* Add ContractAccessWeight

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Michael Müller <[email protected]>

Co-authored-by: Michael Müller <[email protected]>

* stabilize seal_code_hash, seal_set_code_hash, seal_own_code_hash

* fix missed place found by CI

* Fixed missed __unstable__

Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <[email protected]>

* Apply some clippy hints

* Revert clippy ci changes

* Update client/cli/src/commands/generate.rs

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update client/cli/src/commands/inspect_key.rs

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update client/db/src/bench.rs

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update client/db/src/bench.rs

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update client/service/src/client/block_rules.rs

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update client/service/src/client/block_rules.rs

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update client/network/src/transactions.rs

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update client/network/src/protocol.rs

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Revert due to missing `or_default` function.

* Fix compilation and simplify code

* Undo change that corrupts benchmark.

* fix clippy

* Update client/service/test/src/lib.rs

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update client/state-db/src/noncanonical.rs

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update client/state-db/src/noncanonical.rs

remove leftovers!

* Update client/tracing/src/logging/directives.rs

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update utils/fork-tree/src/lib.rs

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* added needed ref

* Update frame/referenda/src/benchmarking.rs

* Simplify byte-vec creation

* let's just not overlap the ranges

* Correction

* cargo fmt

* Update utils/frame/benchmarking-cli/src/shared/stats.rs

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update utils/frame/benchmarking-cli/src/pallet/command.rs

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update utils/frame/benchmarking-cli/src/pallet/command.rs

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Giles Cope <[email protected]>

* update bin/node-template/runtime/src/lib.rs

* update frame/contracts/src/tests.rs

* update frame/executive/src/lib.rs

* update frame/grandpa/src/mock.rs

* update frame/im-online/src/mock.rs

* update frame/offences/benchmarking/src/mock.rs

* update frame/recovery/src/mock.rs

* update frame/referenda/src/mock.rs

* update frame/session/benchmarking/src/mock.rs

* update frame/staking/src/mock.rs

* update frame/state-trie-migration/src/lib.rs

* update frame/support/test/compile_pass/src/lib.rs

* frame/treasury/src/tests.rs

* update frame/whitelist/src/mock.rs

* update frame/vesting/src/mock.rs

* update test-utils/runtime/src/lib.rs

* update bin/node-template/runtime/src/lib.rs

* Update frame/grandpa/src/mock.rs

Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>

* resolve failed checks 1518659 & 1518669

* resolve format check

* backtrack to resolve compile error

* check --all --tests ✅

* cargo +nightly fmt ✅



Co-authored-by: Shawn Tabrizi <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Keith Yeung <[email protected]>

Add `frame_support::crypto::ecdsa::Public.to_eth_address()` (`k256`-based) and use it in pallets (#11087)

* `ecdsa::Public::to_eth_address` + test, beefy-mmr `convert()` to use it, contracts Ext interface

* `seal_ecdsa_to_eth_address` all but benchmark done

* `seal_ecdsa_to_eth_address` + wasm test

* `seal_ecdsa_to_eth_address` + benchmark

* fixed dependencies

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <[email protected]>

* fixes from review #1

* ecdsa::Public(*pk).to_eth_address() moved to frame_support and contracts to use it

* beefy-mmr to use newly added frame_support function for convertion

* a doc fix

* import fix

* benchmark fix-1 (still fails)

* benchmark fixed

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <[email protected]>

* fixes on Alex T feedback

* to_eth_address() put into extension trait for sp-core::ecdsa::Public

* Update frame/support/src/crypto/ecdsa.rs

Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <[email protected]>

* Update frame/contracts/src/wasm/mod.rs

Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <[email protected]>

* fixes on issues pointed out in review

* benchmark errors fixed

* fmt fix

* EcdsaRecoverFailed err docs updated

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* make applied suggestions compile

