lib.rs

// This file is part of Substrate.

// Copyright (C) Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// 	http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

//! # System Pallet
//!
//! The System pallet provides low-level access to core types and cross-cutting utilities. It acts
//! as the base layer for other pallets to interact with the Substrate framework components.
//!
//! - [`Config`]
//!
//! ## Overview
//!
//! The System pallet defines the core data types used in a Substrate runtime. It also provides
//! several utility functions (see [`Pallet`]) for other FRAME pallets.
//!
//! In addition, it manages the storage items for extrinsic data, indices, event records, and digest
//! items, among other things that support the execution of the current block.
//!
//! It also handles low-level tasks like depositing logs, basic set up and take down of temporary
//! storage entries, and access to previous block hashes.
//!
//! ## Interface
//!
//! ### Dispatchable Functions
//!
//! The System pallet provides dispatchable functions that, with the exception of `remark`, manage
//! low-level or privileged functionality of a Substrate-based runtime.
//!
//! - `remark`: Make some on-chain remark.
//! - `set_heap_pages`: Set the number of pages in the WebAssembly environment's heap.
//! - `set_code`: Set the new runtime code.
//! - `set_code_without_checks`: Set the new runtime code without any checks.
//! - `set_storage`: Set some items of storage.
//! - `kill_storage`: Kill some items from storage.
//! - `kill_prefix`: Kill all storage items with a key that starts with the given prefix.
//! - `remark_with_event`: Make some on-chain remark and emit an event.
//! - `do_task`: Do some specified task.
//! - `authorize_upgrade`: Authorize new runtime code.
//! - `authorize_upgrade_without_checks`: Authorize new runtime code and an upgrade sans
//!   verification.
//! - `apply_authorized_upgrade`: Provide new, already-authorized runtime code.
//!
//! #### A Note on Upgrades
//!
//! The pallet provides two primary means of upgrading the runtime, a single-phase means using
//! `set_code` and a two-phase means using `authorize_upgrade` followed by
//! `apply_authorized_upgrade`. The first will directly attempt to apply the provided `code`
//! (application may have to be scheduled, depending on the context and implementation of the
//! `OnSetCode` trait).
//!
//! The `authorize_upgrade` route allows the authorization of a runtime's code hash. Once
//! authorized, anyone may upload the correct runtime to apply the code. This pattern is useful when
//! providing the runtime ahead of time may be unwieldy, for example when a large preimage (the
//! code) would need to be stored on-chain or sent over a message transport protocol such as a
//! bridge.
//!
//! The `*_without_checks` variants do not perform any version checks, so using them runs the risk
//! of applying a downgrade or entirely other chain specification. They will still validate that the
//! `code` meets the authorized hash.
//!
//! ### Public Functions
//!
//! See the [`Pallet`] struct for details of publicly available functions.
//!
//! ### Signed Extensions
//!
//! The System pallet defines the following extensions:
//!
//!   - [`CheckWeight`]: Checks the weight and length of the block and ensure that it does not
//!     exceed the limits.
//!   - [`CheckNonce`]: Checks the nonce of the transaction. Contains a single payload of type
//!     `T::Nonce`.
//!   - [`CheckEra`]: Checks the era of the transaction. Contains a single payload of type `Era`.
//!   - [`CheckGenesis`]: Checks the provided genesis hash of the transaction. Must be a part of the
//!     signed payload of the transaction.
//!   - [`CheckSpecVersion`]: Checks that the runtime version is the same as the one used to sign
//!     the transaction.
//!   - [`CheckTxVersion`]: Checks that the transaction version is the same as the one used to sign
//!     the transaction.
//!
//! Look up the runtime aggregator file (e.g. `node/runtime`) to see the full list of signed
//! extensions included in a chain.

#![cfg_attr(not(feature = "std"), no_std)]

use pallet_prelude::{BlockNumberFor, HeaderFor};
#[cfg(feature = "std")]
use serde::Serialize;
use sp_io::hashing::blake2_256;
#[cfg(feature = "runtime-benchmarks")]
use sp_runtime::traits::TrailingZeroInput;
use sp_runtime::{
	generic,
	traits::{
		self, AtLeast32Bit, BadOrigin, BlockNumberProvider, Bounded, CheckEqual, Dispatchable,
		Hash, Header, Lookup, LookupError, MaybeDisplay, MaybeSerializeDeserialize, Member, One,
		Saturating, SimpleBitOps, StaticLookup, Zero,
	},
	transaction_validity::{
		InvalidTransaction, TransactionLongevity, TransactionSource, TransactionValidity,
		ValidTransaction,
	},
	DispatchError, RuntimeDebug,
};
#[cfg(any(feature = "std", test))]
use sp_std::map;
use sp_std::{fmt::Debug, marker::PhantomData, prelude::*};
use sp_version::RuntimeVersion;

