The XCM builder pattern lets you build xcms like so:

```rust
let xcm = Xcm::builder()
    .withdraw_asset((Parent, 100u128).into())
    .buy_execution((Parent, 1u128).into())
    .deposit_asset(All.into(), AccountId32 { id: [0u8; 32], network: None }.into())
    .build();
```

All the `.into()` become quite annoying to have to write.
I accepted `impl Into<T>` instead of `T` in the generated methods from
the macro.
Now the previous example can be simplified as follows:

```rust
let xcm = Xcm::builder()
    .withdraw_asset((Parent, 100u128))
    .buy_execution((Parent, 1u128))
    .deposit_asset(All, [0u8; 32])
    .build();
```

---------

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <git@kchr.de>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>
Co-authored-by: Adrian Catangiu <adrian@parity.io>

## Basic example showcasing a migration using the MBM framework

This PR has been built on top of
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/1781 and adds two new
example crates to the `examples` pallet

### Changes Made:

Added the `pallet-example-mbm` crate: This crate provides a minimal
example of a pallet that uses MBM. It showcases a storage migration
where values are migrated from a `u32` to a `u64`.

---------

Signed-off-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <oliver.tale-yazdi@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <oliver.tale-yazdi@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: Liam Aharon <liam.aharon@hotmail.com>

Closes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/2977

The issue appears to stem from the `aquamarine` crate failing to render
diagrams in re-exported crates.

e.g. as raised
[here](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/2977), diagrams
would render at `frame_support::traits::Hooks` but not the re-exported
doc `frame::traits::Hooks`, even if I added `aquamarine` as a `frame`
crate dependency.

To resolve this, I followed advice in
https://github.com/mersinvald/aquamarine/issues/20 to instead render
mermaid diagrams directly using JS by adding an `after-content.js`.

---

Also fixes compile warnings, enables `--all-features` and disallows
future warnings in CI.

---------

Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <5588131+kianenigma@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <git@kchr.de>

CI will be enforcing this with next parity-publish release

Use of `- >` instead of `- |` workarounds GitLab quirk when it crops
collapsed multiline `script:` section commands in its CI job logs.
This PR also fixes `- |` based `script:` steps to behave properly after
`- >` conversion.

Resolves https://github.com/paritytech/ci_cd/issues/972.

Step in https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3155

Needed for https://github.com/paritytech/eng-automation/issues/6

This PR renames `frame` crate to `polkadot-sdk-frame` as `frame` is not
available on crates.io

---------

Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <5588131+kianenigma@users.noreply.github.com>

Remove `fetch_next_scheduled_on_core` in favor of new wrapper and
methods for accessing it.

---------

Signed-off-by: Andrei Sandu <andrei-mihail@parity.io>

Enables pov-reclaim on the rococo/westend parachains, part of
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3622

This PR ensure that the distance between any leaf and the finalized
block is within a reasonable distance.

For a new subscription, the chainHead has to provide all blocks between
the leaves of the chain and the finalized block.
 When the distance between a leaf and the finalized block is large:
 - The tree route is costly to compute
 - We could deliver an unbounded number of blocks (potentially millions)
(For more details see
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/3445#discussion_r1507210283)

The configuration of the ChainHead is extended with:
- suspend on lagging distance: When the distance between any leaf and
the finalized block is greater than this number, the subscriptions are
suspended for a given duration.
- All active subscriptions are terminated with the `Stop` event, all
blocks are unpinned and data discarded.
- For incoming subscriptions, until the suspended period expires the
subscriptions will immediately receive the `Stop` event.
    - Defaults to 128 blocks
- suspended duration: The amount of time for which subscriptions are
suspended
    - Defaults to 30 seconds
 
 
 cc @paritytech/subxt-team

---------

Signed-off-by: Alexandru Vasile <alexandru.vasile@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: Sebastian Kunert <skunert49@gmail.com>

Added tests for XCM barriers: `AllowSubscriptions`, `WithUniqueTopic` and `TrailingSetTopicAsId` (#3955)

Closes: https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/1756

Closes: https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3909

fixes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3775

Additionally moves the claim queue fetch utilities into
`subsystem-util`.

TODO:
- [x] fix tests
- [x] add elastic scaling tests

---------

Signed-off-by: Andrei Sandu <andrei-mihail@parity.io>

Fixes
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3884#issuecomment-2026058687

After moving regression tests to benchmarks
(https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/3741) we don't need to
filter tests anymore.