* get rid of unwrap() in runtime

* Remove expect

Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

Because `TryInto`/`TryFrom` are in prelude by default from edition 2021

Signed-off-by: koushiro <[email protected]>

* introduce hard limit to transactional

* add single layer transactional

* remove single_transactional

* Update mod.rs

* add tests

* maybe fix contracts cc @athei



* fmt

* fix contract logic

* Update frame/contracts/src/exec.rs

Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <[email protected]>

* Update exec.rs

* add unchecked and custom errors

* Update lib.rs

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <[email protected]>

* Replace storage access by atomics

Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <[email protected]>

* `seal_origin` + tests added

* `seal_origin` benchmark added

* `seal_code_hash` + tests added

* `seal_code_hash` benchmark added

* `seal_own_code_hash` + tests added

* `seal_own_code_hash` benchmark added

* fmt lil fix

* akward accident bug fix

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <[email protected]>

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <[email protected]>

* benchmark fix

* `WasmModule::getter()` to take `module_name` arg

* test enhanced

* fixes based on review feedback

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <[email protected]>

* Hash left as const to return a ref to it from mock

* HASH test val to local const in mock

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <[email protected]>

* fixes to benchmarks according to review feedback

* cargo run --quiet --profile=production  --features=runtime-benchmarks --manifest-path=bin/node/cli/Cargo.toml -- benchmark --chain=dev --steps=50 --repeat=20 --pallet=pallet_contracts --extrinsic=* --execution=wasm --wasm-execution=compiled --heap-pages=4096 --output=./frame/contracts/src/weights.rs --template=./.maintain/frame-weight-template.hbs

* removed `seal_origin` from API

Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Parity Bot <[email protected]>

* Add test to verify unique trie ids

* Rename trie_seed to nonce

* Rename AccountCounter -> Nonce

* fmt

* stabilize `seal_is_contract`

* stabilize `seal_caller_is_origin`

Bumps [scale-info](https://github.com/paritytech/scale-info) from 2.0.0 to 2.0.1.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/paritytech/scale-info/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/paritytech/scale-info/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md)
- [Commits](https://github.com/paritytech/scale-info/commits)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: scale-info
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-patch
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <[email protected]>

Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

* cargo set-version --bump major -p pallet-contracts-primitives

* cargo set-version --bump major -p sp-core

* cargo set-version --bump major -p sp-runtime-interface

* cargo set-version --bump major -p sp-wasm-interface

* cargo set-version --bump major -p sp-runtime

* cargo set-version --bump major -p sp-storage

* cargo set-version --bump major -p sp-rpc

* cargo set-version --bump major -p sp-io

* cargo set-version --bump major -p sp-trie

* cargo set-version -p sp-state-machine  -- 0.12.0

* cargo set-version -p sp-externalities  -- 0.12.0

* cargo set-version -p sp-keystore -- 0.12.0

* cargo set-version --bump major -p sp-keyring

* cargo set-version --bump major -p sp-version

* cargo set-version --bump major -p sp-tracing

* cargo set-version --bump major -p sp-application-crypto

* cargo set-version --bump major -p sp-arithmetic

* cargo unleash version bump-major -p sp-runtime-interface-proc-macro

* Add codec max-encoded-len feature to sp-arithmetic

* cargo unleash version bump-major -p sp-core-hashing-proc-macro

* Upgraded dependencies

* Adapting code to scale v3

* Empty commit to trigger CI

* Triggering CI

* Fixing UI test

* Remove superfluous dev-dep added by #9228

* Cryout for CI

* Replace libsecp256k1 with k256 in beefy-mmr

* Port of FRAME `contracts` benchmarking from `libsecp256k1` to `k256`

* Newtype to allow `Pcg32` rng usage with `k256` in contracts benchmarks

* Use `sp-io::crypto` to generate dummy keys in `contracts` bechmarks

* More compact code

* Cargo fmt

* Build `sp-keystore` only for dev profile

* Move public key generation back to the `map`

* Allow stack height metering to be disabled

* cargo run --quiet --profile=production  --features=runtime-benchmarks --manifest-path=bin/node/cli/Cargo.toml -- benchmark --chain=dev --steps=50 --repeat=20 --pallet=pallet_contracts --extrinsic=* --execution=wasm --wasm-execution=compiled --heap-pages=4096 --output=./frame/contracts/src/weights.rs --template=./.maintain/frame-weight-template.hbs

* cargo run --quiet --profile=production  --features=runtime-benchmarks --manifest-path=bin/node/cli/Cargo.toml -- benchmark --chain=dev --steps=50 --repeat=20 --pallet=pallet_contracts --extrinsic=* --execution=wasm --wasm-execution=compiled --heap-pages=4096 --output=./frame/contracts/src/weights.rs --template=./.maintain/frame-weight-template.hbs