use codec::{Decode, Encode, EncodeLike, FullCodec, MaxEncodedLen};
#[cfg(feature = "std")]
use frame_support::traits::BuildGenesisConfig;
use frame_support::{
	dispatch::{
		extract_actual_pays_fee, extract_actual_weight, DispatchClass, DispatchInfo,
		DispatchResult, DispatchResultWithPostInfo, PerDispatchClass, PostDispatchInfo,
	},
	ensure, impl_ensure_origin_with_arg_ignoring_arg,
	migrations::MultiStepMigrator,
	pallet_prelude::Pays,
	storage::{self, StorageStreamIter},
	traits::{
		ConstU32, Contains, EnsureOrigin, EnsureOriginWithArg, Get, HandleLifetime,
		OnKilledAccount, OnNewAccount, OnRuntimeUpgrade, OriginTrait, PalletInfo, SortedMembers,
		StoredMap, TypedGet,
	},
	Parameter,
};
use scale_info::TypeInfo;
use sp_core::storage::well_known_keys;
use sp_weights::{RuntimeDbWeight, Weight};

#[cfg(any(feature = "std", test))]
use sp_io::TestExternalities;

pub mod limits;
#[cfg(test)]
pub(crate) mod mock;

pub mod offchain;

mod extensions;
#[cfg(feature = "std")]
pub mod mocking;
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests;
pub mod weights;

pub mod migrations;

pub use extensions::{
	check_genesis::CheckGenesis, check_mortality::CheckMortality,
	check_non_zero_sender::CheckNonZeroSender, check_nonce::CheckNonce,
	check_spec_version::CheckSpecVersion, check_tx_version::CheckTxVersion,
	check_weight::CheckWeight,
};
// Backward compatible re-export.
pub use extensions::check_mortality::CheckMortality as CheckEra;
pub use frame_support::dispatch::RawOrigin;
use frame_support::traits::{PostInherents, PostTransactions, PreInherents};
pub use weights::WeightInfo;

const LOG_TARGET: &str = "runtime::system";

/// Compute the trie root of a list of extrinsics.
///
/// The merkle proof is using the same trie as runtime state with
/// `state_version` 0.
pub fn extrinsics_root<H: Hash, E: codec::Encode>(extrinsics: &[E]) -> H::Output {
	extrinsics_data_root::<H>(extrinsics.iter().map(codec::Encode::encode).collect())
}

/// Compute the trie root of a list of extrinsics.
///
/// The merkle proof is using the same trie as runtime state with
/// `state_version` 0.
pub fn extrinsics_data_root<H: Hash>(xts: Vec<Vec<u8>>) -> H::Output {
	H::ordered_trie_root(xts, sp_core::storage::StateVersion::V0)
}

/// An object to track the currently used extrinsic weight in a block.
pub type ConsumedWeight = PerDispatchClass<Weight>;

pub use pallet::*;

/// Do something when we should be setting the code.
pub trait SetCode<T: Config> {
	/// Set the code to the given blob.
	fn set_code(code: Vec<u8>) -> DispatchResult;
}

impl<T: Config> SetCode<T> for () {
	fn set_code(code: Vec<u8>) -> DispatchResult {
		<Pallet<T>>::update_code_in_storage(&code);
		Ok(())
	}
}

/// Numeric limits over the ability to add a consumer ref using `inc_consumers`.
pub trait ConsumerLimits {
	/// The number of consumers over which `inc_consumers` will cease to work.
	fn max_consumers() -> RefCount;
	/// The maximum number of additional consumers expected to be over be added at once using
	/// `inc_consumers_without_limit`.
	///
	/// Note: This is not enforced and it's up to the chain's author to ensure this reflects the
	/// actual situation.
	fn max_overflow() -> RefCount;
}

impl<const Z: u32> ConsumerLimits for ConstU32<Z> {
	fn max_consumers() -> RefCount {
		Z
	}
	fn max_overflow() -> RefCount {
		Z
	}
}

impl<MaxNormal: Get<u32>, MaxOverflow: Get<u32>> ConsumerLimits for (MaxNormal, MaxOverflow) {
	fn max_consumers() -> RefCount {
		MaxNormal::get()
	}
	fn max_overflow() -> RefCount {
		MaxOverflow::get()
	}
}

/// Information needed when a new runtime binary is submitted and needs to be authorized before
/// replacing the current runtime.
#[derive(Decode, Encode, Default, PartialEq, Eq, MaxEncodedLen, TypeInfo)]
#[scale_info(skip_type_params(T))]
pub struct CodeUpgradeAuthorization<T>
where
	T: Config,
{
	/// Hash of the new runtime binary.
	code_hash: T::Hash,
	/// Whether or not to carry out version checks.
	check_version: bool,
}

#[frame_support::pallet]
pub mod pallet {
	use crate::{self as frame_system, pallet_prelude::*, *};
	use frame_support::pallet_prelude::*;

