lib.rs

// This file is part of Substrate.

// Copyright (C) 2018-2021 Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH Classpath-exception-2.0

// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.

// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.

// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

//! The Substrate runtime. This can be compiled with `#[no_std]`, ready for Wasm.

#![cfg_attr(not(feature = "std"), no_std)]
// `construct_runtime!` does a lot of recursion and requires us to increase the limit to 256.
#![recursion_limit = "256"]


use sp_std::prelude::*;
use frame_support::{
	construct_runtime, parameter_types, RuntimeDebug,
	weights::{
		Weight, IdentityFee,
		constants::{BlockExecutionWeight, ExtrinsicBaseWeight, RocksDbWeight, WEIGHT_PER_SECOND},
		DispatchClass,
	},
	traits::{
		Currency, Imbalance, KeyOwnerProofSystem, OnUnbalanced, LockIdentifier,
		U128CurrencyToVote, MaxEncodedLen,
	},
};
use frame_system::{
	EnsureRoot, EnsureOneOf,
	limits::{BlockWeights, BlockLength}
};
use frame_support::{traits::InstanceFilter, PalletId};
use codec::{Encode, Decode};
use sp_core::{
	crypto::KeyTypeId,
	u32_trait::{_1, _2, _3, _4, _5},
	OpaqueMetadata,
};
pub use node_primitives::{AccountId, Signature};
use node_primitives::{AccountIndex, Balance, BlockNumber, Hash, Index, Moment};
use sp_api::impl_runtime_apis;
use sp_runtime::{
	Permill, Perbill, Perquintill, Percent, ApplyExtrinsicResult, impl_opaque_keys, generic,
	create_runtime_str, FixedPointNumber,
};
use sp_runtime::curve::PiecewiseLinear;
use sp_runtime::transaction_validity::{TransactionValidity, TransactionSource, TransactionPriority};
use sp_runtime::traits::{
	self, BlakeTwo256, Block as BlockT, StaticLookup, SaturatedConversion, ConvertInto, OpaqueKeys,
	NumberFor,
};
use sp_version::RuntimeVersion;
#[cfg(any(feature = "std", test))]
use sp_version::NativeVersion;
use pallet_grandpa::{AuthorityId as GrandpaId, AuthorityList as GrandpaAuthorityList};
use pallet_grandpa::fg_primitives;
use pallet_im_online::sr25519::AuthorityId as ImOnlineId;
use sp_authority_discovery::AuthorityId as AuthorityDiscoveryId;
use pallet_transaction_payment::{FeeDetails, RuntimeDispatchInfo};
pub use pallet_transaction_payment::{Multiplier, TargetedFeeAdjustment, CurrencyAdapter};
use pallet_session::{historical as pallet_session_historical};
use sp_inherents::{InherentData, CheckInherentsResult};
use static_assertions::const_assert;
use pallet_contracts::weights::WeightInfo;

#[cfg(any(feature = "std", test))]
pub use sp_runtime::BuildStorage;
#[cfg(any(feature = "std", test))]
pub use pallet_balances::Call as BalancesCall;
#[cfg(any(feature = "std", test))]
pub use frame_system::Call as SystemCall;
#[cfg(any(feature = "std", test))]
pub use pallet_staking::StakerStatus;

/// Implementations of some helper traits passed into runtime modules as associated types.
pub mod impls;
use impls::Author;

/// Constant values used within the runtime.
pub mod constants;
use constants::{time::*, currency::*};
use sp_runtime::generic::Era;

// Make the WASM binary available.
#[cfg(feature = "std")]
include!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/wasm_binary.rs"));

/// Wasm binary unwrapped. If built with `SKIP_WASM_BUILD`, the function panics.
#[cfg(feature = "std")]
pub fn wasm_binary_unwrap() -> &'static [u8] {
	WASM_BINARY.expect("Development wasm binary is not available. This means the client is \
						built with `SKIP_WASM_BUILD` flag and it is only usable for \
						production chains. Please rebuild with the flag disabled.")
}

/// Runtime version.
#[sp_version::runtime_version]
pub const VERSION: RuntimeVersion = RuntimeVersion {
	spec_name: create_runtime_str!("node"),
	impl_name: create_runtime_str!("substrate-node"),
	authoring_version: 10,
	// Per convention: if the runtime behavior changes, increment spec_version
	// and set impl_version to 0. If only runtime
	// implementation changes and behavior does not, then leave spec_version as
	// is and increment impl_version.
	spec_version: 267,
	impl_version: 0,
	apis: RUNTIME_API_VERSIONS,
	transaction_version: 2,
};

/// The BABE epoch configuration at genesis.
pub const BABE_GENESIS_EPOCH_CONFIG: sp_consensus_babe::BabeEpochConfiguration =
	sp_consensus_babe::BabeEpochConfiguration {
		c: PRIMARY_PROBABILITY,
		allowed_slots: sp_consensus_babe::AllowedSlots::PrimaryAndSecondaryPlainSlots
	};

