chain.
		///
		/// # Arguments
		/// * `message`: The message that'll be sent, necessary because most delivery fees are based on the
		///   size of the message.
		/// * `destination`: The destination to send the message to. Different destinations may use
		///   different senders that charge different fees.
		fn query_delivery_fees(destination: VersionedLocation, message: VersionedXcm<()>) -> Result<VersionedAssets, Error>;
	}
```
An
[example](https://gist.github.com/PraetorP/4bc323ff85401abe253897ba990ec29d)
of a client side code.

---------

Co-authored-by: Francisco Aguirre <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Adrian Catangiu <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Daniel Shiposha <[email protected]>

This PR notifies broker pallet for any parachain slot swaps performed on
the relay chain. This is achieved by registering an `OnSwap` for the the
`coretime` pallet. The hook sends XCM message to the broker chain and
invokes a new extrinsic `swap_leases` which updates `Leases` storage
item (which keeps the legacy parachain leases).

I made two assumptions in this PR:
1.
[`Leases`](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/blob/4987d798/substrate/frame/broker/src/lib.rs#L120)
in `broker` pallet and
[`Leases`](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/blob/4987d798

/polkadot/runtime/common/src/slots/mod.rs#L118)
in `slots` pallet are in sync.
2. `swap_leases` extrinsic from `broker` pallet can be triggered only by
root or by the XCM message from the relay chain. If not - the extrinsic
will generate an error and do nothing.

As a side effect from the changes `OnSwap` trait is moved from
runtime/common/traits.rs to runtime/parachains. Otherwise it is not
accessible from `broker` pallet.

Closes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3552

TODOs:

- [x] Weights
- [x] Tests

---------

Co-authored-by: command-bot <>
Co-authored-by: eskimor <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

**Update:** Pushed additional changes based on the review comments.

**This pull request fixes various spelling mistakes in this
repository.**

Most of the changes are contained in the first **3** commits:

- `Fix spelling mistakes in comments and docs`

- `Fix spelling mistakes in test names`

- `Fix spelling mistakes in error messages, panic messages, logs and
tracing`

Other source code spelling mistakes are separated into individual
commits for easier reviewing:

- `Fix the spelling of 'authority'`

- `Fix the spelling of 'REASONABLE_HEADERS_IN_JUSTIFICATION_ANCESTRY'`

- `Fix the spelling of 'prev_enqueud_messages'`

- `Fix the spelling of 'endpoint'`

- `Fix the spelling of 'children'`

- `Fix the spelling of 'PenpalSiblingSovereignAccount'`

- `Fix the spelling of 'PenpalSudoAccount'`

- `Fix the spelling of 'insufficient'`

- `Fix the spelling of 'PalletXcmExtrinsicsBenchmark'`

- `Fix the spelling of 'subtracted'`

- `Fix the spelling of 'CandidatePendingAvailability'`

- `Fix the spelling of 'exclusive'`

- `Fix the spelling of 'until'`

- `Fix the spelling of 'discriminator'`

- `Fix the spelling of 'nonexistent'`

- `Fix the spelling of 'subsystem'`

- `Fix the spelling of 'indices'`

- `Fix the spelling of 'committed'`

- `Fix the spelling of 'topology'`

- `Fix the spelling of 'response'`

- `Fix the spelling of 'beneficiary'`

- `Fix the spelling of 'formatted'`

- `Fix the spelling of 'UNKNOWN_PROOF_REQUEST'`

- `Fix the spelling of 'succeeded'`

- `Fix the spelling of 'reopened'`

- `Fix the spelling of 'proposer'`

- `Fix the spelling of 'InstantiationNonce'`

- `Fix the spelling of 'depositor'`

- `Fix the spelling of 'expiration'`

- `Fix the spelling of 'phantom'`

- `Fix the spelling of 'AggregatedKeyValue'`

- `Fix the spelling of 'randomness'`

- `Fix the spelling of 'defendant'`

- `Fix the spelling of 'AquaticMammal'`

- `Fix the spelling of 'transactions'`

- `Fix the spelling of 'PassingTracingSubscriber'`

- `Fix the spelling of 'TxSignaturePayload'`

- `Fix the spelling of 'versioning'`

- `Fix the spelling of 'descendant'`

- `Fix the spelling of 'overridden'`

- `Fix the spelling of 'network'`

Let me know if this structure is adequate.

**Note:** The usage of the words `Merkle`, `Merkelize`, `Merklization`,
`Merkelization`, `Merkleization`, is somewhat inconsistent but I left it
as it is.

~~**Note:** In some places the term `Receival` is used to refer to
message reception, IMO `Reception` is the correct word here, but I left