	/// Default implementations of [`DefaultConfig`], which can be used to implement [`Config`].
	pub mod config_preludes {
		use super::{inject_runtime_type, DefaultConfig};
		use frame_support::derive_impl;

		/// Provides a viable default config that can be used with
		/// [`derive_impl`](`frame_support::derive_impl`) to derive a testing pallet config
		/// based on this one.
		///
		/// See `Test` in the `default-config` example pallet's `test.rs` for an example of
		/// a downstream user of this particular `TestDefaultConfig`
		pub struct TestDefaultConfig;

		#[frame_support::register_default_impl(TestDefaultConfig)]
		impl DefaultConfig for TestDefaultConfig {
			type Nonce = u32;
			type Hash = sp_core::hash::H256;
			type Hashing = sp_runtime::traits::BlakeTwo256;
			type AccountId = u64;
			type Lookup = sp_runtime::traits::IdentityLookup<u64>;
			type MaxConsumers = frame_support::traits::ConstU32<16>;
			type AccountData = ();
			type OnNewAccount = ();
			type OnKilledAccount = ();
			type SystemWeightInfo = ();
			type SS58Prefix = ();
			type Version = ();
			type BlockWeights = ();
			type BlockLength = ();
			type DbWeight = ();
			#[inject_runtime_type]
			type RuntimeEvent = ();
			#[inject_runtime_type]
			type RuntimeOrigin = ();
			#[inject_runtime_type]
			type RuntimeCall = ();
			#[inject_runtime_type]
			type PalletInfo = ();
			#[inject_runtime_type]
			type RuntimeTask = ();
			type BaseCallFilter = frame_support::traits::Everything;
			type BlockHashCount = frame_support::traits::ConstU64<10>;
			type OnSetCode = ();
			type SingleBlockMigrations = ();
			type MultiBlockMigrator = ();
			type PreInherents = ();
			type PostInherents = ();
			type PostTransactions = ();
		}

		/// Default configurations of this pallet in a solochain environment.
		///
		/// ## Considerations:
		///
		/// By default, this type makes the following choices:
		///
		/// * Use a normal 32 byte account id, with a [`DefaultConfig::Lookup`] that implies no
		///   'account-indexing' pallet is being used.
		/// * Given that we don't know anything about the existence of a currency system in scope,
		///   an [`DefaultConfig::AccountData`] is chosen that has no addition data. Overwrite this
		///   if you use `pallet-balances` or similar.
		/// * Make sure to overwrite [`DefaultConfig::Version`].
		/// * 2s block time, and a default 5mb block size is used.
		pub struct SolochainDefaultConfig;

		#[frame_support::register_default_impl(SolochainDefaultConfig)]
		impl DefaultConfig for SolochainDefaultConfig {
			/// The default type for storing how many extrinsics an account has signed.
			type Nonce = u32;

			/// The default type for hashing blocks and tries.
			type Hash = sp_core::hash::H256;

			/// The default hashing algorithm used.
			type Hashing = sp_runtime::traits::BlakeTwo256;

			/// The default identifier used to distinguish between accounts.
			type AccountId = sp_runtime::AccountId32;

			/// The lookup mechanism to get account ID from whatever is passed in dispatchers.
			type Lookup = sp_runtime::traits::AccountIdLookup<Self::AccountId, ()>;

			/// The maximum number of consumers allowed on a single account. Using 128 as default.
			type MaxConsumers = frame_support::traits::ConstU32<128>;

			/// The default data to be stored in an account.
			type AccountData = crate::AccountInfo<Self::Nonce, ()>;

			/// What to do if a new account is created.
			type OnNewAccount = ();

			/// What to do if an account is fully reaped from the system.
			type OnKilledAccount = ();

			/// Weight information for the extrinsics of this pallet.
			type SystemWeightInfo = ();

			/// This is used as an identifier of the chain.
			type SS58Prefix = ();

			/// Version of the runtime.
			type Version = ();

			/// Block & extrinsics weights: base values and limits.
			type BlockWeights = ();

			/// The maximum length of a block (in bytes).
			type BlockLength = ();

			/// The weight of database operations that the runtime can invoke.
			type DbWeight = ();

			/// The ubiquitous event type injected by `construct_runtime!`.
			#[inject_runtime_type]
			type RuntimeEvent = ();

			/// The ubiquitous origin type injected by `construct_runtime!`.
			#[inject_runtime_type]
			type RuntimeOrigin = ();

			/// The aggregated dispatch type available for extrinsics, injected by
			/// `construct_runtime!`.
			#[inject_runtime_type]
			type RuntimeCall = ();

			/// The aggregated Task type, injected by `construct_runtime!`.
			#[inject_runtime_type]
			type RuntimeTask = ();

			/// Converts a module to the index of the module, injected by `construct_runtime!`.
			#[inject_runtime_type]
			type PalletInfo = ();

