* Make `decl_error!` errors usable

This pr implements support for returning errors of different pallets in
a pallet. These errors need to be declared with `decl_error!`.

The pr changes the following:

- Each dispatchable function now returns a `DispatchResult` which is an
alias for `Result<(), DispatchError>`.
- `DispatchError` is an enum that has 4 variants:
  - `Other`: For storing string error messages
  - `CannotLookup`: Variant that is returned when something returns a
  `sp_runtime::LookupError`
  - `BadOrigin`: Variant that is returned for any kind of bad origin
  - `Module`: The error of a specific module. Contains the `index`,
  `error` and the `message`. The index is the index of the module in
  `construct_runtime!`. `error` is the index of the error in the error
  enum declared by `decl_error!`. `message` is the message to the error
  variant (this will not be encoded).
- `construct_runtime!` now creates a new struct `ModuleToIndex`. This
struct implements the trait `ModuleToIndex`.
- `frame_system::Trait` has a new associated type: `ModuleToIndex` that
expects the `ModuleToIndex` generated by `construct_runtime!`.
- All error strings returned in any module are being converted now to `DispatchError`.
- `BadOrigin` is the default error returned by any type that implements `EnsureOrigin`.

* Fix frame system benchmarks

* clean up cargo.toml syntax

* bumping versions to 2.0

* bump networking to 0.8

* move consensus down to 0.8

* bump consensus pallets to 0.8.0, too

* Upping babe and aura pallets

* add remaining, missing version definitions

* missed some

* Fix contruct_runtime

* Update lib.rs

* Update event.rs

* Update event.rs

* Update event.rs

* Update event.rs

* Update event.rs

* Update event.rs

* Update event.rs

Back to where we started

* Update chain_spec.rs

* Update genesis.rs

* Fix it properly

* Fix naming of utility crate (it's a legit pallet)

* Additional bits

* Rename: Phase 1.

* Unify codec.

* Fixing: Phase 2

* Fixing: Phase 3.

* Fixing: Phase 4.

* Fixing: Phase 5.

* Fixing: Phase 6.

* Fixing: Phase 7.

* Fixing: Phase 8. Tests

* Fixing: Phase 9. Tests!!!

* Fixing: Phase 10. Moar tests!

* Finally done!

* More fixes.

* Rename primitives:: to sp_core::

* Apply renames in finality-grandpa.

* Fix benches.

* Fix benches 2.

* Revert node-template.

* Fix frame-system in our modules.

* In progress, runtime io must switch to future proof root +
child_specific (unique id) + u32 type.

* Switch interface, sr-io seems ok, rpc could use similar interface to
sr-io, genesis json broken if there is child trie in existing encoding
genesis.

* test from previous implementation.

* fix proving test.

* Restore Keyspacedb from other branch, only apply to child trie.

* Removing unneeded child_info from child root (child info are stored
if things changed, otherwhise the root does not change).

* Switch rpc to use same format as ext: more future proof.

* use root from child info for trie backend essence.

* Breaking long lines.

* Update doc and clean pr a bit.

* fix error type

* Restore removed doc on merge and update sr-io doc.

* Switch child storage api to use directly unique id, if managed id
where to be put in place, the api will change at this time.

* Clean deprecated host interface from child.

* Removing assertion on child info (can fail depending on root
memoization).

* merging child info in the overlay when possible.

* child iteration by prefix using child_info.

* Using ChainInfo in frame support. ChainInfo gets redesign to avoid
buffers allocation on every calls.

* Add length of root to the data of child info.

* comments

* Encode compact.

* Remove child info with root.

* Fix try_update condition.

* Comment Ext child root caching.

* Replace tuples by struct with field

* remove StorageTuple alias.

* Fix doc tests, and remove StorageOverlay and ChildStorageOverlay
aliases.

* Extract gossiping system from network

* Finish porting GRANDPA tests

* Try put correct engine ID

* Fix messages encoding

* Fix communication tests

* Use a threads pool to spawn stuff

* Fix compilation everywhere

* Fix bad merge conflict

* Remove dependency on async-std

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-Authored-By: Robert Habermeier <[email protected]>

* More suggestions

* Remove network startup GP future

* Update to futures_timer

* adjust wait_when_behind test

* Pass correct Roles after handshake

* Revert "adjust wait_when_behind test"

This reverts commit 23cb3a0a6d25ed732c2cd648607bc44ef2ab0919.