it as it is.~~

~~**Note:** In some places the term `Overlayed` is used instead of the
more acceptable version `Overlaid` but I also left it as it is.~~

~~**Note:** In some places the term `Applyable` is used instead of the
correct version `Applicable` but I also left it as it is.~~

**Note:** Some usage of British vs American english e.g. `judgement` vs
`judgment`, `initialise` vs `initialize`, `optimise` vs `optimize` etc.
are both present in different places, but I suppose that's
understandable given the number of contributors.

~~**Note:** There is a spelling mistake in `.github/CODEOWNERS` but it
triggers errors in CI when I make changes to it, so I left it as it
is.~~

Fixes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3762 .

---------

Co-authored-by: eskimor <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Adrian Catangiu <[email protected]>

Based on issue
[#2512](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/2512), it
seems that some ecosystem teams are using these networks to set up their
staging environments and test certain use cases, some of them involving
sending XCMs from the relay with origins not allowed in the current
configuration.

This change reverts the configuration of `SendXcmOrigin`.

---------

Co-authored-by: Adrian Catangiu <[email protected]>

Changes needed to implement the runtime part of elastic scaling:
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3131,
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3132,
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3202

Also fixes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3675

TODOs:

- [x] storage migration
- [x] optimise process_candidates from O(N^2)
- [x] drop backable candidates which form cycles
- [x] fix unit tests
- [x] add more unit tests
- [x] check the runtime APIs which use the pending availability storage.
We need to expose all of them, see
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3576
- [x] optimise the candidate selection. we're currently picking randomly
until we satisfy the weight limit. we need to be smart about not
breaking candidate chains while being fair to all paras -
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/3573

Relies on the changes made in
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/3233 in terms of the
inclusion policy and the candidate ordering

---------

Signed-off-by: alindima <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>
Co-authored-by: eskimor <[email protected]>

This PR backports:
- node version bump
- `spec_vesion` bump
- reordering of the `prdocs` to the appropriate folder
from the `1.9.0` release branch

Step in https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3688

We witnessed really poor performance on Rococo, where we ended up with
50 on-demand cores. This was due to the fact that for each core the full
queue was processed. With this change full queue processing will happen
way less often (most of the time complexity is O(1) or O(log(n))) and if
it happens then only for one core (in expectation).

Also spot price is now updated before each order to ensure economic back
pressure.


TODO:

- [x] Implement
- [x] Basic tests
- [x] Add more tests (see todos)
- [x] Run benchmark to confirm better performance, first results suggest
> 100x faster.
- [x] Write migrations
- [x] Bump scale-info version and remove patch in Cargo.toml
- [x] Write PR docs: on-demand performance improved, more on-demand
cores are now non problematic anymore. If need by also the max queue
size can be increased again. (Maybe not to 10k)

Optional: Performance can be improved even more, if we called
`pop_assignment_for_core()`, before calling `report_processed` (Avoid
needless affinity drops). The effect gets smaller the larger the claim
queue and I would only go for it, if it does not add complexity to the
scheduler.

---------

Co-authored-by: eskimor <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: antonva <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>
Co-authored-by: Anton Vilhelm Ásgeirsson <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: ordian <[email protected]>

The PR adds two things:
1. Runtime API exposing the whole claim queue
2. Consumes the API in `collation-generation` to fetch the next
scheduled `ParaEntry` for an occupied core.

Related to https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/1797

Introduces `CryptoBytes` type defined as:

```rust
pub struct CryptoBytes<const N: usize, Tag = ()>(pub [u8; N], PhantomData<fn() -> Tag>);
```

The type implements a bunch of methods and traits which are typically
expected from a byte array newtype
(NOTE: some of the methods and trait implementations IMO are a bit
redundant, but I decided to maintain them all to not change too much
stuff in this PR)

It also introduces two (generic) typical consumers of `CryptoBytes`:
`PublicBytes` and `SignatureBytes`.

```rust
pub struct PublicTag;
pub PublicBytes<const N: usize, CryptoTag> = CryptoBytes<N, (PublicTag, CryptoTag)>;

pub struct SignatureTag;
pub SignatureBytes<const N: usize, CryptoTag> = CryptoBytes<N, (SignatureTag, CryptoTag)>;
```

Both of them use a tag to differentiate the two types at a higher level.
Downstream specializations will further specialize using a dedicated
crypto tag. For example in ECDSA:


```rust
pub struct EcdsaTag;

pub type Public = PublicBytes<PUBLIC_KEY_SERIALIZED_SIZE, EcdsaTag>;
pub type Signature = PublicBytes<PUBLIC_KEY_SERIALIZED_SIZE, EcdsaTag>;
```

Overall we have a cleaner and most importantly **consistent** code for
all the types involved

All these details are opaque to the end user which can use `Public` and
`Signature` for the cryptos as before

Part of #3326 

cc @Kianenigma @ggwpez @liamaharon

 

polkadot address: 12poSUQPtcF1HUPQGY3zZu2P8emuW9YnsPduA4XG3oCEfJVp

---------

Signed-off-by: Matteo Muraca <[email protected]>

Currently the xcm-executor returns an `Unimplemented` error if it
receives any HRMP-related instruction.
What I propose here, which is what we are currently doing in our forked
executor at polimec, is to introduce a trait implemented by the executor
which will handle those instructions.

This way, if parachains want to keep the default behavior, they just use
`()` and it will return unimplemented, but they can also implement their
own logic to establish HRMP channels with other chains in an automated
fashion, without requiring to go through governance.

Our implementation is mentioned in the [polkadot HRMP
docs](https://arc.net/l/quote/hduiivbu), and it was suggested to us to
submit a PR to add these changes to polkadot-sdk.

---------

Co-authored-by: Branislav Kontur <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>

Crowdloan account should burn all funds after a crowd loan got dissolved
to ensure that the account is reaped correctly.

---------

Signed-off-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Francisco Aguirre <[email protected]>

Extracted Benchbuilder enhancements used in
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/3644 . Might still
require some work to fully support all scenarios when disputing elastic
scaling parachains, but it should be useful in writing elastic scaling
runtime tests.

---------

Signed-off-by: Andrei Sandu <[email protected]>

Step in https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/171

This PR removes `as [disambiguation_path]` syntax from `derive_impl`
usage across the polkadot-sdk as introduced in
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/3505

Make Rococo & Westend XCM's location converter `HashedDescription` more
in line with Polkadot/Kusama runtimes.

Co-authored-by: Muharem <[email protected]>

Revert "FRAME: Create `TransactionExtension` as a replacement for `SignedExtension` (#2280)" (#3665)

This PR reverts #2280 which introduced `TransactionExtension` to replace
`SignedExtension`.

As a result of the discussion
[here](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/3623#issuecomment-1986789700),
the changes will be reverted for now with plans to reintroduce the
concept in the future.

---------

Signed-off-by: georgepisaltu <[email protected]>

Fixes some typos, outdated comments and test asserts. Also uses safe
math and `defensive` for arithmetic operations.

Signed-off-by: cuinix <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

Closes #376

---------

Co-authored-by: command-bot <>

Deprecate the `xcm::body::TREASURER_INDEX` constant and use the standard
Treasury variant from the `xcm::BodyId` type instead.

To align with the production runtimes:
https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/runtimes/pull/149

Changes the way we perform the random selection of backed candidates
when there isn't enough room for all of them. Instead of picking
individual backed candidates `apply_weight` now operates on chains of
candidates. This is fully backwards compatible and relies on the node
side (provisioner/prospective parachains) doing the heavy lifting and
providing the candidates in the order they form a chain.

The same approach can be implemented for bitfields random selection once
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/3479 is merged.

The approach taken in this PR aims for reduced additional complexity at
the cost of being less fair wrt how many backed candidates from each
chain are picked. It favors elastic scaling parachains vs parachains not
using elastic scaling, but from my perspective it should be fine as this
should happen under exceptional circumstances like dispute storms.

Note: to make things more fair we can consider specializing `random_sel`
such that it will try to pick candidates one by one in the order
provided by the provisioner such that non elastic scaling parachains
have the same chance of getting a candidate backed.

---------

Signed-off-by: Andrei Sandu <[email protected]>

Closes #2160

First part of [Extrinsic
Horizon](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/2415)

Introduces a new trait `TransactionExtension` to replace
`SignedExtension`. Introduce the idea of transactions which obey the
runtime's extensions and have according Extension data (né Extra data)
yet do not have hard-coded signatures.

Deprecate the terminology of "Unsigned" when used for
transactions/extrinsics owing to there now being "proper" unsigned
transactions which obey the extension framework and "old-style" unsigned
which do not. Instead we have __*General*__ for the former and
__*Bare*__ for the latter. (Ultimately, the latter will be phased out as
a type of transaction, and Bare will only be used for Inherents.)

Types of extrinsic are now therefore:
- Bare (no hardcoded signature, no Extra data; used to be known as
"Unsigned")
- Bare transactions (deprecated): Gossiped, validated with
`ValidateUnsigned` (deprecated) and the `_bare_compat` bits of
`TransactionExtension` (deprecated).
  - Inherents: Not gossiped, validated with `ProvideInherent`.
- Extended (Extra data): Gossiped, validated via `TransactionExtension`.
  - Signed transactions (with a hardcoded signature).
  - General transactions (without a hardcoded signature).

`TransactionExtension` differs from `SignedExtension` because:
- A signature on the underlying transaction may validly not be present.
- It may alter the origin during validation.
- `pre_dispatch` is renamed to `prepare` and need not contain the checks
present in `validate`.
- `validate` and `prepare` is passed an `Origin` rather than a
`AccountId`.
- `validate` may pass arbitrary information into `prepare` via a new
user-specifiable type `Val`.
- `AdditionalSigned`/`additional_signed` is renamed to
`Implicit`/`implicit`. It is encoded *for the entire transaction* and
passed in to each extension as a new argument to `validate`. This
facilitates the ability of extensions to acts as underlying crypto.

There is a new `DispatchTransaction` trait which contains only default
function impls and is impl'ed for any `TransactionExtension` impler. It
provides several utility functions which reduce some of the tedium from
using `TransactionExtension` (indeed, none of its regular functions
should now need to be called directly).

Three transaction version discriminator ("versions") are now
permissible:
- 0b000000100: Bare (used to be called "Unsigned"): contains Signature
or Extra (extension data). After bare transactions are no longer
supported, this will strictly identify an Inherents only.
- 0b100000100: Old-school "Signed" Transaction: contains Signature and
Extra (extension data).
- 0b010000100: New-school "General" Transaction: contains Extra
(extension data), but no Signature.

For the New-school General Transaction, it becomes trivial for authors
to publish extensions to the mechanism for authorizing an Origin, e.g.
through new kinds of key-signing schemes, ZK proofs, pallet state,
mutations over pre-authenticated origins or any combination of the
above.

## Code Migration

### NOW: Getting it to build

Wrap your `SignedExtension`s in `AsTransactionExtension`. This should be
accompanied by renaming your aggregate type in line with the new
terminology. E.g. Before:

```rust
/// The SignedExtension to the basic transaction logic.
pub type SignedExtra = (
	/* snip */
	MySpecialSignedExtension,
);
/// Unchecked extrinsic type as expected by this runtime.
pub type UncheckedExtrinsic =
	generic::UncheckedExtrinsic<Address, RuntimeCall, Signature, SignedExtra>;
```

After:

```rust
/// The extension to the basic transaction logic.
pub type TxExtension = (
	/* snip */
	AsTransactionExtension<MySpecialSignedExtension>,
);
/// Unchecked extrinsic type as expected by this runtime.
pub type UncheckedExtrinsic =
	generic::UncheckedExtrinsic<Address, RuntimeCall, Signature, TxExtension>;
```

You'll also need to alter any transaction building logic to add a
`.into()` to make the conversion happen. E.g. Before:

```rust
fn construct_extrinsic(
		/* snip */
) -> UncheckedExtrinsic {
	let extra: SignedExtra = (
		/* snip */
		MySpecialSignedExtension::new(/* snip */),
	);
	let payload = SignedPayload::new(call.clone(), extra.clone()).unwrap();
	let signature = payload.using_encoded(|e| sender.sign(e));
	UncheckedExtrinsic::new_signed(
		/* snip */
		Signature::Sr25519(signature),
		extra,
	)
}
```

After:

```rust
fn construct_extrinsic(
		/* snip */
) -> UncheckedExtrinsic {
	let tx_ext: TxExtension = (
		/* snip */
		MySpecialSignedExtension::new(/* snip */).into(),
	);
	let payload = SignedPayload::new(call.clone(), tx_ext.clone()).unwrap();
	let signature = payload.using_encoded(|e| sender.sign(e));
	UncheckedExtrinsic::new_signed(
		/* snip */
		Signature::Sr25519(signature),
		tx_ext,
	)
}
```

### SOON: Migrating to `TransactionExtension`

Most `SignedExtension`s can be trivially converted to become a
`TransactionExtension`. There are a few things to know.

- Instead of a single trait like `SignedExtension`, you should now
implement two traits individually: `TransactionExtensionBase` and
`TransactionExtension`.
- Weights are now a thing and must be provided via the new function `fn
weight`.

#### `TransactionExtensionBase`

This trait takes care of anything which is not dependent on types
specific to your runtime, most notably `Call`.

- `AdditionalSigned`/`additional_signed` is renamed to
`Implicit`/`implicit`.
- Weight must be returned by implementing the `weight` function. If your
extension is associated with a pallet, you'll probably want to do this
via the pallet's existing benchmarking infrastructure.

#### `TransactionExtension`

Generally:
- `pre_dispatch` is now `prepare` and you *should not reexecute the
`validate` functionality in there*!
- You don't get an account ID any more; you get an origin instead. If
you need to presume an account ID, then you can use the trait function
`AsSystemOriginSigner::as_system_origin_signer`.
- You get an additional ticket, similar to `Pre`, called `Val`. This
defines data which is passed from `validate` into `prepare`. This is
important since you should not be duplicating logic from `validate` to
`prepare`, you need a way of passing your working from the former into
the latter. This is it.
- This trait takes two type parameters: `Call` and `Context`. `Call` is
the runtime call type which used to be an associated type; you can just
move it to become a type parameter for your trait impl. `Context` is not
currently used and you can safely implement over it as an unbounded
type.
- There's no `AccountId` associated type any more. Just remove it.

Regarding `validate`:
- You get three new parameters in `validate`; all can be ignored when
migrating from `SignedExtension`.
- `validate` returns a tuple on success; the second item in the tuple is
the new ticket type `Self::Val` which gets passed in to `prepare`. If
you use any information extracted during `validate` (off-chain and
on-chain, non-mutating) in `prepare` (on-chain, mutating) then you can
pass it through with this. For the tuple's last item, just return the
`origin` argument.

Regarding `prepare`:
- This is renamed from `pre_dispatch`, but there is one change:
- FUNCTIONALITY TO VALIDATE THE TRANSACTION NEED NOT BE DUPLICATED FROM
`validate`!!
- (This is different to `SignedExtension` which was required to run the
same checks in `pre_dispatch` as in `validate`.)

Regarding `post_dispatch`:
- Since there are no unsigned transactions handled by
`TransactionExtension`, `Pre` is always defined, so the first parameter
is `Self::Pre` rather than `Option<Self::Pre>`.

If you make use of `SignedExtension::validate_unsigned` or
`SignedExtension::pre_dispatch_unsigned`, then:
- Just use the regular versions of these functions instead.
- Have your logic execute in the case that the `origin` is `None`.
- Ensure your transaction creation logic creates a General Transaction
rather than a Bare Transaction; this means having to include all
`TransactionExtension`s' data.
- `ValidateUnsigned` can still be used (for now) if you need to be able
to construct transactions which contain none of the extension data,
however these will be phased out in stage 2 of the Transactions Horizon,
so you should consider moving to an extension-centric design.

## TODO

- [x] Introduce `CheckSignature` impl of `TransactionExtension` to
ensure it's possible to have crypto be done wholly in a
`TransactionExtension`.
- [x] Deprecate `SignedExtension` and move all uses in codebase to
`TransactionExtension`.
  - [x] `ChargeTransactionPayment`
  - [x] `DummyExtension`
  - [x] `ChargeAssetTxPayment` (asset-tx-payment)
  - [x] `ChargeAssetTxPayment` (asset-conversion-tx-payment)
  - [x] `CheckWeight`
  - [x] `CheckTxVersion`
  - [x] `CheckSpecVersion`
  - [x] `CheckNonce`
  - [x] `CheckNonZeroSender`
  - [x] `CheckMortality`
  - [x] `CheckGenesis`
  - [x] `CheckOnlySudoAccount`
  - [x] `WatchDummy`
  - [x] `PrevalidateAttests`
  - [x] `GenericSignedExtension`
  - [x] `SignedExtension` (chain-polkadot-bulletin)
  - [x] `RefundSignedExtensionAdapter`
- [x] Implement `fn weight` across the board.
- [ ] Go through all pre-existing extensions which assume an account
signer and explicitly handle the possibility of another kind of origin.
- [x] `CheckNonce` should probably succeed in the case of a non-account
origin.
- [x] `CheckNonZeroSender` should succeed in the case of a non-account
origin.
- [x] `ChargeTransactionPayment` and family should fail in the case of a
non-account origin.
  - [ ] 
- [x] Fix any broken tests.

---------