			/// The basic call filter to use in dispatchable. Supports everything as the default.
			type BaseCallFilter = frame_support::traits::Everything;

			/// Maximum number of block number to block hash mappings to keep (oldest pruned first).
			/// Using 256 as default.
			type BlockHashCount = frame_support::traits::ConstU32<256>;

			/// The set code logic, just the default since we're not a parachain.
			type OnSetCode = ();
			type SingleBlockMigrations = ();
			type MultiBlockMigrator = ();
			type PreInherents = ();
			type PostInherents = ();
			type PostTransactions = ();
		}

		/// Default configurations of this pallet in a relay-chain environment.
		pub struct RelayChainDefaultConfig;

		/// It currently uses the same configuration as `SolochainDefaultConfig`.
		#[derive_impl(SolochainDefaultConfig as DefaultConfig, no_aggregated_types)]
		#[frame_support::register_default_impl(RelayChainDefaultConfig)]
		impl DefaultConfig for RelayChainDefaultConfig {}

		/// Default configurations of this pallet in a parachain environment.
		pub struct ParaChainDefaultConfig;

		/// It currently uses the same configuration as `SolochainDefaultConfig`.
		#[derive_impl(SolochainDefaultConfig as DefaultConfig, no_aggregated_types)]
		#[frame_support::register_default_impl(ParaChainDefaultConfig)]
		impl DefaultConfig for ParaChainDefaultConfig {}
	}

	/// System configuration trait. Implemented by runtime.
	#[pallet::config(with_default)]
	#[pallet::disable_frame_system_supertrait_check]
	pub trait Config: 'static + Eq + Clone {
		/// The aggregated event type of the runtime.
		#[pallet::no_default_bounds]
		type RuntimeEvent: Parameter
			+ Member
			+ From<Event<Self>>
			+ Debug
			+ IsType<<Self as frame_system::Config>::RuntimeEvent>;

		/// The basic call filter to use in Origin. All origins are built with this filter as base,
		/// except Root.
		///
		/// This works as a filter for each incoming call. The call needs to pass this filter in
		/// order to dispatch. Otherwise it will be rejected with `CallFiltered`. This can be
		/// bypassed via `dispatch_bypass_filter` which should only be accessible by root. The
		/// filter can be composed of sub-filters by nesting for example
		/// [`frame_support::traits::InsideBoth`], [`frame_support::traits::TheseExcept`] or
		/// [`frame_support::traits::EverythingBut`] et al. The default would be
		/// [`frame_support::traits::Everything`].
		#[pallet::no_default_bounds]
		type BaseCallFilter: Contains<Self::RuntimeCall>;

		/// Block & extrinsics weights: base values and limits.
		#[pallet::constant]
		type BlockWeights: Get<limits::BlockWeights>;

		/// The maximum length of a block (in bytes).
		#[pallet::constant]
		type BlockLength: Get<limits::BlockLength>;

		/// The `RuntimeOrigin` type used by dispatchable calls.
		#[pallet::no_default_bounds]
		type RuntimeOrigin: Into<Result<RawOrigin<Self::AccountId>, Self::RuntimeOrigin>>
			+ From<RawOrigin<Self::AccountId>>
			+ Clone
			+ OriginTrait<Call = Self::RuntimeCall, AccountId = Self::AccountId>;

		#[docify::export(system_runtime_call)]
		/// The aggregated `RuntimeCall` type.
		#[pallet::no_default_bounds]
		type RuntimeCall: Parameter
			+ Dispatchable<RuntimeOrigin = Self::RuntimeOrigin>
			+ Debug
			+ From<Call<Self>>;

		/// The aggregated `RuntimeTask` type.
		#[pallet::no_default_bounds]
		type RuntimeTask: Task;

		/// This stores the number of previous transactions associated with a sender account.
		type Nonce: Parameter
			+ Member
			+ MaybeSerializeDeserialize
			+ Debug
			+ Default
			+ MaybeDisplay
			+ AtLeast32Bit
			+ Copy
			+ MaxEncodedLen;

		/// The output of the `Hashing` function.
		type Hash: Parameter
			+ Member
			+ MaybeSerializeDeserialize
			+ Debug
			+ MaybeDisplay
			+ SimpleBitOps
			+ Ord
			+ Default
			+ Copy
			+ CheckEqual
			+ sp_std::hash::Hash
			+ AsRef<[u8]>
			+ AsMut<[u8]>
			+ MaxEncodedLen;

		/// The hashing system (algorithm) being used in the runtime (e.g. Blake2).
		type Hashing: Hash<Output = Self::Hash> + TypeInfo;

		/// The user account identifier type for the runtime.
		type AccountId: Parameter
			+ Member
			+ MaybeSerializeDeserialize
			+ Debug
			+ MaybeDisplay
			+ Ord
			+ MaxEncodedLen;