/// Native version.
#[cfg(any(feature = "std", test))]
pub fn native_version() -> NativeVersion {
	NativeVersion {
		runtime_version: VERSION,
		can_author_with: Default::default(),
	}
}

type NegativeImbalance = <Balances as Currency<AccountId>>::NegativeImbalance;

pub struct DealWithFees;
impl OnUnbalanced<NegativeImbalance> for DealWithFees {
	fn on_unbalanceds<B>(mut fees_then_tips: impl Iterator<Item=NegativeImbalance>) {
		if let Some(fees) = fees_then_tips.next() {
			// for fees, 80% to treasury, 20% to author
			let mut split = fees.ration(80, 20);
			if let Some(tips) = fees_then_tips.next() {
				// for tips, if any, 80% to treasury, 20% to author (though this can be anything)
				tips.ration_merge_into(80, 20, &mut split);
			}
			Treasury::on_unbalanced(split.0);
			Author::on_unbalanced(split.1);
		}
	}
}

/// We assume that ~10% of the block weight is consumed by `on_initialize` handlers.
/// This is used to limit the maximal weight of a single extrinsic.
const AVERAGE_ON_INITIALIZE_RATIO: Perbill = Perbill::from_percent(10);
/// We allow `Normal` extrinsics to fill up the block up to 75%, the rest can be used
/// by  Operational  extrinsics.
const NORMAL_DISPATCH_RATIO: Perbill = Perbill::from_percent(75);
/// We allow for 2 seconds of compute with a 6 second average block time.
const MAXIMUM_BLOCK_WEIGHT: Weight = 2 * WEIGHT_PER_SECOND;

parameter_types! {
	pub const BlockHashCount: BlockNumber = 2400;
	pub const Version: RuntimeVersion = VERSION;
	pub RuntimeBlockLength: BlockLength =
		BlockLength::max_with_normal_ratio(5 * 1024 * 1024, NORMAL_DISPATCH_RATIO);
	pub RuntimeBlockWeights: BlockWeights = BlockWeights::builder()
		.base_block(BlockExecutionWeight::get())
		.for_class(DispatchClass::all(), |weights| {
			weights.base_extrinsic = ExtrinsicBaseWeight::get();
		})
		.for_class(DispatchClass::Normal, |weights| {
			weights.max_total = Some(NORMAL_DISPATCH_RATIO * MAXIMUM_BLOCK_WEIGHT);
		})
		.for_class(DispatchClass::Operational, |weights| {
			weights.max_total = Some(MAXIMUM_BLOCK_WEIGHT);
			// Operational transactions have some extra reserved space, so that they
			// are included even if block reached `MAXIMUM_BLOCK_WEIGHT`.
			weights.reserved = Some(
				MAXIMUM_BLOCK_WEIGHT - NORMAL_DISPATCH_RATIO * MAXIMUM_BLOCK_WEIGHT
			);
		})
		.avg_block_initialization(AVERAGE_ON_INITIALIZE_RATIO)
		.build_or_panic();
	pub const SS58Prefix: u16 = 42;
}

const_assert!(NORMAL_DISPATCH_RATIO.deconstruct() >= AVERAGE_ON_INITIALIZE_RATIO.deconstruct());

impl frame_system::Config for Runtime {
	type BaseCallFilter = ();
	type BlockWeights = RuntimeBlockWeights;
	type BlockLength = RuntimeBlockLength;
	type DbWeight = RocksDbWeight;
	type Origin = Origin;
	type Call = Call;
	type Index = Index;
	type BlockNumber = BlockNumber;
	type Hash = Hash;
	type Hashing = BlakeTwo256;
	type AccountId = AccountId;
	type Lookup = Indices;
	type Header = generic::Header<BlockNumber, BlakeTwo256>;
	type Event = Event;
	type BlockHashCount = BlockHashCount;
	type Version = Version;
	type PalletInfo = PalletInfo;
	type AccountData = pallet_balances::AccountData<Balance>;
	type OnNewAccount = ();
	type OnKilledAccount = ();
	type SystemWeightInfo = frame_system::weights::SubstrateWeight<Runtime>;
	type SS58Prefix = SS58Prefix;
	type OnSetCode = ();
}

impl pallet_utility::Config for Runtime {
	type Event = Event;
	type Call = Call;
	type WeightInfo = pallet_utility::weights::SubstrateWeight<Runtime>;
}

parameter_types! {
	// One storage item; key size is 32; value is size 4+4+16+32 bytes = 56 bytes.
	pub const DepositBase: Balance = deposit(1, 88);
	// Additional storage item size of 32 bytes.
	pub const DepositFactor: Balance = deposit(0, 32);
	pub const MaxSignatories: u16 = 100;
}

