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  1. Mar 07, 2024
    • Andrei Sandu's avatar
      ParaInherent create: update `apply_weight_limit` wrt elastic scaling (#3573) · c16fcc47
      Andrei Sandu authored 
      

Changes the way we perform the random selection of backed candidates
when there isn't enough room for all of them. Instead of picking
individual backed candidates `apply_weight` now operates on chains of
candidates. This is fully backwards compatible and relies on the node
side (provisioner/prospective parachains) doing the heavy lifting and
providing the candidates in the order they form a chain.

The same approach can be implemented for bitfields random selection once
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/3479 is merged.

The approach taken in this PR aims for reduced additional complexity at
the cost of being less fair wrt how many backed candidates from each
chain are picked. It favors elastic scaling parachains vs parachains not
using elastic scaling, but from my perspective it should be fine as this
should happen under exceptional circumstances like dispute storms.

Note: to make things more fair we can consider specializing `random_sel`
such that it will try to pick candidates one by one in the order
provided by the provisioner such that non elastic scaling parachains
have the same chance of getting a candidate backed.

---------

Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrei Sandu <[email protected]>
      c16fcc47
    • Alexander Theißen's avatar
      contracts: Remove wat support from test fixtures (#3588) · 4ae73988
      Alexander Theißen authored 
      In order to prepare for PolkaVM support I removed the wat support from
our test fixture crate.

- Removed redundant tests (invalid module checks are already inside the
prepare module where they belong
- Converted the gas_sync tests to Rust
- Moved the start function test to the `wasm` module
      4ae73988
  3. Mar 06, 2024
  5. Mar 05, 2024
  7. Mar 04, 2024
    • dependabot[bot]'s avatar
      Bump mio from 0.8.8 to 0.8.11 (#3569) · ec30d2f5
      dependabot[bot] authored 
      