Co-authored-by: Parity Bot <[email protected]>

* Fix call weights

* Fix instantiate benchmark

* cargo run --quiet --profile=production  --features=runtime-benchmarks --manifest-path=bin/node/cli/Cargo.toml -- benchmark --chain=dev --steps=50 --repeat=20 --pallet=pallet_contracts --extrinsic=* --execution=wasm --wasm-execution=compiled --heap-pages=4096 --output=./frame/contracts/src/weights.rs --template=./.maintain/frame-weight-template.hbs

* Remove stale and superflous comments

* `decrement_refcount` should be infallible

* Don't hardcode increment_refcount, decrement_refcount

* Rename CopyIn/CopyOut

* Fix warning in tests

Co-authored-by: Parity Bot <[email protected]>

* poc logic

* set_code_hash impl, tests, benchmark

* Address @xgreenx's comments

* Move func defs closer to set_storage

* Check if code exists

- increment/decrement codehash refcount

* Document error for non-existing code hash

* Revert unrelated change

* Changes due to @athei's review

* Fix error handling

- comment errors: ReturnCodes
- update mock ext implementation
- return Error::CodeNotFound when no code for such hash

* Emit ContractCodeUpdated when setting new code_hash

* Address @athei

's comments

* Move related defs to the bottom

* Minor comment update

Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <[email protected]>

* Improve docs

* Improve docs

* Update frame/contracts/src/wasm/runtime.rs

Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <[email protected]>

* Refactor set_code_hash test

* Minor change to benchmark

Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <[email protected]>

* Minor change to benchmark

Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <[email protected]>

* Minor comment refactor

Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <[email protected]>

* Address @HCastano

's comments

* Update seal_set_code_hash comment

Co-authored-by: Hernando Castano <[email protected]>

* Move set_code_hash after delegate_call

* Move function to the bottom

* Moved and changed banchmark, added verify block

* Bring back previous benchmark

* Remove skip_meta for seal_set_code_hash

* Bring back skip_meta for seal_set_storage_per_new_kb

* Apply weights

Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Hernando Castano <[email protected]>

Add a new host function for reporting fatal errors; make WASM backtraces readable when printing out errors (#10741)

* Add a new host function for reporting fatal errors

* Fix one of the wasmtime executor tests

* Have `#[runtime_interface(wasm_only)]` actually mean WASM-only, and not no_std-only

* Print out errors through `Display` instead of `Debug`

* Switch one more trait to require `Error` for its error instead of only `Debug`

* Align to review comments

* atomic swap

* bounties

* bounties fmt

* gilt

* indices

* nicks

* randomness-collective-flip

* recovery

* reuse maxapprovals

* Update tests.rs

* Update frame/randomness-collective-flip/src/lib.rs

Co-authored-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>

* use the correct bound

* complete recovery

* use `bounded_vec` macro

* Update tests.rs

* transaction payment

* uniques

* mmr

* example offchain worker

* beefy-mmr

* Update frame/recovery/src/lib.rs

Co-authored-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>

* Use BoundedVec instead of a type-parameterized BoundedString

* cargo fmt

* Update frame/atomic-swap/src/lib.rs

* use config const

* Update lib.rs

* update mel_bound

* fmt

Co-authored-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Keith Yeung <[email protected]>

* seal_call_code implementation

- tests
- benchmark

* Addressing @xgreenx's comments

* Fix test-linux-stable-int

* Rename seal_call_code to seal_delegate_call

* Pass value unchanged into lib contract

* Address @athei's comments

- whitespace .wat issues
- wrong/missing .wat comments
- redundant .wat calls/declarations

- change order of functions (seal_delegate_call right after seal_call)
  in decls, tests, benchmark
- fix comments, move doc comments to enum variants
- remove unnecessary empty lines

- rename runtime cost DelegateCall to DelegateCallBase
- do not set CallFlags::ALLOW_REENTRY for delegate_call

* Do not pass CallFlags::ALLOWS_REENTRY for delegate_call

* Update comment for seal_delegate_call and CallFlags

* Addressing @athei's comments (minor)