Signed-off-by: georgepisaltu <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Alexandru Vasile <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Alexandru Gheorghe <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Andrei Sandu <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Nikhil Gupta <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: georgepisaltu <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Chevdor <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Maciej <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Javier Viola <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Marcin S. <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Tsvetomir Dimitrov <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Javier Bullrich <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Koute <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Adrian Catangiu <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Vladimir Istyufeev <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Ross Bulat <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Gonçalo Pestana <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Liam Aharon <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Svyatoslav Nikolsky <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: André Silva <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: s0me0ne-unkn0wn <[email protected]>
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Co-authored-by: Alexandru Vasile <[email protected]>
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Co-authored-by: Davide Galassi <[email protected]>
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Co-authored-by: Tom Mi <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Will | Paradox | ParaNodes.io <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Joshy Orndorff <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Joshy Orndorff <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: PG Herveou <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Juan Girini <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: bader y <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: James Wilson <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: joe petrowski <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: asynchronous rob <[email protected]>
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Co-authored-by: zhiqiangxu <[email protected]>
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Co-authored-by: Gabriel Facco de Arruda <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Squirrel <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Andrei Sandu <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: georgepisaltu <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>

This PR backports Node version and `spec_version` bumps to `1.8.0` from
the latest release and orders prdoc files related to it.

If an XCM execution fails or ends with leftover assets, these will be
trapped.
In order to claim them, a custom XCM has to be executed, with the
`ClaimAsset` instruction.
However, arbitrary XCM execution is not allowed everywhere yet and XCM
itself is still not easy enough to use for users out there with trapped
assets.
This new extrinsic in `pallet-xcm` will allow these users to easily
claim their assets, without concerning themselves with writing arbitrary
XCMs.

Part of fixing https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3495

---------

Co-authored-by: command-bot <>
Co-authored-by: Adrian Catangiu <[email protected]>

Signed-off-by: Andrei Sandu <[email protected]>

This PR removes `AssignmentProviderConfig` and uses the corresponding
ondemand parameters from `HostConfiguration` instead. Additionally
`scheduling_lookahead` and all coretime/ondemand related parameters are
extracted in a separate struct - `SchedulerParams`.

The most relevant commit from the PR is [this
one](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/3181/commits/830bc0f5).

Fixes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/2268

---------

Co-authored-by: command-bot <>

This MR is the merge of
https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/pull/14414 and
https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/pull/14275. It implements
[RFC#13](https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/RFCs/pull/13), closes
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/198.

----- 

This Merge request introduces three major topicals:

1. Multi-Block-Migrations
1. New pallet `poll` hook for periodic service work
1. Replacement hooks for `on_initialize` and `on_finalize` in cases
where `poll` cannot be used

and some more general changes to FRAME.  
The changes for each topical span over multiple crates. They are listed
in topical order below.

# 1.) Multi-Block-Migrations

Multi-Block-Migrations are facilitated by creating `pallet_migrations`
and configuring `System::Config::MultiBlockMigrator` to point to it.
Executive picks this up and triggers one step of the migrations pallet
per block.
The chain is in lockdown mode for as long as an MBM is ongoing.
Executive does this by polling `MultiBlockMigrator::ongoing` and not
allowing any transaction in a block, if true.

A MBM is defined through trait `SteppedMigration`. A condensed version
looks like this:
```rust
/// A migration that can proceed in multiple steps.
pub trait SteppedMigration {
	type Cursor: FullCodec + MaxEncodedLen;
	type Identifier: FullCodec + MaxEncodedLen;