Bumps [mio](https://github.com/tokio-rs/mio) from 0.8.8 to 0.8.11.
<details>
<summary>Changelog</summary>
<p><em>Sourced from <a
href="https://github.com/tokio-rs/mio/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md">mio's
changelog</a>.</em></p>
<blockquote>
<h1>0.8.11</h1>
<ul>
<li>Fix receiving IOCP events after deregistering a Windows named pipe
(<a
href="https://redirect.github.com/tokio-rs/mio/pull/1760">tokio-rs/mio#1760</a>,
backport pr:
<a
href="https://redirect.github.com/tokio-rs/mio/pull/1761">tokio-rs/mio#1761</a>).</li>
</ul>
<h1>0.8.10</h1>
<h2>Added</h2>
<ul>
<li>Solaris support
(<a
href="https://redirect.github.com/tokio-rs/mio/pull/1724">tokio-rs/mio#1724</a>).</li>
</ul>
<h1>0.8.9</h1>
<h2>Added</h2>
<ul>
<li>ESP-IDF framework support
(<a
href="https://redirect.github.com/tokio-rs/mio/pull/1692">tokio-rs/mio#1692</a>).</li>
<li>AIX operating system support
(<a
href="https://redirect.github.com/tokio-rs/mio/pull/1704">tokio-rs/mio#1704</a>).</li>
<li>Vita support
(<a
href="https://redirect.github.com/tokio-rs/mio/pull/1721">tokio-rs/mio#1721</a>).</li>
<li><code>{UnixListener,UnixStream}:bind_addr</code>
(<a
href="https://redirect.github.com/tokio-rs/mio/pull/1630">tokio-rs/mio#1630</a>).</li>
<li><code>mio_unsupported_force_poll_poll</code> and
<code>mio_unsupported_force_waker_pipe</code>
<strong>unsupported</strong> configuration flags to force a specific
poll or waker
implementation
(<a
href="https://redirect.github.com/tokio-rs/mio/pull/1684">tokio-rs/mio#1684</a>,
<a
href="https://redirect.github.com/tokio-rs/mio/pull/1685">tokio-rs/mio#1685</a>,
<a
href="https://redirect.github.com/tokio-rs/mio/pull/1692">tokio-rs/mio#1692</a>).</li>
</ul>
<h2>Fixed</h2>
<ul>
<li>The <code>pipe(2)</code> based waker (swapped file descriptors)
(<a
href="https://redirect.github.com/tokio-rs/mio/pull/1722">tokio-rs/mio#1722</a>).</li>
<li>The duplicate waker check to work correctly with cloned
<code>Registry</code>s.
(<a
href="https://redirect.github.com/tokio-rs/mio/pull/1706">tokio-rs/mio#1706</a>).</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</details>
<details>
<summary>Commits</summary>
<ul>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/tokio-rs/mio/commit/0328bdef900b6396b8d00d33c825cd8af748553d"><code>0328bde</code></a>
Release v0.8.11</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/tokio-rs/mio/commit/708449851283b57eb6f514c8f289b66e982720b3"><code>7084498</code></a>
Fix warnings</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/tokio-rs/mio/commit/90d4fe00df870acd3d38f3dc4face9aacab8fbb9"><code>90d4fe0</code></a>
named-pipes: fix receiving IOCP events after deregister</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/tokio-rs/mio/commit/c710a307f8627c4d63ac1003252aa45175e08399"><code>c710a30</code></a>
Add v0.8.x to the CI</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/tokio-rs/mio/commit/c29e21c244b2b835e8b3e015b92c708c33c7d70a"><code>c29e21c</code></a>
Release v0.8.10</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/tokio-rs/mio/commit/f6a20da1c81c2d56a78bc6f6832b9904b9215914"><code>f6a20da</code></a>
Add Solaris operating system support (<a
href="https://redirect.github.com/tokio-rs/mio/issues/1724">#1724</a>)</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/tokio-rs/mio/commit/e80c3b21b59b92238f4c8c331fcfc4a71508d1c5"><code>e80c3b2</code></a>
Release v0.8.9</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/tokio-rs/mio/commit/862786bbbf719886be55631c0d150d4813a9a1b6"><code>862786b</code></a>
Fix importing of IoSourceState</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/tokio-rs/mio/commit/40348728e4f06f5e150783d8f1559ee974e5e834"><code>4034872</code></a>
Add support for vita target</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/tokio-rs/mio/commit/8eb4010a92bede550850e177d3dd7c4c76eb90ba"><code>8eb4010</code></a>
Fix receiver and sender fd in pipe based waker</li>
<li>Additional commits viewable in <a
href="https://github.com/tokio-rs/mio/compare/v0.8.8...v0.8.11">compare
view</a></li>
</ul>
</details>
<br />


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      ec30d2f5
    • PG Herveou's avatar
      Contracts: Fix typo (#3563) · 0708cf38
      PG Herveou authored
      0708cf38
    • Gavin Wood's avatar
      FRAME: Create `TransactionExtension` as a replacement for `SignedExtension` (#2280) · fd5f9292
      Gavin Wood authored 
      

Closes #2160

First part of [Extrinsic
Horizon](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/2415)

Introduces a new trait `TransactionExtension` to replace
`SignedExtension`. Introduce the idea of transactions which obey the
runtime's extensions and have according Extension data (né Extra data)
yet do not have hard-coded signatures.

Deprecate the terminology of "Unsigned" when used for
transactions/extrinsics owing to there now being "proper" unsigned
transactions which obey the extension framework and "old-style" unsigned
which do not. Instead we have __*General*__ for the former and
__*Bare*__ for the latter. (Ultimately, the latter will be phased out as
a type of transaction, and Bare will only be used for Inherents.)

Types of extrinsic are now therefore:
- Bare (no hardcoded signature, no Extra data; used to be known as
"Unsigned")
- Bare transactions (deprecated): Gossiped, validated with
`ValidateUnsigned` (deprecated) and the `_bare_compat` bits of
`TransactionExtension` (deprecated).
  - Inherents: Not gossiped, validated with `ProvideInherent`.
- Extended (Extra data): Gossiped, validated via `TransactionExtension`.
  - Signed transactions (with a hardcoded signature).
  - General transactions (without a hardcoded signature).