impl pallet_multisig::Config for Runtime {
	type Event = Event;
	type Call = Call;
	type Currency = Balances;
	type DepositBase = DepositBase;
	type DepositFactor = DepositFactor;
	type MaxSignatories = MaxSignatories;
	type WeightInfo = pallet_multisig::weights::SubstrateWeight<Runtime>;
}

parameter_types! {
	// One storage item; key size 32, value size 8; .
	pub const ProxyDepositBase: Balance = deposit(1, 8);
	// Additional storage item size of 33 bytes.
	pub const ProxyDepositFactor: Balance = deposit(0, 33);
	pub const MaxProxies: u16 = 32;
	pub const AnnouncementDepositBase: Balance = deposit(1, 8);
	pub const AnnouncementDepositFactor: Balance = deposit(0, 66);
	pub const MaxPending: u16 = 32;
}

/// The type used to represent the kinds of proxying allowed.
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd, Encode, Decode, RuntimeDebug, MaxEncodedLen)]
pub enum ProxyType {
	Any,
	NonTransfer,
	Governance,
	Staking,
}
impl Default for ProxyType { fn default() -> Self { Self::Any } }
impl InstanceFilter<Call> for ProxyType {
	fn filter(&self, c: &Call) -> bool {
		match self {
			ProxyType::Any => true,
			ProxyType::NonTransfer => !matches!(
				c,
				Call::Balances(..) |
				Call::Vesting(pallet_vesting::Call::vested_transfer(..)) |
				Call::Indices(pallet_indices::Call::transfer(..))
			),
			ProxyType::Governance => matches!(
				c,
				Call::Democracy(..) |
				Call::Council(..) |
				Call::Society(..) |
				Call::TechnicalCommittee(..) |
				Call::Elections(..) |
				Call::Treasury(..)
			),
			ProxyType::Staking => matches!(c, Call::Staking(..)),
		}
	}
	fn is_superset(&self, o: &Self) -> bool {
		match (self, o) {
			(x, y) if x == y => true,
			(ProxyType::Any, _) => true,
			(_, ProxyType::Any) => false,
			(ProxyType::NonTransfer, _) => true,
			_ => false,
		}
	}
}

impl pallet_proxy::Config for Runtime {
	type Event = Event;
	type Call = Call;
	type Currency = Balances;
	type ProxyType = ProxyType;
	type ProxyDepositBase = ProxyDepositBase;
	type ProxyDepositFactor = ProxyDepositFactor;
	type MaxProxies = MaxProxies;
	type WeightInfo = pallet_proxy::weights::SubstrateWeight<Runtime>;
	type MaxPending = MaxPending;
	type CallHasher = BlakeTwo256;
	type AnnouncementDepositBase = AnnouncementDepositBase;
	type AnnouncementDepositFactor = AnnouncementDepositFactor;
}

parameter_types! {
	pub MaximumSchedulerWeight: Weight = Perbill::from_percent(80) *
		RuntimeBlockWeights::get().max_block;
	pub const MaxScheduledPerBlock: u32 = 50;
}

impl pallet_scheduler::Config for Runtime {
	type Event = Event;
	type Origin = Origin;
	type PalletsOrigin = OriginCaller;
	type Call = Call;
	type MaximumWeight = MaximumSchedulerWeight;
	type ScheduleOrigin = EnsureRoot<AccountId>;
	type MaxScheduledPerBlock = MaxScheduledPerBlock;
	type WeightInfo = pallet_scheduler::weights::SubstrateWeight<Runtime>;
}

parameter_types! {
	// NOTE: Currently it is not possible to change the epoch duration after the chain has started.
	//       Attempting to do so will brick block production.
	pub const EpochDuration: u64 = EPOCH_DURATION_IN_SLOTS;
	pub const ExpectedBlockTime: Moment = MILLISECS_PER_BLOCK;
	pub const ReportLongevity: u64 =
		BondingDuration::get() as u64 * SessionsPerEra::get() as u64 * EpochDuration::get();
}

impl pallet_babe::Config for Runtime {
	type EpochDuration = EpochDuration;
	type ExpectedBlockTime = ExpectedBlockTime;
	type EpochChangeTrigger = pallet_babe::ExternalTrigger;

	type KeyOwnerProofSystem = Historical;

	type KeyOwnerProof = <Self::KeyOwnerProofSystem as KeyOwnerProofSystem<(
		KeyTypeId,
		pallet_babe::AuthorityId,
	)>>::Proof;

	type KeyOwnerIdentification = <Self::KeyOwnerProofSystem as KeyOwnerProofSystem<(
		KeyTypeId,
		pallet_babe::AuthorityId,
	)>>::IdentificationTuple;