	fn id() -> Self::Identifier;

	fn max_steps() -> Option<u32>;

	fn step(
		cursor: Option<Self::Cursor>,
		meter: &mut WeightMeter,
	) -> Result<Option<Self::Cursor>, SteppedMigrationError>;
}
```

`pallet_migrations` can be configured with an aggregated tuple of these
migrations. It then starts to migrate them one-by-one on the next
runtime upgrade.
Two things are important here:
- 1. Doing another runtime upgrade while MBMs are ongoing is not a good
idea and can lead to messed up state.
- 2. **Pallet Migrations MUST BE CONFIGURED IN `System::Config`,
otherwise it is not used.**

The pallet supports an `UpgradeStatusHandler` that can be used to notify
external logic of upgrade start/finish (for example to pause XCM
dispatch).

Error recovery is very limited in the case that a migration errors or
times out (exceeds its `max_steps`). Currently the runtime dev can
decide in `FailedMigrationHandler::failed` how to handle this. One
follow-up would be to pair this with the `SafeMode` pallet and enact
safe mode when an upgrade fails, to allow governance to rescue the
chain. This is currently not possible, since governance is not
`Mandatory`.

## Runtime API

- `Core`: `initialize_block` now returns `ExtrinsicInclusionMode` to
inform the Block Author whether they can push transactions.

### Integration

Add it to your runtime implementation of `Core` and `BlockBuilder`:
```patch
diff --git a/runtime/src/lib.rs b/runtime/src/lib.rs
@@ impl_runtime_apis! {
	impl sp_block_builder::Core<Block> for Runtime {
-		fn initialize_block(header: &<Block as BlockT>::Header) {
+		fn initialize_block(header: &<Block as BlockT>::Header) -> RuntimeExecutiveMode {
			Executive::initialize_block(header)
		}

		...
	}
```

# 2.) `poll` hook

A new pallet hook is introduced: `poll`. `Poll` is intended to replace
mostly all usage of `on_initialize`.
The reason for this is that any code that can be called from
`on_initialize` cannot be migrated through an MBM. Currently there is no
way to statically check this; the implication is to use `on_initialize`
as rarely as possible.
Failing to do so can result in broken storage invariants.

The implementation of the poll hook depends on the `Runtime API` changes
that are explained above.

# 3.) Hard-Deadline callbacks

Three new callbacks are introduced and configured on `System::Config`:
`PreInherents`, `PostInherents` and `PostTransactions`.
These hooks are meant as replacement for `on_initialize` and
`on_finalize` in cases where the code that runs cannot be moved to
`poll`.
The reason for this is to make the usage of HD-code (hard deadline) more
explicit - again to prevent broken invariants by MBMs.

# 4.) FRAME (general changes)

## `frame_system` pallet

A new memorize storage item `InherentsApplied` is added. It is used by
executive to track whether inherents have already been applied.
Executive and can then execute the MBMs directly between inherents and
transactions.

The `Config` gets five new items:
- `SingleBlockMigrations` this is the new way of configuring migrations
that run in a single block. Previously they were defined as last generic
argument of `Executive`. This shift is brings all central configuration
about migrations closer into view of the developer (migrations that are
configured in `Executive` will still work for now but is deprecated).
- `MultiBlockMigrator` this can be configured to an engine that drives
MBMs. One example would be the `pallet_migrations`. Note that this is
only the engine; the exact MBMs are injected into the engine.
- `PreInherents` a callback that executes after `on_initialize` but
before inherents.
- `PostInherents` a callback that executes after all inherents ran
(including MBMs and `poll`).
- `PostTransactions` in symmetry to `PreInherents`, this one is called
before `on_finalize` but after all transactions.

A sane default is to set all of these to `()`. Example diff suitable for
any chain:
```patch
@@ impl frame_system::Config for Test {
 	type MaxConsumers = ConstU32<16>;
+	type SingleBlockMigrations = ();
+	type MultiBlockMigrator = ();
+	type PreInherents = ();
+	type PostInherents = ();
+	type PostTransactions = ();
 }
```

An overview of how the block execution now looks like is here. The same
graph is also in the rust doc.

<details><summary>Block Execution Flow</summary>
<p>

![Screenshot 2023-12-04 at 19 11
29](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/assets/10380170/e88a80c4-ef11-4faa-8df5-8b33a724c054)

</p>
</details> 

## Inherent Order

Moved to https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/2154

---------------


## TODO

- [ ] Check that `try-runtime` still works
- [ ] Ensure backwards compatibility with old Runtime APIs
- [x] Consume weight correctly
- [x] Cleanup

---------

Signed-off-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Liam Aharon <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Juan Girini <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>
Co-authored-by: Francisco Aguirre <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Gavin Wood <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

Closes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk-docs/issues/55

- Changes 'current storage version' terminology to less ambiguous
'in-code storage version' (suggestion by @ggwpez

)
- Adds a new example pallet `pallet-example-single-block-migrations`
- Adds a new reference doc to replace
https://docs.substrate.io/maintain/runtime-upgrades/ (temporarily living
in the pallet while we wait for developer hub PR to merge)
- Adds documentation for the `storage_alias` macro
- Improves `trait Hooks` docs 
- Improves `trait GetStorageVersion` docs
- Update the suggested patterns for using `VersionedMigration`, so that
version unchecked migrations are never exported
- Prevents accidental usage of version unchecked migrations in runtimes

https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/pull/14421#discussion_r1255467895
- Unversioned migration code is kept inside `mod version_unchecked`,
versioned code is kept in `pub mod versioned`
- It is necessary to use modules to limit visibility because the inner
migration must be `pub`. See
https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/30905 and

https://internals.rust-lang.org/t/lang-team-minutes-private-in-public-rules/4504/40
for more.

### todo

- [x] move to reference docs to proper place within sdk-docs (now that
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/2102 is merged)
- [x] prdoc

---------

Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Juan <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>
Co-authored-by: gupnik <[email protected]>

with the deprecation of Rococo, Encointer needs a new staging
environment. Paseo will be Polkadot-focused and westend Kusama-focused,
so we propose to use Westend

## Problem
During the bumping of the `polkadot-fellows` repository to
`[email protected]`, I encountered a situation where the benchmarks
`teleport_assets` and `reserve_transfer_assets` in AssetHubKusama
started to fail. This issue arose due to a decreased ED balance for
AssetHubs introduced
[here](https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/runtimes/pull/158/files#diff-80668ff8e793b64f36a9a3ec512df5cbca4ad448c157a5d81abda1b15f35f1daR213),
and also because of a [missing CI
pipeline](https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/runtimes/issues/197) to
check the benchmarks, which went unnoticed.

These benchmarks expect the `caller` to have enough:
1. balance to transfer (BTT)
2. balance for paying delivery (BFPD).
 
So the initial balance was calculated as `ED * 100`, which seems
reasonable:
```
const ED_MULTIPLIER: u32 = 100;
let balance = existential_deposit.saturating_mul(ED_MULTIPLIER.into());`
```
The problem arises when the price for delivery is 100 times higher than
the existential deposit. In other words, when `ED * 100` does not cover
`BTT` + `BFPD`.

I check AHR/AHW/AHK/AHP and this problem has only AssetHubKusama
```
ED: 3333333
calculated price to parent delivery:  1031666634  (from xcm logs from the benchmark)
---