`TransactionExtension` differs from `SignedExtension` because:
- A signature on the underlying transaction may validly not be present.
- It may alter the origin during validation.
- `pre_dispatch` is renamed to `prepare` and need not contain the checks
present in `validate`.
- `validate` and `prepare` is passed an `Origin` rather than a
`AccountId`.
- `validate` may pass arbitrary information into `prepare` via a new
user-specifiable type `Val`.
- `AdditionalSigned`/`additional_signed` is renamed to
`Implicit`/`implicit`. It is encoded *for the entire transaction* and
passed in to each extension as a new argument to `validate`. This
facilitates the ability of extensions to acts as underlying crypto.

There is a new `DispatchTransaction` trait which contains only default
function impls and is impl'ed for any `TransactionExtension` impler. It
provides several utility functions which reduce some of the tedium from
using `TransactionExtension` (indeed, none of its regular functions
should now need to be called directly).

Three transaction version discriminator ("versions") are now
permissible:
- 0b000000100: Bare (used to be called "Unsigned"): contains Signature
or Extra (extension data). After bare transactions are no longer
supported, this will strictly identify an Inherents only.
- 0b100000100: Old-school "Signed" Transaction: contains Signature and
Extra (extension data).
- 0b010000100: New-school "General" Transaction: contains Extra
(extension data), but no Signature.

For the New-school General Transaction, it becomes trivial for authors
to publish extensions to the mechanism for authorizing an Origin, e.g.
through new kinds of key-signing schemes, ZK proofs, pallet state,
mutations over pre-authenticated origins or any combination of the
above.

## Code Migration

### NOW: Getting it to build

Wrap your `SignedExtension`s in `AsTransactionExtension`. This should be
accompanied by renaming your aggregate type in line with the new
terminology. E.g. Before:

```rust
/// The SignedExtension to the basic transaction logic.
pub type SignedExtra = (
	/* snip */
	MySpecialSignedExtension,
);
/// Unchecked extrinsic type as expected by this runtime.
pub type UncheckedExtrinsic =
	generic::UncheckedExtrinsic<Address, RuntimeCall, Signature, SignedExtra>;
```

After:

```rust
/// The extension to the basic transaction logic.
pub type TxExtension = (
	/* snip */
	AsTransactionExtension<MySpecialSignedExtension>,
);
/// Unchecked extrinsic type as expected by this runtime.
pub type UncheckedExtrinsic =
	generic::UncheckedExtrinsic<Address, RuntimeCall, Signature, TxExtension>;
```

You'll also need to alter any transaction building logic to add a
`.into()` to make the conversion happen. E.g. Before:

```rust
fn construct_extrinsic(
		/* snip */
) -> UncheckedExtrinsic {
	let extra: SignedExtra = (
		/* snip */
		MySpecialSignedExtension::new(/* snip */),
	);
	let payload = SignedPayload::new(call.clone(), extra.clone()).unwrap();
	let signature = payload.using_encoded(|e| sender.sign(e));
	UncheckedExtrinsic::new_signed(
		/* snip */
		Signature::Sr25519(signature),
		extra,
	)
}
```

After:

```rust
fn construct_extrinsic(
		/* snip */
) -> UncheckedExtrinsic {
	let tx_ext: TxExtension = (
		/* snip */
		MySpecialSignedExtension::new(/* snip */).into(),
	);
	let payload = SignedPayload::new(call.clone(), tx_ext.clone()).unwrap();
	let signature = payload.using_encoded(|e| sender.sign(e));
	UncheckedExtrinsic::new_signed(
		/* snip */
		Signature::Sr25519(signature),
		tx_ext,
	)
}
```

### SOON: Migrating to `TransactionExtension`

Most `SignedExtension`s can be trivially converted to become a
`TransactionExtension`. There are a few things to know.