	type HandleEquivocation =
		pallet_babe::EquivocationHandler<Self::KeyOwnerIdentification, Offences, ReportLongevity>;

	type WeightInfo = ();
}

parameter_types! {
	pub const IndexDeposit: Balance = 1 * DOLLARS;
}

impl pallet_indices::Config for Runtime {
	type AccountIndex = AccountIndex;
	type Currency = Balances;
	type Deposit = IndexDeposit;
	type Event = Event;
	type WeightInfo = pallet_indices::weights::SubstrateWeight<Runtime>;
}

parameter_types! {
	pub const ExistentialDeposit: Balance = 1 * DOLLARS;
	// For weight estimation, we assume that the most locks on an individual account will be 50.
	// This number may need to be adjusted in the future if this assumption no longer holds true.
	pub const MaxLocks: u32 = 50;
	pub const MaxReserves: u32 = 50;
}

impl pallet_balances::Config for Runtime {
	type MaxLocks = MaxLocks;
	type MaxReserves = MaxReserves;
	type ReserveIdentifier = [u8; 8];
	type Balance = Balance;
	type DustRemoval = ();
	type Event = Event;
	type ExistentialDeposit = ExistentialDeposit;
	type AccountStore = frame_system::Pallet<Runtime>;
	type WeightInfo = pallet_balances::weights::SubstrateWeight<Runtime>;
}

parameter_types! {
	pub const TransactionByteFee: Balance = 10 * MILLICENTS;
	pub const TargetBlockFullness: Perquintill = Perquintill::from_percent(25);
	pub AdjustmentVariable: Multiplier = Multiplier::saturating_from_rational(1, 100_000);
	pub MinimumMultiplier: Multiplier = Multiplier::saturating_from_rational(1, 1_000_000_000u128);
}

impl pallet_transaction_payment::Config for Runtime {
	type OnChargeTransaction = CurrencyAdapter<Balances, DealWithFees>;
	type TransactionByteFee = TransactionByteFee;
	type WeightToFee = IdentityFee<Balance>;
	type FeeMultiplierUpdate =
		TargetedFeeAdjustment<Self, TargetBlockFullness, AdjustmentVariable, MinimumMultiplier>;
}

parameter_types! {
	pub const MinimumPeriod: Moment = SLOT_DURATION / 2;
}

impl pallet_timestamp::Config for Runtime {
	type Moment = Moment;
	type OnTimestampSet = Babe;
	type MinimumPeriod = MinimumPeriod;
	type WeightInfo = pallet_timestamp::weights::SubstrateWeight<Runtime>;
}

parameter_types! {
	pub const UncleGenerations: BlockNumber = 5;
}

impl pallet_authorship::Config for Runtime {
	type FindAuthor = pallet_session::FindAccountFromAuthorIndex<Self, Babe>;
	type UncleGenerations = UncleGenerations;
	type FilterUncle = ();
	type EventHandler = (Staking, ImOnline);
}

impl_opaque_keys! {
	pub struct SessionKeys {
		pub grandpa: Grandpa,
		pub babe: Babe,
		pub im_online: ImOnline,
		pub authority_discovery: AuthorityDiscovery,
	}
}

parameter_types! {
	pub const DisabledValidatorsThreshold: Perbill = Perbill::from_percent(17);
}

impl pallet_session::Config for Runtime {
	type Event = Event;
	type ValidatorId = <Self as frame_system::Config>::AccountId;
	type ValidatorIdOf = pallet_staking::StashOf<Self>;
	type ShouldEndSession = Babe;
	type NextSessionRotation = Babe;
	type SessionManager = pallet_session::historical::NoteHistoricalRoot<Self, Staking>;
	type SessionHandler = <SessionKeys as OpaqueKeys>::KeyTypeIdProviders;
	type Keys = SessionKeys;
	type DisabledValidatorsThreshold = DisabledValidatorsThreshold;
	type WeightInfo = pallet_session::weights::SubstrateWeight<Runtime>;
}

impl pallet_session::historical::Config for Runtime {
	type FullIdentification = pallet_staking::Exposure<AccountId, Balance>;
	type FullIdentificationOf = pallet_staking::ExposureOf<Runtime>;
}

pallet_staking_reward_curve::build! {
	const REWARD_CURVE: PiecewiseLinear<'static> = curve!(
		min_inflation: 0_025_000,
		max_inflation: 0_100_000,
		ideal_stake: 0_500_000,
		falloff: 0_050_000,
		max_piece_count: 40,
		test_precision: 0_005_000,
	);
}

parameter_types! {
	pub const SessionsPerEra: sp_staking::SessionIndex = 6;
	pub const BondingDuration: pallet_staking::EraIndex = 24 * 28;
	pub const SlashDeferDuration: pallet_staking::EraIndex = 24 * 7; // 1/4 the bonding duration.
	pub const RewardCurve: &'static PiecewiseLinear<'static> = &REWARD_CURVE;
	pub const MaxNominatorRewardedPerValidator: u32 = 256;
	pub OffchainRepeat: BlockNumber = 5;
}