---------

Signed-off-by: Alexandru Vasile <alexandru.vasile@parity.io>
Signed-off-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <oliver.tale-yazdi@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: Andrei Sandu <54316454+sandreim@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Alin Dima <alin@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: Andrei Sandu <andrei-mihail@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <oliver.tale-yazdi@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: Javier Viola <363911+pepoviola@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Serban Iorga <serban@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: Adrian Catangiu <adrian@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <git@kchr.de>
Co-authored-by: Alexandru Vasile <60601340+lexnv@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Niklas Adolfsson <niklasadolfsson1@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Dastan <88332432+dastansam@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Liam Aharon <liam.aharon@hotmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Clara van Staden <claravanstaden64@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Ron <yrong1997@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Vincent Geddes <vincent@snowfork.com>
Co-authored-by: Svyatoslav Nikolsky <svyatonik@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <info@kchr.de>

Adds implementation for `SortedMembers::add` for _pallet-membership_
benchmarks.

---------

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <git@kchr.de>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>

Added `TryFrom<&'a RuntimeString> for &'a str`

This PR includes the following 2 improvements:

## Ethereum Client

Author: @yrong 
### Original Upstream PRs
- https://github.com/Snowfork/polkadot-sdk/pull/123
- https://github.com/Snowfork/polkadot-sdk/pull/125

### Description
The Ethereum client syncs beacon headers as they are finalized, and
imports every execution header. When a message is received, it is
verified against the import execution header. This is unnecessary, since
the execution header can be sent with the message as proof. The recent
Deneb Ethereum upgrade made it easier to locate the relevant beacon
header from an execution header, and so this improvement was made
possible. This resolves a concern @svyatonik had in our initial Rococo
PR:
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/2522#discussion_r1431270691

## Inbound Queue

Author: @yrong 
### Original Upstream PR
- https://github.com/Snowfork/polkadot-sdk/pull/118

### Description
When the AH sovereign account (who pays relayer rewards) is depleted,
the inbound message will not fail. The relayer just will not receive
rewards.

Both these changes were done by @yrong, many thanks. 

️

---------

Co-authored-by: claravanstaden <Cats 4 life!>
Co-authored-by: Ron <yrong1997@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Vincent Geddes <vincent@snowfork.com>
Co-authored-by: Svyatoslav Nikolsky <svyatonik@gmail.com>

migrations: prevent accidentally using unversioned migrations instead of `VersionedMigration` (#3835)

closes #1324 

#### Problem
Currently, it is possible to accidentally use inner unversioned
migration instead of `VersionedMigration` since both implement
`OnRuntimeUpgrade`.

#### Solution

With this change, we make it clear that value of `Inner` is not intended
to be used directly. It is achieved by bounding `Inner` to new trait
`UncheckedOnRuntimeUpgrade`, which has the same interface (except
`unchecked_` prefix) as `OnRuntimeUpgrade`.

#### `try-runtime` functions

Since developers can implement `try-runtime` for `Inner` value in
`VersionedMigration` and have custom logic for it, I added the same
`try-runtime` functions to `UncheckedOnRuntimeUpgrade`. I looked for a
ways to not duplicate functions, but couldn't find anything that doesn't
significantly change the codebase. So I would appreciate If you have any
suggestions to improve this

cc @liamaharon @xlc 

polkadot address: 16FqwPZ8GRC5U5D4Fu7W33nA...

Working towards migrating the `parity-bridges-common` repo inside
`polkadot-sdk`. This PR upgrades some dependencies in order to align
them with the versions used in `parity-bridges-common`

Related to
https://github.com/paritytech/parity-bridges-common/issues/2538

chainHead: Allow methods to be called from within a single connection context and limit connections (#3481)

This PR ensures that the chainHead RPC class can be called only from
within the same connection context.

The chainHead methods are now registered as raw methods. 
- https://github.com/paritytech/jsonrpsee/pull/1297
The concept of raw methods is introduced in jsonrpsee, which is an async
method that exposes the connection ID:
The raw method doesn't have the concept of a blocking method. Previously
blocking methods are now spawning a blocking task to handle their
blocking (ie DB) access. We spawn the same number of tasks as before,
however we do that explicitly.