		/// Converting trait to take a source type and convert to `AccountId`.
		///
		/// Used to define the type and conversion mechanism for referencing accounts in
		/// transactions. It's perfectly reasonable for this to be an identity conversion (with the
		/// source type being `AccountId`), but other pallets (e.g. Indices pallet) may provide more
		/// functional/efficient alternatives.
		type Lookup: StaticLookup<Target = Self::AccountId>;

		/// The Block type used by the runtime. This is used by `construct_runtime` to retrieve the
		/// extrinsics or other block specific data as needed.
		#[pallet::no_default]
		type Block: Parameter + Member + traits::Block<Hash = Self::Hash>;

		/// Maximum number of block number to block hash mappings to keep (oldest pruned first).
		#[pallet::constant]
		#[pallet::no_default_bounds]
		type BlockHashCount: Get<BlockNumberFor<Self>>;

		/// The weight of runtime database operations the runtime can invoke.
		#[pallet::constant]
		type DbWeight: Get<RuntimeDbWeight>;

		/// Get the chain's in-code version.
		#[pallet::constant]
		type Version: Get<RuntimeVersion>;

		/// Provides information about the pallet setup in the runtime.
		///
		/// Expects the `PalletInfo` type that is being generated by `construct_runtime!` in the
		/// runtime.
		///
		/// For tests it is okay to use `()` as type, however it will provide "useless" data.
		#[pallet::no_default_bounds]
		type PalletInfo: PalletInfo;

		/// Data to be associated with an account (other than nonce/transaction counter, which this
		/// pallet does regardless).
		type AccountData: Member + FullCodec + Clone + Default + TypeInfo + MaxEncodedLen;

		/// Handler for when a new account has just been created.
		type OnNewAccount: OnNewAccount<Self::AccountId>;

		/// A function that is invoked when an account has been determined to be dead.
		///
		/// All resources should be cleaned up associated with the given account.
		type OnKilledAccount: OnKilledAccount<Self::AccountId>;

		type SystemWeightInfo: WeightInfo;

		/// The designated SS58 prefix of this chain.
		///
		/// This replaces the "ss58Format" property declared in the chain spec. Reason is
		/// that the runtime should know about the prefix in order to make use of it as
		/// an identifier of the chain.
		#[pallet::constant]
		type SS58Prefix: Get<u16>;

		/// What to do if the runtime wants to change the code to something new.
		///
		/// The default (`()`) implementation is responsible for setting the correct storage
		/// entry and emitting corresponding event and log item. (see
		/// [`Pallet::update_code_in_storage`]).
		/// It's unlikely that this needs to be customized, unless you are writing a parachain using
		/// `Cumulus`, where the actual code change is deferred.
		#[pallet::no_default_bounds]
		type OnSetCode: SetCode<Self>;

		/// The maximum number of consumers allowed on a single account.
		type MaxConsumers: ConsumerLimits;

		/// All migrations that should run in the next runtime upgrade.
		///
		/// These used to be formerly configured in `Executive`. Parachains need to ensure that
		/// running all these migrations in one block will not overflow the weight limit of a block.
		/// The migrations are run *before* the pallet `on_runtime_upgrade` hooks, just like the
		/// `OnRuntimeUpgrade` migrations.
		type SingleBlockMigrations: OnRuntimeUpgrade;

		/// The migrator that is used to run Multi-Block-Migrations.
		///
		/// Can be set to [`pallet-migrations`] or an alternative implementation of the interface.
		/// The diagram in `frame_executive::block_flowchart` explains when it runs.
		type MultiBlockMigrator: MultiStepMigrator;

		/// A callback that executes in *every block* directly before all inherents were applied.
		///
		/// See `frame_executive::block_flowchart` for a in-depth explanation when it runs.
		type PreInherents: PreInherents;

		/// A callback that executes in *every block* directly after all inherents were applied.
		///
		/// See `frame_executive::block_flowchart` for a in-depth explanation when it runs.
		type PostInherents: PostInherents;

		/// A callback that executes in *every block* directly after all transactions were applied.
		///
		/// See `frame_executive::block_flowchart` for a in-depth explanation when it runs.
		type PostTransactions: PostTransactions;
	}

	#[pallet::pallet]
	pub struct Pallet<T>(_);

	#[pallet::hooks]
	impl<T: Config> Hooks<BlockNumberFor<T>> for Pallet<T> {
		#[cfg(feature = "std")]
		fn integrity_test() {
			T::BlockWeights::get().validate().expect("The weights are invalid.");
		}
	}

	#[pallet::call]
	impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
		/// Make some on-chain remark.
		///
		/// Can be executed by every `origin`.
		#[pallet::call_index(0)]
		#[pallet::weight(T::SystemWeightInfo::remark(remark.len() as u32))]
		pub fn remark(_origin: OriginFor<T>, remark: Vec<u8>) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
			let _ = remark; // No need to check the weight witness.
			Ok(().into())
		}

