* Introduce new option "always force new era".

* Take appropriate action, even for small offences.

- Deselect the offender in all circumstances
- Ensure that deselection forces a new era
- Ensure that forcing a new era works with the always-forcing.

* Bump runtime

* Remove footgun around session keys/handlers

- `OpaqueKeys` now has an associated type `KeyTypeIdProviders`. This can
be used in the runtime as input for `SessionHandler` from the session
trait.
- `impl_opaque_keys` now works with modules and extracts the `KeyTypeId`
from the module directly.
- Added some checks to the `session` storage initialization that checks
that the `SessionHandler` and `Keys` use the same number of keys and
that the order is equal.

* Update core/sr-primitives/src/traits.rs

* minor changes

* Refactors for phragmen-election

* Bump.

* Fix genesis stuff

* Fix rest of the errors

* Add force_unstake to staking as root operation.

* Bump runtime

* Tests

* Update srml/staking/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>

* Implement Printable for tuples.

* Add debugging function.

* Add debug 1.

* Implement  for everything.

* RuntimeDebug derive.

* Introduce RuntimeDebug.

* Add some dummy logging.

* Replace RuntimeDebug with Debug.

* Revert "Replace RuntimeDebug with Debug."

This reverts commit bc47070a8cb30241b2b590b2fa29fd195088162f.

* Working on Debug for all.

* Fix bounds.

* Add debug utils.

* Implement runtime logging.

* Add some docs and clean up.

* Clean up derives.

* Fix custom derive impl.

* Bump runtime.

* Fix long lines.

* Fix doc test.

* Use CARGO_CFG_STD.

* Revert "Use CARGO_CFG_STD."

This reverts commit ea429566de18ed0fa052571b359eb9826a64a9f4.

* Use parse_macro_input

* Update lockfile.

* Apply review suggestions.

* Remove stray re-export.

* Add no-std impl.

* Update lockfile.

* parse decl_storage getters with fn keyword

* test for get in decl_storage

* update all decl_storage! getters

* bump version

* adjust missed doc line

* Initial draft that compiles

* Extract payment stuff from balances

* Extract multiplier update stuff from system

* Some fixes.

* Update len-fee as well

* some review comments.

* Remove todo

* bump

This function executes the given closure in a context where the test
externalities are set. This makes the srml tests easier to write, as the
test externalities need to be created anyway.

* Move `Externalities` into `substrate-externalities`

- `Externalities` now support generic extensions
- Split of `primtives-storage` for storage primitive types

* Move the externalities scoping into `substrate-externalities`

* Fix compilation

* Review feedback

* Adds macro for declaring extensions

* Fix benchmarks

* Introduce `ExtensionStore` trait

* Last review comments

* Implement it for `ExtensionStore`

* Update all dependencies

* Upgrade dependencies whenever “easy”

“easy” means that there are no major changes required.

* Fix build and bump paste dependency to 0.1.6

* Remove dead code

* Re-add = dependency for futures-preview

* Add missing std features for runtime-io

* Remove git dependencies

as updated versions have been published to crates.io

* try to debug bug

* For sr-io, "std" should imply "no_oom" and "no_panic_handler".

Otherwise, rustc complains (correctly) about duplicate lang items.

* Add missing "runtime-io/std" features

* Fix compilation errors

* Prevent duplicate lang items

Rust does not allow duplicate lang items.  When compiled without the
`std` feature, `sr-io` defines two lang items.  Therefore, `sr-io`
compiled without `feature = "std"` must not be linked with `std`.

However, `pwasm-utils` and `wasmi-validation` both bring in `std` unless
compiled with `default-features = "false"`.  This caused a duplicate
lang item error.  Building both with `default-features = "false"`
prevents this error.  When building with `feature = "std"`, they should
both be built with the `std` feature, so this feature needs to be
explicitly depended on.

* Bump `impl_version`

* Make tests pass

Three tests used 1 less gas than they had previously.

* Try to un-break build

* Add a Cargo.lock file

* Revert offchain code

* Revert "Revert offchain code"

This reverts commit d216d08cc6ca0344614669c1d24cde3aa5c0d4e2.

* Don’t try to send a body with a GET request

without adding a Transfer-Encoding or Content-Length header.

This has always been wrong, but hyperium/hyper#1925 hid the bug until
hyper was upgraded to 0.12.35.

* Change some more GET requests to POST requests

* Fix excess line width and remove an `extern crate`

* Delete commented-out extern crate

Co-Authored-By: Sergei Pepyakin <[email protected]>

* Fix regression in Cargo.toml files

dev-dependencies need `default-features = false`, too.