Another approach would be implementing a RPC middleware that captures
and decodes the method parameters:
- https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/3343
However, that approach is prone to errors since the methods are
hardcoded by name. Performace is affected by the double deserialization
that needs to happen to extract the subscription ID we'd like to limit.
Once from the middleware, and once from the methods itself.

This PR paves the way to implement the chainHead connection limiter:
- https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/1505
Registering tokens (subscription ID / operation ID) on the
`RpcConnections` could be extended to return an error when the maximum
number of operations is reached.

While at it, have added an integration-test to ensure that chainHead
methods can be called from within the same connection context.

Before this is merged, a new JsonRPC release should be made to expose
the `raw-methods`:
- [x] Use jsonrpsee from crates io (blocked by:
https://github.com/paritytech/jsonrpsee/pull/1297)

Closes: https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3207


cc @paritytech/subxt-team

---------

Signed-off-by: Alexandru Vasile <alexandru.vasile@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: Niklas Adolfsson <niklasadolfsson1@gmail.com>

This outputs:
```
2024-04-02 14:36:02.135 ERROR tokio-runtime-worker beefy: 🥩 for session starting at block 21990151
no BEEFY authority key found in store, you must generate valid session keys
(https://wiki.polkadot.network/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-validate-polkadot#generating-the-session-keys)
```
error log entry, once every session, for nodes running with
`Role::Authority` that have no public BEEFY key in their keystore

---------

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <git@kchr.de>

Pulling the latest changes from `parity-bridges-common`

This version includes:

- Internal metrics of zombienet (used to benchmark with v2).

When using `schedule_code_upgrade` to change the code of a parachain in
the relay chain runtime, we had already fixed to not set the `GoAhead`
signal. This was done to not brick any parachain after the upgrade,
because they were seeing the signal without having any upgrade prepared.
The remaining problem is that the parachain code is only upgraded after
a parachain header was enacted, aka the parachain made some progress.
However, this is quite complicated if the parachain is bricked (which is
the most common scenario why to manually schedule a code upgrade). Thus,
this pull request replaces `SetGoAhead` with `UpgradeStrategy` to signal
to the logic kind of strategy want to use. The strategies are either
`SetGoAheadSignal` or `ApplyAtExpectedBlock`. `SetGoAheadSignal` sets
the go ahead signal as before and awaits a parachain block.
`ApplyAtExpectedBlock` schedules the upgrade and applies it directly at
the `expected_block` without waiting for the parachain to make any kind
of progress.

Fix "double-weights" for extrinsics, use only the ones benchmarked in
the runtime.

Deprecate extrinsics that don't specify WeightLimit, remove their usage
across the repo.

---------

Signed-off-by: Adrian Catangiu <adrian@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>

derive-syn-parse v0.2.0 came out recently which (finally) adds support
for syn 2x.

Upgrading to this will remove many of the places where syn 1x was still
compiling alongside syn 2x in the polkadot-sdk workspace.

This also upgrades `docify` to 0.2.8 which is the version that upgrades
derive-syn-pasre to 0.2.0.

Additionally, this consolidates the `docify` versions in the repo to all
use the latest, and in one case upgrades to the 0.2x syntax where 0.1.x
was still being used.

---------

Co-authored-by: Liam Aharon <liam.aharon@hotmail.com>

Rejoice! Rejoice! The story is nearly over.

This PR removes stale migrations, auxiliary structures, and package
dependencies, thus making Rococo and Westend totally free from any
`im-online`-related stuff.

`im-online` still stays a part of the Substrate node and its runtime:
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/blob/0d932484/substrate/bin/node/runtime/src/lib.rs#L2276-L2277
I'm not sure if it makes sense to remove it from there considering that
we're not removing `im-online` from FRAME. Please share your opinion.

fix https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3921

---------

Signed-off-by: Andrei Sandu <andrei-mihail@parity.io>

Fix links

Related CI failure:
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/actions/runs/8455425042/job/23162858534?pr=3859

Runtime release 1.2 includes bumping of the ParachainHost APIs up to
v10, so let's move all the released APIs out of vstaging folder, this PR
does not include any logic changes only renaming of the modules and some
moving around.

Signed-off-by: Alexandru Gheorghe <alexandru.gheorghe@parity.io>

Test started failing after
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/commit/66051adb


which enabled approval coalescing, that was expected to happen because
the test required an polkadot_parachain_approval_checking_finality_lag
of 0, which can't happen with max_approval_coalesce_count greater than 1
because we always delay the approval for no_show_duration_ticks/2 in
case we can coalesce it with other approvals.