		/// Set the number of pages in the WebAssembly environment's heap.
		#[pallet::call_index(1)]
		#[pallet::weight((T::SystemWeightInfo::set_heap_pages(), DispatchClass::Operational))]
		pub fn set_heap_pages(origin: OriginFor<T>, pages: u64) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
			ensure_root(origin)?;
			storage::unhashed::put_raw(well_known_keys::HEAP_PAGES, &pages.encode());
			Self::deposit_log(generic::DigestItem::RuntimeEnvironmentUpdated);
			Ok(().into())
		}

		/// Set the new runtime code.
		#[pallet::call_index(2)]
		#[pallet::weight((T::SystemWeightInfo::set_code(), DispatchClass::Operational))]
		pub fn set_code(origin: OriginFor<T>, code: Vec<u8>) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
			ensure_root(origin)?;
			Self::can_set_code(&code)?;
			T::OnSetCode::set_code(code)?;
			// consume the rest of the block to prevent further transactions
			Ok(Some(T::BlockWeights::get().max_block).into())
		}

		/// Set the new runtime code without doing any checks of the given `code`.
		///
		/// Note that runtime upgrades will not run if this is called with a not-increasing spec
		/// version!
		#[pallet::call_index(3)]
		#[pallet::weight((T::SystemWeightInfo::set_code(), DispatchClass::Operational))]
		pub fn set_code_without_checks(
			origin: OriginFor<T>,
			code: Vec<u8>,
		) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
			ensure_root(origin)?;
			T::OnSetCode::set_code(code)?;
			Ok(Some(T::BlockWeights::get().max_block).into())
		}

		/// Set some items of storage.
		#[pallet::call_index(4)]
		#[pallet::weight((
			T::SystemWeightInfo::set_storage(items.len() as u32),
			DispatchClass::Operational,
		))]
		pub fn set_storage(
			origin: OriginFor<T>,
			items: Vec<KeyValue>,
		) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
			ensure_root(origin)?;
			for i in &items {
				storage::unhashed::put_raw(&i.0, &i.1);
			}
			Ok(().into())
		}

		/// Kill some items from storage.
		#[pallet::call_index(5)]
		#[pallet::weight((
			T::SystemWeightInfo::kill_storage(keys.len() as u32),
			DispatchClass::Operational,
		))]
		pub fn kill_storage(origin: OriginFor<T>, keys: Vec<Key>) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
			ensure_root(origin)?;
			for key in &keys {
				storage::unhashed::kill(key);
			}
			Ok(().into())
		}

		/// Kill all storage items with a key that starts with the given prefix.
		///
		/// **NOTE:** We rely on the Root origin to provide us the number of subkeys under
		/// the prefix we are removing to accurately calculate the weight of this function.
		#[pallet::call_index(6)]
		#[pallet::weight((
			T::SystemWeightInfo::kill_prefix(subkeys.saturating_add(1)),
			DispatchClass::Operational,
		))]
		pub fn kill_prefix(
			origin: OriginFor<T>,
			prefix: Key,
			subkeys: u32,
		) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
			ensure_root(origin)?;
			let _ = storage::unhashed::clear_prefix(&prefix, Some(subkeys), None);
			Ok(().into())
		}

		/// Make some on-chain remark and emit event.
		#[pallet::call_index(7)]
		#[pallet::weight(T::SystemWeightInfo::remark_with_event(remark.len() as u32))]
		pub fn remark_with_event(
			origin: OriginFor<T>,
			remark: Vec<u8>,
		) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
			let who = ensure_signed(origin)?;
			let hash = T::Hashing::hash(&remark[..]);
			Self::deposit_event(Event::Remarked { sender: who, hash });
			Ok(().into())
		}

		#[cfg(feature = "experimental")]
		#[pallet::call_index(8)]
		#[pallet::weight(task.weight())]
		pub fn do_task(_origin: OriginFor<T>, task: T::RuntimeTask) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
			if !task.is_valid() {
				return Err(Error::<T>::InvalidTask.into())
			}

			Self::deposit_event(Event::TaskStarted { task: task.clone() });
			if let Err(err) = task.run() {
				Self::deposit_event(Event::TaskFailed { task, err });
				return Err(Error::<T>::FailedTask.into())
			}

			// Emit a success event, if your design includes events for this pallet.
			Self::deposit_event(Event::TaskCompleted { task });

			// Return success.
			Ok(().into())
		}

		/// Authorize an upgrade to a given `code_hash` for the runtime. The runtime can be supplied
		/// later.
		///
		/// This call requires Root origin.
		#[pallet::call_index(9)]
		#[pallet::weight((T::SystemWeightInfo::authorize_upgrade(), DispatchClass::Operational))]
		pub fn authorize_upgrade(origin: OriginFor<T>, code_hash: T::Hash) -> DispatchResult {
			ensure_root(origin)?;
			Self::do_authorize_upgrade(code_hash, true);
			Ok(())
		}