- Instead of a single trait like `SignedExtension`, you should now
implement two traits individually: `TransactionExtensionBase` and
`TransactionExtension`.
- Weights are now a thing and must be provided via the new function `fn
weight`.

#### `TransactionExtensionBase`

This trait takes care of anything which is not dependent on types
specific to your runtime, most notably `Call`.

- `AdditionalSigned`/`additional_signed` is renamed to
`Implicit`/`implicit`.
- Weight must be returned by implementing the `weight` function. If your
extension is associated with a pallet, you'll probably want to do this
via the pallet's existing benchmarking infrastructure.

#### `TransactionExtension`

Generally:
- `pre_dispatch` is now `prepare` and you *should not reexecute the
`validate` functionality in there*!
- You don't get an account ID any more; you get an origin instead. If
you need to presume an account ID, then you can use the trait function
`AsSystemOriginSigner::as_system_origin_signer`.
- You get an additional ticket, similar to `Pre`, called `Val`. This
defines data which is passed from `validate` into `prepare`. This is
important since you should not be duplicating logic from `validate` to
`prepare`, you need a way of passing your working from the former into
the latter. This is it.
- This trait takes two type parameters: `Call` and `Context`. `Call` is
the runtime call type which used to be an associated type; you can just
move it to become a type parameter for your trait impl. `Context` is not
currently used and you can safely implement over it as an unbounded
type.
- There's no `AccountId` associated type any more. Just remove it.

Regarding `validate`:
- You get three new parameters in `validate`; all can be ignored when
migrating from `SignedExtension`.
- `validate` returns a tuple on success; the second item in the tuple is
the new ticket type `Self::Val` which gets passed in to `prepare`. If
you use any information extracted during `validate` (off-chain and
on-chain, non-mutating) in `prepare` (on-chain, mutating) then you can
pass it through with this. For the tuple's last item, just return the
`origin` argument.

Regarding `prepare`:
- This is renamed from `pre_dispatch`, but there is one change:
- FUNCTIONALITY TO VALIDATE THE TRANSACTION NEED NOT BE DUPLICATED FROM
`validate`!!
- (This is different to `SignedExtension` which was required to run the
same checks in `pre_dispatch` as in `validate`.)

Regarding `post_dispatch`:
- Since there are no unsigned transactions handled by
`TransactionExtension`, `Pre` is always defined, so the first parameter
is `Self::Pre` rather than `Option<Self::Pre>`.

If you make use of `SignedExtension::validate_unsigned` or
`SignedExtension::pre_dispatch_unsigned`, then:
- Just use the regular versions of these functions instead.
- Have your logic execute in the case that the `origin` is `None`.
- Ensure your transaction creation logic creates a General Transaction
rather than a Bare Transaction; this means having to include all
`TransactionExtension`s' data.
- `ValidateUnsigned` can still be used (for now) if you need to be able
to construct transactions which contain none of the extension data,
however these will be phased out in stage 2 of the Transactions Horizon,
so you should consider moving to an extension-centric design.

## TODO

- [x] Introduce `CheckSignature` impl of `TransactionExtension` to
ensure it's possible to have crypto be done wholly in a
`TransactionExtension`.
- [x] Deprecate `SignedExtension` and move all uses in codebase to
`TransactionExtension`.
  - [x] `ChargeTransactionPayment`
  - [x] `DummyExtension`
  - [x] `ChargeAssetTxPayment` (asset-tx-payment)
  - [x] `ChargeAssetTxPayment` (asset-conversion-tx-payment)
  - [x] `CheckWeight`
  - [x] `CheckTxVersion`
  - [x] `CheckSpecVersion`
  - [x] `CheckNonce`
  - [x] `CheckNonZeroSender`
  - [x] `CheckMortality`
  - [x] `CheckGenesis`
  - [x] `CheckOnlySudoAccount`
  - [x] `WatchDummy`
  - [x] `PrevalidateAttests`
  - [x] `GenericSignedExtension`
  - [x] `SignedExtension` (chain-polkadot-bulletin)
  - [x] `RefundSignedExtensionAdapter`
- [x] Implement `fn weight` across the board.
- [ ] Go through all pre-existing extensions which assume an account
signer and explicitly handle the possibility of another kind of origin.
- [x] `CheckNonce` should probably succeed in the case of a non-account
origin.
- [x] `CheckNonZeroSender` should succeed in the case of a non-account
origin.
- [x] `ChargeTransactionPayment` and family should fail in the case of a
non-account origin.
  - [ ] 
- [x] Fix any broken tests.