* Allow reentry for a new frame after delegate_call (revert)

* Same seal_caller and seal_value_transferred for lib contract

- test
- refactor frame args due to review
- logic for seal_caller (please review)

* Put caller on frame for delegate_call, minor fixes

* Update comment for delegate_call

* Addressing @athei's comments

* Update weights generated by benchmark

* Improve comments

* Address @HCastano's comments

* Update weights, thanks @joao-paulo-parity

* Improve InvalidCallFlags error comment

* is_contract() and caller_is_origin() added to Ext API

* is_contract() exposed in wasm runtime.rs

* + test for is_contract()

* + seal_is_contract benchmark

* caller_is_origin() exposed to wasm/runtime.rs and covered by a test

* + seal_caller_is_origin benchmark

* Update frame/contracts/src/exec.rs

Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <[email protected]>

* Update frame/contracts/src/exec.rs

Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <[email protected]>

* Update frame/contracts/src/exec.rs

Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <[email protected]>

* Update frame/contracts/src/wasm/runtime.rs

Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <[email protected]>

* Update frame/contracts/src/wasm/runtime.rs

Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <[email protected]>

* Update frame/contracts/src/wasm/runtime.rs

Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <[email protected]>

* Update frame/contracts/src/exec.rs

Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <[email protected]>

* identation fix for benchmark macroses; test cosmetic improvement

* benchmark fix

* + is_contract() wasm test

* + caller_is_origin() wasm test

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <[email protected]>

* is_contract() to borrow param instead of taking ownership

* phrasing improved

Co-authored-by: Hernando Castano <[email protected]>

* fixed wasm tests according to @athei

 feedback

* dead code warnings suppressed by unstable-interface attributes

* cargo run --quiet --profile=production  --features=runtime-benchmarks --manifest-path=bin/node/cli/Cargo.toml -- benchmark --chain=dev --steps=50 --repeat=20 --pallet=pallet_contracts --extrinsic=* --execution=wasm --wasm-execution=compiled --heap-pages=4096 --output=./frame/contracts/src/weights.rs --template=./.maintain/frame-weight-template.hbs

Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Hernando Castano <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Parity Bot <[email protected]>

* Bump sp-storage

* Bump sp-rpc

* Bump sp-io

* Bump sp-trie

* Bump sp-state-machine

* Bump sp-externalities

* Bump sp-keystore

* Bump sp-application-crypto

* Bump pallet-contracts-primitives

* Bump sp-core

* Bump sp-runtime-interface

* Bump sp-wasm-interface

* Bump sp-runtime

* Bump sp-storage

* Update lock file

* Revert "Bump sp-storage"

This reverts commit f86c6db1ae334e28207b658fd90714ade0332e3b.

* Update lock file

* Add production profile to wasm builder

* Fix profile detection

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Replace panic! by println! + exit

* Default to `release` for wasm on debug builds

* Replaced unwrap by expect

* Update all weights

Rerun on the bm2 server.

Signed-off-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>

* cargo run --quiet --profile=production  --features=runtime-benchmarks --manifest-path=bin/node/cli/Cargo.toml -- benchmark --chain=dev --steps=50 --repeat=20 --pallet=pallet_contracts --extrinsic=* --execution=wasm --wasm-execution=compiled --heap-pages=4096 --output=./frame/contracts/src/weights.rs --template=./.maintain/frame-weight-template.hbs

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Parity Bot <[email protected]>

* Bump wasm-instrument 0.1.0 -> 0.1.1

* Fix benchmark

* Fix lazy batch contract removal

* Apply suggestions

* Qualify ChildInfo

* Negligible change to restart pipeline

* Revert "Negligible change to restart pipeline"

This reverts commit b38abb622a17de9f0d19b3eadcea611ead1a7251.