3333333 * 100 - BTT(3333333) - BFPD(1031666634) = −701666667
```
which results in the error;
```
2024-02-23 09:19:42 Unable to charge fee with error Module(ModuleError { index: 31, error: [17, 0, 0, 0], message: Some("FeesNotMet") })
Error: Input("Benchmark pallet_xcm::reserve_transfer_assets failed: FeesNotMet")
     
```

## Solution

The benchmarks `teleport_assets` and `reserve_transfer_assets` were
fixed by removing `ED * 100` and replacing it with `DeliveryHelper`
logic, which calculates the (almost real) price for delivery and sets it
along with the existential deposit as the initial balance for the
account used in the benchmark.


## TODO

- [ ] patch for 1.6 -
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/3466
- [ ] patch for 1.7 -
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/3465
- [ ] patch for 1.8 - TODO: PR

---------

Co-authored-by: Francisco Aguirre <[email protected]>

from Westend and Rococo.

---------

Co-authored-by: eskimor <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>

Fixes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3144

Builds on top of https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/3229

### Summary
Some preparations for Runtime to support elastic scaling, guarded by
config node features bit `FeatureIndex::ElasticScalingMVP`. This PR
introduces a per-candidate `CoreIndex` but does it in a hacky way to
avoid changing `CandidateCommitments`, `CandidateReceipts` primitives
and networking protocols.

#### Including `CoreIndex` in `BackedCandidate`
If the `ElasticScalingMVP` feature bit is enabled then
`BackedCandidate::validator_indices` is extended by 8 bits.
The value stored in these bits represents the assumed core index for the
candidate.

It is temporary solution which works by creating a mapping from
`BackedCandidate` to `CoreIndex` by assuming the `CoreIndex` can be
discovered by checking in which validator group the validator that
signed the statement is.

TODO:
- [x] fix tests
- [x] add new tests
- [x] Bump runtime API for Kusama, so we have that node features thing!
-> https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/runtimes/pull/194

---------

Signed-off-by: Andrei Sandu <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: alindima <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: alindima <[email protected]>

The `fee` should be calculated with the reanchored asset, otherwise it
could lead to a failure where the set aside fee ends up not being
enough.

@acatangiu



---------

Co-authored-by: Adrian Catangiu <[email protected]>