		/// Authorize an upgrade to a given `code_hash` for the runtime. The runtime can be supplied
		/// later.
		///
		/// WARNING: This authorizes an upgrade that will take place without any safety checks, for
		/// example that the spec name remains the same and that the version number increases. Not
		/// recommended for normal use. Use `authorize_upgrade` instead.
		///
		/// This call requires Root origin.
		#[pallet::call_index(10)]
		#[pallet::weight((T::SystemWeightInfo::authorize_upgrade(), DispatchClass::Operational))]
		pub fn authorize_upgrade_without_checks(
			origin: OriginFor<T>,
			code_hash: T::Hash,
		) -> DispatchResult {
			ensure_root(origin)?;
			Self::do_authorize_upgrade(code_hash, false);
			Ok(())
		}

		/// Provide the preimage (runtime binary) `code` for an upgrade that has been authorized.
		///
		/// If the authorization required a version check, this call will ensure the spec name
		/// remains unchanged and that the spec version has increased.
		///
		/// Depending on the runtime's `OnSetCode` configuration, this function may directly apply
		/// the new `code` in the same block or attempt to schedule the upgrade.
		///
		/// All origins are allowed.
		#[pallet::call_index(11)]
		#[pallet::weight((T::SystemWeightInfo::apply_authorized_upgrade(), DispatchClass::Operational))]
		pub fn apply_authorized_upgrade(
			_: OriginFor<T>,
			code: Vec<u8>,
		) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
			let post = Self::do_apply_authorize_upgrade(code)?;
			Ok(post)
		}
	}

	/// Event for the System pallet.
	#[pallet::event]
	pub enum Event<T: Config> {
		/// An extrinsic completed successfully.
		ExtrinsicSuccess { dispatch_info: DispatchInfo },
		/// An extrinsic failed.
		ExtrinsicFailed { dispatch_error: DispatchError, dispatch_info: DispatchInfo },
		/// `:code` was updated.
		CodeUpdated,
		/// A new account was created.
		NewAccount { account: T::AccountId },
		/// An account was reaped.
		KilledAccount { account: T::AccountId },
		/// On on-chain remark happened.
		Remarked { sender: T::AccountId, hash: T::Hash },
		#[cfg(feature = "experimental")]
		/// A [`Task`] has started executing
		TaskStarted { task: T::RuntimeTask },
		#[cfg(feature = "experimental")]
		/// A [`Task`] has finished executing.
		TaskCompleted { task: T::RuntimeTask },
		#[cfg(feature = "experimental")]
		/// A [`Task`] failed during execution.
		TaskFailed { task: T::RuntimeTask, err: DispatchError },
		/// An upgrade was authorized.
		UpgradeAuthorized { code_hash: T::Hash, check_version: bool },
	}

	/// Error for the System pallet
	#[pallet::error]
	pub enum Error<T> {
		/// The name of specification does not match between the current runtime
		/// and the new runtime.
		InvalidSpecName,
		/// The specification version is not allowed to decrease between the current runtime
		/// and the new runtime.
		SpecVersionNeedsToIncrease,
		/// Failed to extract the runtime version from the new runtime.
		///
		/// Either calling `Core_version` or decoding `RuntimeVersion` failed.
		FailedToExtractRuntimeVersion,
		/// Suicide called when the account has non-default composite data.
		NonDefaultComposite,
		/// There is a non-zero reference count preventing the account from being purged.
		NonZeroRefCount,
		/// The origin filter prevent the call to be dispatched.
		CallFiltered,
		/// A multi-block migration is ongoing and prevents the current code from being replaced.
		MultiBlockMigrationsOngoing,
		#[cfg(feature = "experimental")]
		/// The specified [`Task`] is not valid.
		InvalidTask,
		#[cfg(feature = "experimental")]
		/// The specified [`Task`] failed during execution.
		FailedTask,
		/// No upgrade authorized.
		NothingAuthorized,
		/// The submitted code is not authorized.
		Unauthorized,
	}

	/// Exposed trait-generic origin type.
	#[pallet::origin]
	pub type Origin<T> = RawOrigin<<T as Config>::AccountId>;

	/// The full account information for a particular account ID.
	#[pallet::storage]
	#[pallet::getter(fn account)]
	pub type Account<T: Config> = StorageMap<
		_,
		Blake2_128Concat,
		T::AccountId,
		AccountInfo<T::Nonce, T::AccountData>,
		ValueQuery,
	>;

	/// Total extrinsics count for the current block.
	#[pallet::storage]
	pub(super) type ExtrinsicCount<T: Config> = StorageValue<_, u32>;

	/// Whether all inherents have been applied.
	#[pallet::storage]
	pub type InherentsApplied<T: Config> = StorageValue<_, bool, ValueQuery>;