impl pallet_staking::Config for Runtime {
	const MAX_NOMINATIONS: u32 = MAX_NOMINATIONS;
	type Currency = Balances;
	type UnixTime = Timestamp;
	type CurrencyToVote = U128CurrencyToVote;
	type RewardRemainder = Treasury;
	type Event = Event;
	type Slash = Treasury; // send the slashed funds to the treasury.
	type Reward = (); // rewards are minted from the void
	type SessionsPerEra = SessionsPerEra;
	type BondingDuration = BondingDuration;
	type SlashDeferDuration = SlashDeferDuration;
	/// A super-majority of the council can cancel the slash.
	type SlashCancelOrigin = EnsureOneOf<
		AccountId,
		EnsureRoot<AccountId>,
		pallet_collective::EnsureProportionAtLeast<_3, _4, AccountId, CouncilCollective>
	>;
	type SessionInterface = Self;
	type EraPayout = pallet_staking::ConvertCurve<RewardCurve>;
	type NextNewSession = Session;
	type MaxNominatorRewardedPerValidator = MaxNominatorRewardedPerValidator;
	type ElectionProvider = ElectionProviderMultiPhase;
	type WeightInfo = pallet_staking::weights::SubstrateWeight<Runtime>;
}

parameter_types! {
	// phase durations. 1/4 of the last session for each.
	pub const SignedPhase: u32 = EPOCH_DURATION_IN_BLOCKS / 4;
	pub const UnsignedPhase: u32 = EPOCH_DURATION_IN_BLOCKS / 4;

	// fallback: no need to do on-chain phragmen initially.
	pub const Fallback: pallet_election_provider_multi_phase::FallbackStrategy =
		pallet_election_provider_multi_phase::FallbackStrategy::OnChain;

	pub SolutionImprovementThreshold: Perbill = Perbill::from_rational(1u32, 10_000);

	// miner configs
	pub const MultiPhaseUnsignedPriority: TransactionPriority = StakingUnsignedPriority::get() - 1u64;
	pub const MinerMaxIterations: u32 = 10;
	pub MinerMaxWeight: Weight = RuntimeBlockWeights::get()
		.get(DispatchClass::Normal)
		.max_extrinsic.expect("Normal extrinsics have a weight limit configured; qed")
		.saturating_sub(BlockExecutionWeight::get());
	// Solution can occupy 90% of normal block size
	pub MinerMaxLength: u32 = Perbill::from_rational(9u32, 10) *
		*RuntimeBlockLength::get()
		.max
		.get(DispatchClass::Normal);
}

sp_npos_elections::generate_solution_type!(
	#[compact]
	pub struct NposCompactSolution16::<
		VoterIndex = u32,
		TargetIndex = u16,
		Accuracy = sp_runtime::PerU16,
	>(16)
);

pub const MAX_NOMINATIONS: u32 =
	<NposCompactSolution16 as sp_npos_elections::CompactSolution>::LIMIT as u32;

impl pallet_election_provider_multi_phase::Config for Runtime {
	type Event = Event;
	type Currency = Balances;
	type SignedPhase = SignedPhase;
	type UnsignedPhase = UnsignedPhase;
	type SolutionImprovementThreshold = SolutionImprovementThreshold;
	type OffchainRepeat = OffchainRepeat;
	type MinerMaxIterations = MinerMaxIterations;
	type MinerMaxWeight = MinerMaxWeight;
	type MinerMaxLength = MinerMaxLength;
	type MinerTxPriority = MultiPhaseUnsignedPriority;
	type DataProvider = Staking;
	type OnChainAccuracy = Perbill;
	type CompactSolution = NposCompactSolution16;
	type Fallback = Fallback;
	type WeightInfo = pallet_election_provider_multi_phase::weights::SubstrateWeight<Runtime>;
	type ForceOrigin = EnsureRootOrHalfCouncil;
	type BenchmarkingConfig = ();
}

parameter_types! {
	pub const LaunchPeriod: BlockNumber = 28 * 24 * 60 * MINUTES;
	pub const VotingPeriod: BlockNumber = 28 * 24 * 60 * MINUTES;
	pub const FastTrackVotingPeriod: BlockNumber = 3 * 24 * 60 * MINUTES;
	pub const InstantAllowed: bool = true;
	pub const MinimumDeposit: Balance = 100 * DOLLARS;
	pub const EnactmentPeriod: BlockNumber = 30 * 24 * 60 * MINUTES;
	pub const CooloffPeriod: BlockNumber = 28 * 24 * 60 * MINUTES;
	// One cent: $10,000 / MB
	pub const PreimageByteDeposit: Balance = 1 * CENTS;
	pub const MaxVotes: u32 = 100;
	pub const MaxProposals: u32 = 100;
}