---------

Signed-off-by: default avatargeorgepisaltu <[email protected]>
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      fd5f9292
  9. Mar 03, 2024
  11. Mar 02, 2024
    • gupnik's avatar
      Remove `as frame_system::DefaultConfig` from the required syntax in `derive_impl` (#3505) · cdc8d197
      gupnik authored 
      Step in https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/171

This PR removes the need to specify `as [disambiguation_path]` for cases
where the trait definition resides within the same scope as default impl
path.

For example, in the following macro invocation
```rust
#[derive_impl(frame_system::config_preludes::TestDefaultConfig as frame_system::DefaultConfig)]
impl frame_system::Config for Runtime {
   ...
}
```
the trait `DefaultConfig` lies within the `frame_system` scope and
`TestDefaultConfig` impls the `DefaultConfig` trait. Using this
information, we can compute the disambiguation path internally, thus
removing the need of an explicit specification.

In cases where the trait lies outside this scope, we would still need to
specify it explicitly, but this should take care of most (if not all)
uses of `derive_impl` within FRAME's context.
      cdc8d197
  13. Mar 01, 2024
    • Alin Dima's avatar
      provisioner: allow multiple cores assigned to the same para (#3233) · 62b78a16
      Alin Dima authored 
      https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3130

builds on top of https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/3160

Processes the availability cores and builds a record of how many
candidates it should request from prospective-parachains and their
predecessors.
Tries to supply as many candidates as the runtime can back. Note that
the runtime changes to back multiple candidates per para are not yet
done, but this paves the way for it.

The following backing/inclusion policy is assumed:
1. the runtime will never back candidates of the same para which don't
form a chain with the already backed candidates. Even if the others are
still pending availability. We're optimistic that they won't time out
and we don't want to back parachain forks (as the complexity would be
huge).
2. if a candidate is timed out of the core before being included, all of
its successors occupying a core will be evicted.
3. only the candidates which are made available and form a chain
starting from the on-chain para head may be included/enacted and cleared
from the cores. In other words, if para head is at A and the cores are
occupied by B->C->D, and B and D are made available, only B will be
included and its core cleared. C and D will remain on the cores awaiting
for C to be made available or timed out. As point (2) above already
says, if C is timed out, D will also be dropped.
4. The runtime will deduplicate candidates which form a cycle. For
example if the provisioner supplies candidates A->B->A, the runtime will
only back A (as the state output will be the same)

Note that if a candidate is timed out, we don't guarantee that in the
next relay chain block the block author will be able to fill all of the
timed out cores of the para. That increases complexity by a lot.
Instead, the provisioner will supply N candidates where N is the number
of candidates timed out, but doesn't include their successors which will
be also deleted by the runtime. This'll be backfilled in the next relay
chain block.

Adjacent changes:
- Also fixes: https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3141
- For non prospective-parachains, don't supply multiple candidates per
para (we can't have elastic scaling without prospective parachains
enabled). paras_inherent should already sanitise this input but it's
more efficient this way.

Note: all of these changes are backwards-compatible with the
non-elastic-scaling scenario (one core per para).
      62b78a16
    • Andrei Eres's avatar
      subsystem-bench: add regression tests for availability read and write (#3311) · f0e589d7
      Andrei Eres authored 
      

### What's been done
- `subsystem-bench` has been split into two parts: a cli benchmark
runner and a library.
- The cli runner is quite simple. It just allows us to run `.yaml` based
test sequences. Now it should only be used to run benchmarks during
development.
- The library is used in the cli runner and in regression tests. Some
code is changed to make the library independent of the runner.
- Added first regression tests for availability read and write that
replicate existing test sequences.