* cargo run --quiet --profile=production  --features=runtime-benchmarks --manifest-path=bin/node/cli/Cargo.toml -- benchmark --chain=dev --steps=50 --repeat=20 --pallet=pallet_contracts --extrinsic=* --execution=wasm --wasm-execution=compiled --heap-pages=4096 --output=./frame/contracts/src/weights.rs --template=./.maintain/frame-weight-template.hbs

Co-authored-by: Parity Bot <[email protected]>

* Fix seal_get_storage

* Fix seal_take_storage

* Add more benchmarks

* cargo run --quiet --release --features=runtime-benchmarks --manifest-path=bin/node/cli/Cargo.toml -- benchmark --chain=dev --steps=50 --repeat=20 --pallet=pallet_contracts --extrinsic=* --execution=wasm --wasm-execution=compiled --heap-pages=4096 --output=./frame/contracts/src/weights.rs --template=./.maintain/frame-weight-template.hbs

* Fix seal_set_storage

* Fix seal_contains_storage and seal_clear_storage

* Fix benchmarks

* cargo run --quiet --release --features=runtime-benchmarks --manifest-path=bin/node/cli/Cargo.toml -- benchmark --chain=dev --steps=50 --repeat=20 --pallet=pallet_contracts --extrinsic=* --execution=wasm --wasm-execution=compiled --heap-pages=4096 --output=./frame/contracts/src/weights.rs --template=./.maintain/frame-weight-template.hbs

* Get rid of mem::size_of in benchmarks

* Fix up code loading

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Hernando Castano <[email protected]>

* Fix test to call same function twice

* Replaced u32::MAX by SENTINEL const

* Fix seal_contains_storage benchmark

* cargo run --quiet --profile=production  --features=runtime-benchmarks --manifest-path=bin/node/cli/Cargo.toml -- benchmark --chain=dev --steps=50 --repeat=20 --pallet=pallet_contracts --extrinsic=* --execution=wasm --wasm-execution=compiled --heap-pages=4096 --output=./frame/contracts/src/weights.rs --template=./.maintain/frame-weight-template.hbs

Co-authored-by: Parity Bot <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Hernando Castano <[email protected]>

* Add optimization flags to 'release' profile

Signed-off-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>

* Optimized weights

Signed-off-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>

* Add missing pallets

Signed-off-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>

* Add `production` profile

Signed-off-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>

* pallet-collective: fix tests

the weight of System.remark went to 0, the collective test uses a
remark call to trigger an out-of-gas condition so I replaced it
with a `remark_with_event` call.

Signed-off-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>

* Remove generate_storage_info

Signed-off-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>

* Add without_storage_info where needed

Signed-off-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>

* Update doc tests

Signed-off-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>

* Add more without_storage_info

Signed-off-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>

* fix TryBuild

Signed-off-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>

* fix TryBuild tests

Signed-off-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>

Relax types on `DigestItemRef`, such that byte slices can be used in addition to vector references (#10536)

* Relax types on `DigestItemRef`, such that byte slices can be used in addition to vector references

* Apply clippy suggestions

* Remove all stale on_runtime_upgrade hooks in the runtime

* add docs

* cleanup

* fix warn

* fix more warnings

* fix offence test

* overwrite the damn UItest

* Switch executor to wasm-instrument

* Switch pallet-contracts to wasm-instrument

* Print more detailed error when instrumentation fails

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Hernando Castano <[email protected]>

* Check contents of debug buffer

* Fix test

Co-authored-by: Hernando Castano <[email protected]>

* reset events before apply runtime upgrade

* fix tests

* add test

* update comment

* Update frame/system/src/lib.rs

* trigger CI

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Add new versions for storage access host functions

* Improve docs

* Improve documentation of lazy deletion config

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Sacha Lansky <[email protected]>

* Update frame/contracts/src/lib.rs

Co-authored-by: Andrew Jones <[email protected]>

* Improve wording

Co-authored-by: Sacha Lansky <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Andrew Jones <[email protected]>

* Clippy: +complexity

* Update client/cli/src/arg_enums.rs

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update bin/node/inspect/src/lib.rs

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update primitives/keystore/src/testing.rs

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update frame/elections/src/lib.rs

Co-authored-by: Keith Yeung <[email protected]>

* Update primitives/npos-elections/fuzzer/src/reduce.rs

Co-authored-by: Keith Yeung <[email protected]>

* Incorporating feedback

* No need for Ok

* Additional

* Needed slice

* Wigy's suggestions on less derefs

* fix count

* reverting changes brought in by option_map_unit_fn

* add --all-targets

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Keith Yeung <[email protected]>