impl pallet_democracy::Config for Runtime {
	type Proposal = Call;
	type Event = Event;
	type Currency = Balances;
	type EnactmentPeriod = EnactmentPeriod;
	type LaunchPeriod = LaunchPeriod;
	type VotingPeriod = VotingPeriod;
	type MinimumDeposit = MinimumDeposit;
	/// A straight majority of the council can decide what their next motion is.
	type ExternalOrigin = pallet_collective::EnsureProportionAtLeast<_1, _2, AccountId, CouncilCollective>;
	/// A super-majority can have the next scheduled referendum be a straight majority-carries vote.
	type ExternalMajorityOrigin = pallet_collective::EnsureProportionAtLeast<_3, _4, AccountId, CouncilCollective>;
	/// A unanimous council can have the next scheduled referendum be a straight default-carries
	/// (NTB) vote.
	type ExternalDefaultOrigin = pallet_collective::EnsureProportionAtLeast<_1, _1, AccountId, CouncilCollective>;
	/// Two thirds of the technical committee can have an ExternalMajority/ExternalDefault vote
	/// be tabled immediately and with a shorter voting/enactment period.
	type FastTrackOrigin = pallet_collective::EnsureProportionAtLeast<_2, _3, AccountId, TechnicalCollective>;
	type InstantOrigin = pallet_collective::EnsureProportionAtLeast<_1, _1, AccountId, TechnicalCollective>;
	type InstantAllowed = InstantAllowed;
	type FastTrackVotingPeriod = FastTrackVotingPeriod;
	// To cancel a proposal which has been passed, 2/3 of the council must agree to it.
	type CancellationOrigin = pallet_collective::EnsureProportionAtLeast<_2, _3, AccountId, CouncilCollective>;
	// To cancel a proposal before it has been passed, the technical committee must be unanimous or
	// Root must agree.
	type CancelProposalOrigin = EnsureOneOf<
		AccountId,
		EnsureRoot<AccountId>,
		pallet_collective::EnsureProportionAtLeast<_1, _1, AccountId, TechnicalCollective>,
	>;
	type BlacklistOrigin = EnsureRoot<AccountId>;
	// Any single technical committee member may veto a coming council proposal, however they can
	// only do it once and it lasts only for the cool-off period.
	type VetoOrigin = pallet_collective::EnsureMember<AccountId, TechnicalCollective>;
	type CooloffPeriod = CooloffPeriod;
	type PreimageByteDeposit = PreimageByteDeposit;
	type OperationalPreimageOrigin = pallet_collective::EnsureMember<AccountId, CouncilCollective>;
	type Slash = Treasury;
	type Scheduler = Scheduler;
	type PalletsOrigin = OriginCaller;
	type MaxVotes = MaxVotes;
	type WeightInfo = pallet_democracy::weights::SubstrateWeight<Runtime>;
	type MaxProposals = MaxProposals;
}

parameter_types! {
	pub const CouncilMotionDuration: BlockNumber = 5 * DAYS;
	pub const CouncilMaxProposals: u32 = 100;
	pub const CouncilMaxMembers: u32 = 100;
}

type CouncilCollective = pallet_collective::Instance1;
impl pallet_collective::Config<CouncilCollective> for Runtime {
	type Origin = Origin;
	type Proposal = Call;
	type Event = Event;
	type MotionDuration = CouncilMotionDuration;
	type MaxProposals = CouncilMaxProposals;
	type MaxMembers = CouncilMaxMembers;
	type DefaultVote = pallet_collective::PrimeDefaultVote;
	type WeightInfo = pallet_collective::weights::SubstrateWeight<Runtime>;
}

parameter_types! {
	pub const CandidacyBond: Balance = 10 * DOLLARS;
	// 1 storage item created, key size is 32 bytes, value size is 16+16.
	pub const VotingBondBase: Balance = deposit(1, 64);
	// additional data per vote is 32 bytes (account id).
	pub const VotingBondFactor: Balance = deposit(0, 32);
	pub const TermDuration: BlockNumber = 7 * DAYS;
	pub const DesiredMembers: u32 = 13;
	pub const DesiredRunnersUp: u32 = 7;
	pub const ElectionsPhragmenPalletId: LockIdentifier = *b"phrelect";
}