* Bump parity-wasm dependency

* Bump `futures-preview`

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update Cargo.lock files

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update core/service/src/chain_ops.rs

Co-Authored-By: Sergei Pepyakin <[email protected]>

* impl

* patch

* lock

* some refactor

* some avoided copy

* new api without ref for doublemap

* fix

* version bump

* fix

* point to incoming release

* use codec latest

* bumpd impl version

* fix unused

* fix

* Update srml/support/src/storage/mod.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Fix phragmen loop

* Bump.

* Macro-ify perthings.

* Refactor fixed64

* Half-workign phragmen refactor.

* Finalize phragmen refactor.

* Fix creation of perquintill

* Fix build errors

* Line-width

* Fix more build errors.

* Line-width

* Fix offence test

* Resolve all TODOs.

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-Authored-By: Gavin Wood <[email protected]>
Co-Authored-By: thiolliere <[email protected]>

* Fix most of the review comments.

* Updates to multiply by rational

* Fxi build

* Fix abs issue with Fixed64

* Fix tests and improvements.

* Fix build

* Remove more tests from staking.

* Review comments.

* Add fuzzing stuff.

* Better fuzzing

* Better doc.

* Bump.

* Master.into()

* A bit more hardening.

* Final nits.

* Update lock

* Fix indent.

* Revert lock file.

* Bump.

* Forbid default values for Option types in decl_storage!

* fix test errors

* bump impl_version

* decl_storage imports needed traits

* bump impl_version

* Update srml/system/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>

* Update srml/system/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>

* move test in tests dir

* comment

* refactor

* Draft for new design of NPoS rewards

* finish code

* fix test

* add tests

* improve log test

* version bump

* Update srml/staking/reward-curve/Cargo.toml

Co-Authored-By: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>

* u128 -> u64

* make conversion to smaller type safe

* Update core/sr-primitives/src/curve.rs

Co-Authored-By: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>

* Force new era only when over third validators is disabled.

* Update srml/session/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update srml/staking/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Parametrize the threshold.

* Bump runtime version.

* Update node/runtime/src/lib.rs

* Fix build.

* Fix im-online test.

* phragmen election module.

* Add new files.

* Some doc update

* Update weights.

* bump and a few nits.

* Performance improvement.

* Master.into()

* Update srml/elections-phragmen/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Gavin Wood <[email protected]>

* Fix build

* Some fixes.

* Fix build.

* Proper outgoing and runner-up managment.

* Bit more sensical weight values.

* Update srml/elections-phragmen/src/lib.rs

* Update srml/elections-phragmen/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Gavin Wood <[email protected]>

* Update srml/elections-phragmen/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Gavin Wood <[email protected]>

* Update srml/elections-phragmen/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Gavin Wood <[email protected]>

* fix lock file

* Fix build.

* Remove runner-ups

* Some refactors.

* Add support for reporting voters.

* Fix member check.

* Remove equlize.rs

* Update srml/elections-phragmen/src/lib.rs

* Update srml/elections-phragmen/src/lib.rs

* Update srml/elections-phragmen/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Gavin Wood <[email protected]>

* Update srml/elections-phragmen/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Gavin Wood <[email protected]>

* Bring back runner ups.

* use decode_len

* Better weight values.

* Update bogus doc

* Bump.

* Update srml/elections-phragmen/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Gavin Wood <[email protected]>

* Review comments.

* One more test

* Fix tests

* Fix build

* .. and fix benchmarks.

* Update srml/elections-phragmen/src/lib.rs

* Version bump

* Use session::validators instead of staking::current_elected

* Basic test framework.

* Initialize validators, attempt to heartbeat.

* Use dummy crypto for im-online testing.

* Remove printlns.

* Finish test, make it invalid.

* Add reporting test.

* Finalize the test.

* Remove dumbness.

* Updates.

* Update AuRa

* Update srml/im-online/src/tests.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Derive Ord

* Add some more tests.

* Remove stray todo.

* Bump runtime version.

* Bump impl-trait-for-tuples.

* Enforce new version of trait-for-tuples.

* Fix locking.

* Some reformattings.

* Fix build.

* Fix doc comment.

* Bump.

* Move phragmen benches to.. phragmen.

* Move some basic phragmen tests to.. phragmen.

* Line-width

* Add phragmen equ implementation as flot

* Add phragmen equ implementation as flot

* Add mock and test file.

* Minor cleanups and tests

* Add another test

* fix

* Fix tests

* Fix tests

* Update srml/staking/src/tests.rs

Co-Authored-By: thiolliere <[email protected]>

* Better testing for lock types in staking/democracy.

* Update docs.