### How we run regression tests
- Regression tests are simply rust integration tests without the
harnesses.
- They should only be compiled under the `subsystem-benchmarks` feature
to prevent them from running with other tests.
- This doesn't work when running tests with `nextest` in CI, so
additional filters have been added to the `nextest` runs.
- Each benchmark run takes a different time in the beginning, so we
"warm up" the tests until their CPU usage differs by only 1%.
- After the warm-up, we run the benchmarks a few more times and compare
the average with the exception using a precision.

### What is still wrong?
- I haven't managed to set up approval voting tests. The spread of their
results is too large and can't be narrowed down in a reasonable amount
of time in the warm-up phase.
- The tests start an unconfigurable prometheus endpoint inside, which
causes errors because they use the same 9999 port. I disable it with a
flag, but I think it's better to extract the endpoint launching outside
the test, as we already do with `valgrind` and `pyroscope`. But we still
use `prometheus` inside the tests.

### Future work
* https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3528
* https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3529
* https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3530
* https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3531

---------

Co-authored-by: default avatarAlexander Samusev <[email protected]>
      f0e589d7
    • Xiliang Chen's avatar
      make SelfParaId a metadata constant (#3517) · 6f81a4a0
      Xiliang Chen authored 
      expose para id via metadata

#2116 is blocked by this
      6f81a4a0
    • Dmitry Markin's avatar
      Fix crash of synced parachain node run with `--sync=warp` (#3523) · a1b57a8c
      Dmitry Markin authored 
      Fixes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3496.
      a1b57a8c
    • Egor_P's avatar
      [Backport] Node version and spec_version bumps and ordering of the prdoc files from 1.8.0 (#3508) · 59b26614
      Egor_P authored 
      This PR backports Node version and `spec_version` bumps to `1.8.0` from
the latest release and orders prdoc files related to it.
      59b26614
    • Francisco Aguirre's avatar
      Add `claim_assets` extrinsic to `pallet-xcm` (#3403) · 65088668
      Francisco Aguirre authored 
      

If an XCM execution fails or ends with leftover assets, these will be
trapped.
In order to claim them, a custom XCM has to be executed, with the
`ClaimAsset` instruction.
However, arbitrary XCM execution is not allowed everywhere yet and XCM
itself is still not easy enough to use for users out there with trapped
assets.
This new extrinsic in `pallet-xcm` will allow these users to easily
claim their assets, without concerning themselves with writing arbitrary
XCMs.

Part of fixing https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3495

---------

Co-authored-by: command-bot <>
Co-authored-by: default avatarAdrian Catangiu <[email protected]>
      65088668
  15. Feb 29, 2024
  17. Feb 28, 2024
    • Alexandru Gheorghe's avatar
      Fixup multi-collator parachain transition to async backing (#3510) · 833bafdb
      Alexandru Gheorghe authored 
      

Fixing: 
```
Verification failed for block 0x07bbf1e04121d70a4bdb21cc055132b53ac2390fa95c4d05497fc91b1e8bf7f5 received from (12D3KooWJzLd8skcAgA24EcJey7aJAhYctfUxWGjSP5Usk9wbpPZ): "Header 0x07bbf1e04121d70a4bdb21cc055132b53ac2390fa95c4d05497fc91b1e8bf7f5 rejected: too far in the future"   
```

---------

Signed-off-by: default avatarAlexandru Gheorghe <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: default avatarDmitry Sinyavin <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: default avatars0me0ne-unkn0wn <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: default avatarBastian Köcher <[email protected]>
      833bafdb
    • Oliver Tale-Yazdi's avatar
      Multi-Block-Migrations, `poll` hook and new System callbacks (#1781) · eefd5fe4
      Oliver Tale-Yazdi authored 
      

This MR is the merge of
https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/pull/14414 and
https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/pull/14275. It implements
[RFC#13](https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/RFCs/pull/13), closes
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/198.