// Make sure that there are no more than `MaxMembers` members elected via elections-phragmen.
const_assert!(DesiredMembers::get() <= CouncilMaxMembers::get());

impl pallet_elections_phragmen::Config for Runtime {
	type Event = Event;
	type PalletId = ElectionsPhragmenPalletId;
	type Currency = Balances;
	type ChangeMembers = Council;
	// NOTE: this implies that council's genesis members cannot be set directly and must come from
	// this module.
	type InitializeMembers = Council;
	type CurrencyToVote = U128CurrencyToVote;
	type CandidacyBond = CandidacyBond;
	type VotingBondBase = VotingBondBase;
	type VotingBondFactor = VotingBondFactor;
	type LoserCandidate = ();
	type KickedMember = ();
	type DesiredMembers = DesiredMembers;
	type DesiredRunnersUp = DesiredRunnersUp;
	type TermDuration = TermDuration;
	type WeightInfo = pallet_elections_phragmen::weights::SubstrateWeight<Runtime>;
}

parameter_types! {
	pub const TechnicalMotionDuration: BlockNumber = 5 * DAYS;
	pub const TechnicalMaxProposals: u32 = 100;
	pub const TechnicalMaxMembers: u32 = 100;
}

type TechnicalCollective = pallet_collective::Instance2;
impl pallet_collective::Config<TechnicalCollective> for Runtime {
	type Origin = Origin;
	type Proposal = Call;
	type Event = Event;
	type MotionDuration = TechnicalMotionDuration;
	type MaxProposals = TechnicalMaxProposals;
	type MaxMembers = TechnicalMaxMembers;
	type DefaultVote = pallet_collective::PrimeDefaultVote;
	type WeightInfo = pallet_collective::weights::SubstrateWeight<Runtime>;
}

type EnsureRootOrHalfCouncil = EnsureOneOf<
	AccountId,
	EnsureRoot<AccountId>,
	pallet_collective::EnsureProportionMoreThan<_1, _2, AccountId, CouncilCollective>
>;
impl pallet_membership::Config<pallet_membership::Instance1> for Runtime {
	type Event = Event;
	type AddOrigin = EnsureRootOrHalfCouncil;
	type RemoveOrigin = EnsureRootOrHalfCouncil;
	type SwapOrigin = EnsureRootOrHalfCouncil;
	type ResetOrigin = EnsureRootOrHalfCouncil;
	type PrimeOrigin = EnsureRootOrHalfCouncil;
	type MembershipInitialized = TechnicalCommittee;
	type MembershipChanged = TechnicalCommittee;
	type MaxMembers = TechnicalMaxMembers;
	type WeightInfo = pallet_membership::weights::SubstrateWeight<Runtime>;
}

parameter_types! {
	pub const ProposalBond: Permill = Permill::from_percent(5);
	pub const ProposalBondMinimum: Balance = 1 * DOLLARS;
	pub const SpendPeriod: BlockNumber = 1 * DAYS;
	pub const Burn: Permill = Permill::from_percent(50);
	pub const TipCountdown: BlockNumber = 1 * DAYS;
	pub const TipFindersFee: Percent = Percent::from_percent(20);
	pub const TipReportDepositBase: Balance = 1 * DOLLARS;
	pub const DataDepositPerByte: Balance = 1 * CENTS;
	pub const BountyDepositBase: Balance = 1 * DOLLARS;
	pub const BountyDepositPayoutDelay: BlockNumber = 1 * DAYS;
	pub const TreasuryPalletId: PalletId = PalletId(*b"py/trsry");
	pub const BountyUpdatePeriod: BlockNumber = 14 * DAYS;
	pub const MaximumReasonLength: u32 = 16384;
	pub const BountyCuratorDeposit: Permill = Permill::from_percent(50);
	pub const BountyValueMinimum: Balance = 5 * DOLLARS;
	pub const MaxApprovals: u32 = 100;
}

impl pallet_treasury::Config for Runtime {
	type PalletId = TreasuryPalletId;
	type Currency = Balances;
	type ApproveOrigin = EnsureOneOf<
		AccountId,
		EnsureRoot<AccountId>,
		pallet_collective::EnsureProportionAtLeast<_3, _5, AccountId, CouncilCollective>
	>;
	type RejectOrigin = EnsureOneOf<
		AccountId,
		EnsureRoot<AccountId>,
		pallet_collective::EnsureProportionMoreThan<_1, _2, AccountId, CouncilCollective>
	>;
	type Event = Event;
	type OnSlash = ();
	type ProposalBond = ProposalBond;
	type ProposalBondMinimum = ProposalBondMinimum;
	type SpendPeriod = SpendPeriod;
	type Burn = Burn;
	type BurnDestination = ();
	type SpendFunds = Bounties;
	type WeightInfo = pallet_treasury::weights::SubstrateWeight<Runtime>;
	type MaxApprovals = MaxApprovals;
}

impl pallet_bounties::Config for Runtime {
	type Event = Event;
	type BountyDepositBase = BountyDepositBase;
	type BountyDepositPayoutDelay = BountyDepositPayoutDelay;
	type BountyUpdatePeriod = BountyUpdatePeriod;
	type BountyCuratorDeposit = BountyCuratorDeposit;
	type BountyValueMinimum = BountyValueMinimum;
	type DataDepositPerByte = DataDepositPerByte;
	type MaximumReasonLength = MaximumReasonLength;
	type WeightInfo = pallet_bounties::weights::SubstrateWeight<Runtime>;
}