* Update srml/executive/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update srml/executive/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Fix test

* Remove some dead code from staking

* Fix var name.

* srml-system checks

* wip

* more modules compiles

* node-runtime checks

* build.sh passes

* include dispatch error in failed event

* revert some unnecessary changes

* refactor based on comments

* more compile error fixes

* avoid unnecessary into

* reorder code

* fixes some tests

* manually implement encode & decode to avoid i8 workaround

* more test fixes

* more fixes

* more error fixes

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-Authored-By: Tomasz Drwięga <[email protected]>

* address comments

* test for DispatchError encoding

* tyep alias for democracy

* make error printable

* line width

* fix balances tests

* fix executive test

* fix system tests

* bump version

* ensure consistent method signature

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-Authored-By: Gavin Wood <[email protected]>

* changes based on review

* Add issue number for TODOs

* fix

* line width

* fix test

* Update core/sr-primitives/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update core/sr-primitives/src/traits.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update srml/council/src/motions.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update srml/council/src/motions.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* update based on review

* More concrete macro matching

* fix test build issue

* Update hex-literal dependency version. (#3141)

* Update hex-literal dep version.

* Update lock file.

* Start to rework the new error handling

* More work to get it back compiling

* Start to fix after master merge

* The great transaction error handling refactoring

* Make `decl_error` errors convertible to `&'static str`

* Make srml-executive build again

* Fix `sr-primitives` tests

* More fixes

* Last round of fix ups

* Fix build

* Fix build

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-Authored-By: Tomasz Drwięga <[email protected]>

* Rename some stuff

* Fixes after master merge

* Adds `CheckBlockGasLimit` signed extension

* Remove debug stuff

* Fix srml-balances test

* Rename `InvalidIndex` to `CannotLookup`

* Remove weird generic parameters

* Rename function again

* Fix import

* Document the signed extension

* Change from `Into` to `From`

* Update srml/contracts/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Sergei Pepyakin <[email protected]>

* Fix compilation

* Update srml/contracts/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Tomasz Drwięga <[email protected]>

* Update core/sr-primitives/src/transaction_validity.rs

Co-Authored-By: Tomasz Drwięga <[email protected]>

* Remove unused code

* Fix compilation

* Some cleanups

* Fix compile errors

* Make `TransactionValidity` a `Result`

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-Authored-By: Gavin Wood <[email protected]>

* Beautify the code a little bit and fix test

* Make `CannotLookup` an inherent error declared by `decl_error!`

* Adds some documentation

* Make `ApplyOutcome` a result

* Up the spec_version

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-Authored-By: Gavin Wood <[email protected]>
Co-Authored-By: DemiMarie-parity <[email protected]>

* Fix some instances of `runtime-io`

* Patch a bunch

* More patches for consistancy

* more patch

* Fix various build issues

* Fix tests

* Patch `srml-support-*` crates

* Fix doc tests

* Revert "Fix doc tests"

This reverts commit ba2ec61da7acc36821a70e76a31a6a5bf13bbe95.

* Revert "Patch `srml-support-*` crates"

This reverts commit 9a6070450107dec17784ba34af4b871023f6dc81.

* Missed one

* Fix doc tests

* impl

* file split

* old comment

* better error message

* WIP

* basti test works

* comment

* remove old files

* impl swap for storage map

* fix

* fix and comment

* code refactor

* code refactor

* code format

* code refactor

* fix

* fix

* fix

* document generators

* license

* doc

* doc

* fmt

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* some comment addressed

* storage_items small refactor

* fix storage_items

* more precise returned type

* fix

* code fmt suggestion

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* remove box allocation

* bump version

* rename function as behavior has changed

* fix doc

* simplify module deposit_event declaration

* fix

* bump version

* fix

* fix test

* fix doc

* Move phragmen to primitives

* Improved docs

* New crate.

* Update lock.

* Fix dependency.

* Fix build.

* Add basic testing and truth-value implementation with float types

* Update srml/staking/src/lib.rs

* Nits.

* Bump.

* Fix benchmarks.

* add Copy to Moment type

* bump version

* add Copy to support::Traits::Time::Moment and removed few clones

* Remove bogus constants.

* Bump.

* introduce some type aliases for round and set-id

* overhaul session "changed" flag and document better

* do_initialize in BABE when getting new session

* grandpa module tracks set IDs

* update runtime versions

* doc comment -> comment

* Include docs fixes from Gav

Co-Authored-By: Gavin Wood <[email protected]>

* some more review changes

* fix srml-grandpa compilation

* Signed transactions now has affinity with runtime versions

* Bump runtime version

* Fix staking tests.