* Crate root documentation

* Remove MessageRecipient

* Address concerns

* Fix more concerns

* Forgot Cargo.lock

* client/rpc/api -> client/rpc-api

* client/util/wasm-builder-runner -> utils/wasm-builder-runner

* client/grafana-data-source -> utils/grafana-data-source

* test/utils -> test-utils

* fix moved path

* Update Cargo.lock

* Update Cargo.lock

* rename crate: sp-transaction-pool-api -> sp-transaction-pool

* move primitives/core/derive-debug -> primitives/derive-debug; primitives/core/storage -> primitives/storage

* rename crate sp-core-storage -> sp-storage

* rename and move: test/utils/transaction-factory -> client/transaction-factory

* move transaction-factory -> node/transaction-factory

* fix missing rename

* Move chain-spec-builder into bin/utils

* move subkey into bin/utils

* Update new subkey location

* Update docs to reflect new location for utils

* fixing import name

* sr-arithmetic -> arithmetic

* sr-sandbox -> sandbox

* primitives/sr-staking-primitives -> primitives/staking

* primitives/sr-version -> primitives/version

* primitives/block-builder/runtime-api -> primitives/block-builder

* move benches into tests, ignore non-passing doctests

* Rename sr-api folder

* Move test-primitives to primitives, use that for sp-api doctests

* primitives/sr-io -> primitives/io

* fix

* rename

* runtime-io -> sp-io

* git mv

* fix ci

* remove package name

* fix

* fix

* try minimizing diff

* try minimizing diff again

* try minimizing diff again

* primitives/sr-std -> primitives/std

* fix

* fix conflict

* rstd -> sp-std

* git mv

* fix review

* fix merge

* primitives/sr-primitives -> primitives/runtime

* update

* Remove transaction-pool-runtime-api

* Merge runtime-api with transaction-pool.

* client/authority-discovery: Add smoke tests for intervall_at

* client/authority-discovery: Fix interval_at to fire on start

* .maintain/sentry-node: Update docker compose file

* client: Introduce --sentry-nodes flag

Enable operators to specify the public addresses of sentry nodes infront
of a validator node so that the validator node can announce the sentry
node addresses instead of its own public addresses on the DHT via the
authority discovery module.

* client/authority-discovery: Break lines at 100 characters

Limit line length to 100 instead of 120 characters.

* Fix sp-session typo

* Remove erroneous whitespaces

* Don't mess with the file, editor

* Add `swap` and `decode_len` to `DoubleMap`

*  Add tests to `swap` and `decode_len` for `DoubleMap` (WIP)

* Address review comments

* Remove function that is not in scope

* fix test

* better naming

* fixing faulty tracing-rename

* missed one

* Adding script for rename, could be applicable for nodes on top of it, too

* add stderr and gitlab ci features

* apply script

* fix now minor details in expected stderr

* Update the Cargo.lock

* fix name: sc-transaction -> sc-tracing

* fix rename in script, too

* Fix up `end_block` mess; add free preimage noting for imminents.

* Fixes

* Bump runtime

* Update frame/democracy/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Shawn Tabrizi <[email protected]>

* Handle grumble

* Update frame/democracy/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Shawn Tabrizi <[email protected]>

* Use Weight instead of u32 everywhere

* Revert Weight declaration

* Fix benches

* Update kvdb-rocksdb again

* Switch to released crates

* Remove last git references

* Check in block authoring that we can author with current authoring version

* Update client/consensus/pow/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: André Silva <[email protected]>

* Fix compilation

* Fixed node binary

* Remove extra params

* Check block operation

* Update client/cli/src/lib.rs

* Update client/cli/src/params.rs

* recover tx pool on light client

* revert local tests fix

* removed import renamings

* futures03::Future -> std::future::Future

* Update core/transaction-pool/graph/src/error.rs

Co-Authored-By: Tomasz Drwięga <[email protected]>

* replace remove_from_ready with remove_invalid

* avoid excess hashing

* debug -> warn

* TransactionPool + BasicTransactionPool

* pause future tx reject when resubmitting

* bump impl_version to make CI happy

* and revert back local test fixes

* alter doc to restart CI

* Transaction::clone() -> Transaction::duplicate()

* transactions -> updated_tranasctions

* remove explicit consensus-common ref

* ::std:: -> std::

* manual set/unset flag -> calling clusore with given flag value

* removed comments

* removed force argument

* BestIterator -> Box<Iterator>

* separate crate for TxPool + Maintainer trait

* long line fix

* pos-merge fix

* fix benches compilation

* Rename txpoolapi to txpool_api

* Clean up.

* Finalize merge.

* post-merge fix

* Move transaction pool api to primitives directly.

* Consistent naming for txpool-runtime-api

* Warn about missing docs.

* Move  abstraction for offchain calls to tx-pool-api.

* Merge RPC instantiation.