----- 

This Merge request introduces three major topicals:

1. Multi-Block-Migrations
1. New pallet `poll` hook for periodic service work
1. Replacement hooks for `on_initialize` and `on_finalize` in cases
where `poll` cannot be used

and some more general changes to FRAME.  
The changes for each topical span over multiple crates. They are listed
in topical order below.

# 1.) Multi-Block-Migrations

Multi-Block-Migrations are facilitated by creating `pallet_migrations`
and configuring `System::Config::MultiBlockMigrator` to point to it.
Executive picks this up and triggers one step of the migrations pallet
per block.
The chain is in lockdown mode for as long as an MBM is ongoing.
Executive does this by polling `MultiBlockMigrator::ongoing` and not
allowing any transaction in a block, if true.

A MBM is defined through trait `SteppedMigration`. A condensed version
looks like this:
```rust
/// A migration that can proceed in multiple steps.
pub trait SteppedMigration {
	type Cursor: FullCodec + MaxEncodedLen;
	type Identifier: FullCodec + MaxEncodedLen;

	fn id() -> Self::Identifier;

	fn max_steps() -> Option<u32>;

	fn step(
		cursor: Option<Self::Cursor>,
		meter: &mut WeightMeter,
	) -> Result<Option<Self::Cursor>, SteppedMigrationError>;
}
```

`pallet_migrations` can be configured with an aggregated tuple of these
migrations. It then starts to migrate them one-by-one on the next
runtime upgrade.
Two things are important here:
- 1. Doing another runtime upgrade while MBMs are ongoing is not a good
idea and can lead to messed up state.
- 2. **Pallet Migrations MUST BE CONFIGURED IN `System::Config`,
otherwise it is not used.**

The pallet supports an `UpgradeStatusHandler` that can be used to notify
external logic of upgrade start/finish (for example to pause XCM
dispatch).

Error recovery is very limited in the case that a migration errors or
times out (exceeds its `max_steps`). Currently the runtime dev can
decide in `FailedMigrationHandler::failed` how to handle this. One
follow-up would be to pair this with the `SafeMode` pallet and enact
safe mode when an upgrade fails, to allow governance to rescue the
chain. This is currently not possible, since governance is not
`Mandatory`.

## Runtime API

- `Core`: `initialize_block` now returns `ExtrinsicInclusionMode` to
inform the Block Author whether they can push transactions.

### Integration

Add it to your runtime implementation of `Core` and `BlockBuilder`:
```patch
diff --git a/runtime/src/lib.rs b/runtime/src/lib.rs
@@ impl_runtime_apis! {
	impl sp_block_builder::Core<Block> for Runtime {
-		fn initialize_block(header: &<Block as BlockT>::Header) {
+		fn initialize_block(header: &<Block as BlockT>::Header) -> RuntimeExecutiveMode {
			Executive::initialize_block(header)
		}

		...
	}
```

# 2.) `poll` hook

A new pallet hook is introduced: `poll`. `Poll` is intended to replace
mostly all usage of `on_initialize`.
The reason for this is that any code that can be called from
`on_initialize` cannot be migrated through an MBM. Currently there is no
way to statically check this; the implication is to use `on_initialize`
as rarely as possible.
Failing to do so can result in broken storage invariants.

The implementation of the poll hook depends on the `Runtime API` changes
that are explained above.

# 3.) Hard-Deadline callbacks

Three new callbacks are introduced and configured on `System::Config`:
`PreInherents`, `PostInherents` and `PostTransactions`.
These hooks are meant as replacement for `on_initialize` and
`on_finalize` in cases where the code that runs cannot be moved to
`poll`.
The reason for this is to make the usage of HD-code (hard deadline) more
explicit - again to prevent broken invariants by MBMs.