	/// The current weight for the block.
	#[pallet::storage]
	#[pallet::whitelist_storage]
	#[pallet::getter(fn block_weight)]
	pub type BlockWeight<T: Config> = StorageValue<_, ConsumedWeight, ValueQuery>;

	/// Total length (in bytes) for all extrinsics put together, for the current block.
	#[pallet::storage]
	pub(super) type AllExtrinsicsLen<T: Config> = StorageValue<_, u32>;

	/// Map of block numbers to block hashes.
	#[pallet::storage]
	#[pallet::getter(fn block_hash)]
	pub type BlockHash<T: Config> =
		StorageMap<_, Twox64Concat, BlockNumberFor<T>, T::Hash, ValueQuery>;

	/// Extrinsics data for the current block (maps an extrinsic's index to its data).
	#[pallet::storage]
	#[pallet::getter(fn extrinsic_data)]
	#[pallet::unbounded]
	pub(super) type ExtrinsicData<T: Config> =
		StorageMap<_, Twox64Concat, u32, Vec<u8>, ValueQuery>;

	/// The current block number being processed. Set by `execute_block`.
	#[pallet::storage]
	#[pallet::whitelist_storage]
	#[pallet::getter(fn block_number)]
	pub(super) type Number<T: Config> = StorageValue<_, BlockNumberFor<T>, ValueQuery>;

	/// Hash of the previous block.
	#[pallet::storage]
	#[pallet::getter(fn parent_hash)]
	pub(super) type ParentHash<T: Config> = StorageValue<_, T::Hash, ValueQuery>;

	/// Digest of the current block, also part of the block header.
	#[pallet::storage]
	#[pallet::unbounded]
	#[pallet::getter(fn digest)]
	pub(super) type Digest<T: Config> = StorageValue<_, generic::Digest, ValueQuery>;

	/// Events deposited for the current block.
	///
	/// NOTE: The item is unbound and should therefore never be read on chain.
	/// It could otherwise inflate the PoV size of a block.
	///
	/// Events have a large in-memory size. Box the events to not go out-of-memory
	/// just in case someone still reads them from within the runtime.
	#[pallet::storage]
	#[pallet::whitelist_storage]
	#[pallet::disable_try_decode_storage]
	#[pallet::unbounded]
	pub(super) type Events<T: Config> =
		StorageValue<_, Vec<Box<EventRecord<T::RuntimeEvent, T::Hash>>>, ValueQuery>;

	/// The number of events in the `Events<T>` list.
	#[pallet::storage]
	#[pallet::whitelist_storage]
	#[pallet::getter(fn event_count)]
	pub(super) type EventCount<T: Config> = StorageValue<_, EventIndex, ValueQuery>;

	/// Mapping between a topic (represented by T::Hash) and a vector of indexes
	/// of events in the `<Events<T>>` list.
	///
	/// All topic vectors have deterministic storage locations depending on the topic. This
	/// allows light-clients to leverage the changes trie storage tracking mechanism and
	/// in case of changes fetch the list of events of interest.
	///
	/// The value has the type `(BlockNumberFor<T>, EventIndex)` because if we used only just
	/// the `EventIndex` then in case if the topic has the same contents on the next block
	/// no notification will be triggered thus the event might be lost.
	#[pallet::storage]
	#[pallet::unbounded]
	#[pallet::getter(fn event_topics)]
	pub(super) type EventTopics<T: Config> =
		StorageMap<_, Blake2_128Concat, T::Hash, Vec<(BlockNumberFor<T>, EventIndex)>, ValueQuery>;

	/// Stores the `spec_version` and `spec_name` of when the last runtime upgrade happened.
	#[pallet::storage]
	#[pallet::unbounded]
	pub type LastRuntimeUpgrade<T: Config> = StorageValue<_, LastRuntimeUpgradeInfo>;

	/// True if we have upgraded so that `type RefCount` is `u32`. False (default) if not.
	#[pallet::storage]
	pub(super) type UpgradedToU32RefCount<T: Config> = StorageValue<_, bool, ValueQuery>;

	/// True if we have upgraded so that AccountInfo contains three types of `RefCount`. False
	/// (default) if not.
	#[pallet::storage]
	pub(super) type UpgradedToTripleRefCount<T: Config> = StorageValue<_, bool, ValueQuery>;

	/// The execution phase of the block.
	#[pallet::storage]
	#[pallet::whitelist_storage]
	pub(super) type ExecutionPhase<T: Config> = StorageValue<_, Phase>;

	/// `Some` if a code upgrade has been authorized.
	#[pallet::storage]
	#[pallet::getter(fn authorized_upgrade)]
	pub(super) type AuthorizedUpgrade<T: Config> =
		StorageValue<_, CodeUpgradeAuthorization<T>, OptionQuery>;

	#[derive(frame_support::DefaultNoBound)]
	#[pallet::genesis_config]
	pub struct GenesisConfig<T: Config> {