So relax a bit the restrictions, since we don't actually care that the
lags are 0, but the fact the finalities are progressing and are not
stuck.

Signed-off-by: Alexandru Gheorghe <alexandru.gheorghe@parity.io>

Related Issue https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3398

This PR makes permissionless withdrawing the default option, giving any
network participant access to claim pool rewards on member's behalf. Of
course, members can still opt out of this by setting a `Permissioned`
claim permission.

Permissionless claiming has been a part of the nomination pool pallet
for around 9 months now, with very limited uptake (~4% of total pool
members). 1.6% of pool members are using `PermissionlessAll`, strongly
suggesting it is not wanted - it is too ambiguous and doesn't provide
guidance to claimers.

Stakers expect rewards to be claimed on their behalf by default - I have
expanded upon this in detail within the [accompanying issue's
discussion](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3398).
Other protocols have this behaviour, whereby staking rewards are
received without the staker having to take any action. From this
perspective, permissionless claiming is not intuitive for pool members.
As evidence of this, over 150,000 DOT is currently unclaimed on
Polkadot, and is growing at a non-linear rate.

fixes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3886

---------

Signed-off-by: Andrei Sandu <andrei-mihail@parity.io>

This PR introduces a refactor of the parachain runtime configuration by
consolidating all pallet configurations into a new module named
`configs`. This change aims to improve the readability and
maintainability of the runtime configuration by centralizing all
configuration parameters.

## Changes
- **Creation of `configs.rs`**: A new file `configs.rs` has been added
under `templates/parachain/runtime/src/`, containing all the runtime
configurations previously scattered across `lib.rs`.
- **Refactoring of `lib.rs`**: The `lib.rs` file has been significantly
slimmed down by removing the inline pallet configurations and importing
them from `configs.rs` instead.
- **Optimization of Import Statements**: Reorganized import statements
to clarify the runtime's dependency structure.

### Benefits
- **Improved Readability**: With configurations being centralized,
developers can now easily locate and review runtime parameters without
navigating through the `lib.rs` file.

This refactor does not introduce any changes to the runtime logic but
improves the project structure for better development experience.

---------

Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <5588131+kianenigma@users.noreply.github.com>

The metric records the current protocol_version of the validator that
just connected with the peer_map.len(), which contains all peers that
connected, that has the effect the metric will be wrong since it won't
tell us how many peers we have connected per version because it will
always record the total number of peers

Fix this by counting by version inside peer_map, additionally because
that might be a bit heavier than len(), publish it only on-active
leaves.

---------

Signed-off-by: Alexandru Gheorghe <alexandru.gheorghe@parity.io>

Part of #3326 

cc @Kianenigma @ggwpez @liamaharon

 

polkadot address: 12poSUQPtcF1HUPQGY3zZu2P8emuW9YnsPduA4XG3oCEfJVp

---------

Signed-off-by: Matteo Muraca <mmuraca247@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Liam Aharon <liam.aharon@hotmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <5588131+kianenigma@users.noreply.github.com>

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <git@kchr.de>

Closes: https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3906

Closes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk-docs/issues/70

WIP PR for an overview of how to develop tokens in FRAME. 

- [x] Tokens in Substrate Ref Doc
  - High-level overview of the token-related logic in FRAME
- Improve docs with better explanation of how holds, freezes, ed, free
balance, etc, all work
- [x] Update `pallet_balances` docs
  - Clearly mark what is deprecated (currency)
- [x] Write fungible trait docs
- [x] Evaluate and if required update `pallet_assets`, `pallet_uniques`,
`pallet_nfts` docs
- [x] Absorb https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/2683/
- [x] Audit individual trait method docs, and improve if possible

Feel free to suggest additional TODOs for this PR in the comments

---------

Co-authored-by: Bill Laboon <laboon@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Francisco Aguirre <franciscoaguirreperez@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <5588131+kianenigma@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Sebastian Kunert <skunert49@gmail.com>

Fixes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3887.

Currently, all protocols use the same metric name for
`mpsc-notification-to-protocol` this is bad because we can't actually
tell which protocol might cause problems.

This patch proposes we derive the name of the metric from the protocol
name, so that we have separate metrics for each protocol and properly
detect which one is having problem processing its messages.

---------

Signed-off-by: Alexandru Gheorghe <alexandru.gheorghe@parity.io>