* Update cargo.lock

* Post merge fixes.

* Avoid depending on client.

* Fix build

* The storage runtime interface should not enforce a hash type

Currently the runtime interface enforces `H256` as hash type, but in the
future people could use whatever they want as hash type. The hash type
always needs to match between the runtime and the node, but that is
already required.

* Update primitives/externalities/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: thiolliere <[email protected]>

* define slashing spans

* tests and pruning for slashing-spans record

* validators get slashed before nominators

* apply slash to nominators as well

* chill and end slashing spans

* actually perform slashes

* integration (tests failing)

* prune metadata

* fix compilation

* some tests for slashing and metadata garbage collection

* correctly pass session index to slash handler

* test span-max property for nominators and validators

* test that slashes are summed correctly

* reward value computation

* implement rewarding

* add comment about rewards

* do not adjust slash fraction in offences module

* fix offences tests

* remove unused new_offenders field

* update runtime version

* fix up some docs

* fix some CI failures

* remove no-std incompatible vec! invocation

* try to fix span-max rounding error

* Update srml/staking/src/slashing.rs

Fix type: winow -> window

Co-Authored-By: Tomasz Drwięga <[email protected]>

* slashes from prior spans don't kick validator again

* more information for nominators, suppression

* ensure ledger is consistent with itself post-slash

* implement slash out of unlocking funds also

* slashing: create records to be applied after-the-fact

* queue slashes for a few eras later

* method for canceling deferred slashes

* attempt to fix test in CI

* storage migration for `Nominators`

* update node-runtime to use SlashDeferDuration

* adjust migration entry-points somewhat

* fix migration compilation

* add manual Vec import to migration

* enable migrations feature in node-runtime

* bump runtime version

* update to latest master crate renames

* update to use ensure-origin

* Apply suggestions from code review

use `ensure!`

Co-Authored-By: Gavin Wood <[email protected]>

* fix multi-slash removal

* initialize storage version to current in genesis

* add test for version initialization

* Implement all storage after prefix

* fix test, bump version and fix doc

* bump metadata version

* Update frame/support/procedural/src/storage/storage_struct.rs

* Move transaction pool to primitives

* move backend, errors into primitives

* remove unused client depencies

* Move rpc-api into primitives

* Move peerset back to client

* Move rpc/api back to client, move palette/support/rpc into utils

* move support-rpc into subfolder

* move system-rpc into utils

* move transaction-pool  and -graph back into client

* fix broken imports

* Clean up test primitives

* Make support test utils independent of frame

* remove unnecessary node dependencies from service

* Reactivate dependency script:
 - only enforce the now achieved status quo will remain
 - allow for primitives to depend on /client for now without failing
 - more discriptive error message so people understand, what it wants
 - minor fix to differentiative between ../client and /client (which may be a subfolder)
 - don't allow this to fail anylonger.

* fix doc comment

* 'Should not' rather than 'must not'.

* Revert unwanted dependency changes

* fix faulty import

* fixup derive_more version

* fix wrong import path

* interim

* interim

* interim

* first working section

* cleanup

* finished parsing

* cleanup

* added system module search

* added clone and find_entry

* generic find_module_entry

* interim

* working event

* added generic event with no instance error

* cleanup

* added decl origin

* cleanup

* added all modules

* added outer dispatch

* added modules expansion

* refactored transformations

* updated error message

* added resolve mechanics

* added metadata

* finished config

* finished inherents

* added validate_unsigned

* added compares

* cleanup

* cleanup

* cleanup

* fix

* updated modules for last one wins

* cleanup

* made nested modules

* updated impl version

* removed comment

* cleanup

* added ui tests

* added optional comma

* removed unnecessary to string cast

* removed no compile

* cleanup

* fmt

* returned nocompile

* Update srml/support/procedural/src/construct_runtime/parse.rs

Co-Authored-By: thiolliere <[email protected]>

* added where definition

* updated ui tests

* updated ui test cases

* added test case

* updated tests

* interim

* added parse for module part

* removed totokens

* fixes

* fixed multiple iter

* changed TokenStream

* fmt

* updated trybuild

* added test for arguments

* fmt

* fixes + more tests

* fixes

* fmt

* rolled back runtime

* minor fixes

* empty

* fixes

* fmt

* Update paint/support/procedural/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update paint/support/procedural/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update paint/support/procedural/src/construct_runtime/parse.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* interim

* refactored seen_keys

* refactored hash_set

* Update paint/support/procedural/src/construct_runtime/mod.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* refactored find

* fix

* fixed all_modules

* added double declaration check

* small fix

* fmt

* fix

* fix default

* format