# 4.) FRAME (general changes)

## `frame_system` pallet

A new memorize storage item `InherentsApplied` is added. It is used by
executive to track whether inherents have already been applied.
Executive and can then execute the MBMs directly between inherents and
transactions.

The `Config` gets five new items:
- `SingleBlockMigrations` this is the new way of configuring migrations
that run in a single block. Previously they were defined as last generic
argument of `Executive`. This shift is brings all central configuration
about migrations closer into view of the developer (migrations that are
configured in `Executive` will still work for now but is deprecated).
- `MultiBlockMigrator` this can be configured to an engine that drives
MBMs. One example would be the `pallet_migrations`. Note that this is
only the engine; the exact MBMs are injected into the engine.
- `PreInherents` a callback that executes after `on_initialize` but
before inherents.
- `PostInherents` a callback that executes after all inherents ran
(including MBMs and `poll`).
- `PostTransactions` in symmetry to `PreInherents`, this one is called
before `on_finalize` but after all transactions.

A sane default is to set all of these to `()`. Example diff suitable for
any chain:
```patch
@@ impl frame_system::Config for Test {
 	type MaxConsumers = ConstU32<16>;
+	type SingleBlockMigrations = ();
+	type MultiBlockMigrator = ();
+	type PreInherents = ();
+	type PostInherents = ();
+	type PostTransactions = ();
 }
```

An overview of how the block execution now looks like is here. The same
graph is also in the rust doc.

<details><summary>Block Execution Flow</summary>
<p>

![Screenshot 2023-12-04 at 19 11
29](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/assets/10380170/e88a80c4-ef11-4faa-8df5-8b33a724c054)

</p>
</details> 

## Inherent Order

Moved to https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/2154

---------------


## TODO

- [ ] Check that `try-runtime` still works
- [ ] Ensure backwards compatibility with old Runtime APIs
- [x] Consume weight correctly
- [x] Cleanup

---------

Signed-off-by: default avatarOliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: default avatarLiam Aharon <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: default avatarJuan Girini <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>
Co-authored-by: default avatarFrancisco Aguirre <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: default avatarGavin Wood <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: default avatarBastian Köcher <[email protected]>
      eefd5fe4
    • Clara van Staden's avatar
      Snowbridge - Extract Ethereum Chain ID (#3501) · 576681b8
      Clara van Staden authored 
      While adding runtime tests to
https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/runtimes/pull/130, I noticed the
Ethereum chain ID was hardcoded. For Kusama + Polkadot, the Ethereum
chain ID should 1 (Mainnet), whereas on Rococo it is 11155111 (Sepolia).

This PR also updates the Snowbridge crates versions to the current
versions on crates.io.

---------

Co-authored-by: claravanstaden <Cats 4 life!>
      576681b8
    • maksimryndin's avatar
      PVF: re-preparing artifact on failed runtime construction (#3187) · 42613667
      maksimryndin authored 
      

resolve https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3139

- [x] use a distinguishable error for `execute_artifact`
- [x] remove artifact in case of a `RuntimeConstruction` error during
the execution
- [x] augment the `validate_candidate_with_retry` of `ValidationBackend`
with the case of retriable `RuntimeConstruction` error during the
execution
- [x] update the book
(https://paritytech.github.io/polkadot-sdk/book/node/utility/pvf-host-and-workers.html#retrying-execution-requests)
- [x] add a test
- [x] run zombienet tests

---------

Co-authored-by: default avatars0me0ne-unkn0wn <[email protected]>
      42613667
    • Kian Paimani's avatar
      Add documentation around FRAME Offchain workers (#3463) · 14530269
      Kian Paimani authored 
      

- deprecation companion:
https://github.com/substrate-developer-hub/substrate-docs/pull/2136
- inspired by
https://substrate.stackexchange.com/questions/11058/how-can-i-create-ocw-that-wont-activates-every-block-but-will-activates-only-w/11060#11060

---------

Co-authored-by: default avatarSergej Sakac <[email protected]>
      14530269