impl pallet_tips::Config for Runtime {
	type Event = Event;
	type DataDepositPerByte = DataDepositPerByte;
	type MaximumReasonLength = MaximumReasonLength;
	type Tippers = Elections;
	type TipCountdown = TipCountdown;
	type TipFindersFee = TipFindersFee;
	type TipReportDepositBase = TipReportDepositBase;
	type WeightInfo = pallet_tips::weights::SubstrateWeight<Runtime>;
}

parameter_types! {
	pub TombstoneDeposit: Balance = deposit(
		1,
		<pallet_contracts::Pallet<Runtime>>::contract_info_size(),
	);
	pub DepositPerContract: Balance = TombstoneDeposit::get();
	pub const DepositPerStorageByte: Balance = deposit(0, 1);
	pub const DepositPerStorageItem: Balance = deposit(1, 0);
	pub RentFraction: Perbill = Perbill::from_rational(1u32, 30 * DAYS);
	pub const SurchargeReward: Balance = 150 * MILLICENTS;
	pub const SignedClaimHandicap: u32 = 2;
	pub const MaxValueSize: u32 = 16 * 1024;
	// The lazy deletion runs inside on_initialize.
	pub DeletionWeightLimit: Weight = AVERAGE_ON_INITIALIZE_RATIO *
		RuntimeBlockWeights::get().max_block;
	// The weight needed for decoding the queue should be less or equal than a fifth
	// of the overall weight dedicated to the lazy deletion.
	pub DeletionQueueDepth: u32 = ((DeletionWeightLimit::get() / (
			<Runtime as pallet_contracts::Config>::WeightInfo::on_initialize_per_queue_item(1) -
			<Runtime as pallet_contracts::Config>::WeightInfo::on_initialize_per_queue_item(0)
		)) / 5) as u32;
	pub Schedule: pallet_contracts::Schedule<Runtime> = Default::default();
}

impl pallet_contracts::Config for Runtime {
	type Time = Timestamp;
	type Randomness = RandomnessCollectiveFlip;
	type Currency = Balances;
	type Event = Event;
	type RentPayment = ();
	type SignedClaimHandicap = SignedClaimHandicap;
	type TombstoneDeposit = TombstoneDeposit;
	type DepositPerContract = DepositPerContract;
	type DepositPerStorageByte = DepositPerStorageByte;
	type DepositPerStorageItem = DepositPerStorageItem;
	type RentFraction = RentFraction;
	type SurchargeReward = SurchargeReward;
	type CallStack = [pallet_contracts::Frame<Self>; 31];
	type WeightPrice = pallet_transaction_payment::Module<Self>;
	type WeightInfo = pallet_contracts::weights::SubstrateWeight<Self>;
	type ChainExtension = ();
	type DeletionQueueDepth = DeletionQueueDepth;
	type DeletionWeightLimit = DeletionWeightLimit;
	type Schedule = Schedule;
}

impl pallet_sudo::Config for Runtime {
	type Event = Event;
	type Call = Call;
}

parameter_types! {
	pub const ImOnlineUnsignedPriority: TransactionPriority = TransactionPriority::max_value();
	/// We prioritize im-online heartbeats over election solution submission.
	pub const StakingUnsignedPriority: TransactionPriority = TransactionPriority::max_value() / 2;
}

impl<LocalCall> frame_system::offchain::CreateSignedTransaction<LocalCall> for Runtime
	where
		Call: From<LocalCall>,
{
	fn create_transaction<C: frame_system::offchain::AppCrypto<Self::Public, Self::Signature>>(
		call: Call,
		public: <Signature as traits::Verify>::Signer,
		account: AccountId,
		nonce: Index,
	) -> Option<(Call, <UncheckedExtrinsic as traits::Extrinsic>::SignaturePayload)> {
		let tip = 0;
		// take the biggest period possible.
		let period = BlockHashCount::get()
			.checked_next_power_of_two()
			.map(|c| c / 2)
			.unwrap_or(2) as u64;
		let current_block = System::block_number()
			.saturated_into::<u64>()
			// The `System::block_number` is initialized with `n+1`,
			// so the actual block number is `n`.
			.saturating_sub(1);
		let era = Era::mortal(period, current_block);
		let extra = (
			frame_system::CheckSpecVersion::<Runtime>::new(),
			frame_system::CheckTxVersion::<Runtime>::new(),
			frame_system::CheckGenesis::<Runtime>::new(),
			frame_system::CheckEra::<Runtime>::from(era),
			frame_system::CheckNonce::<Runtime>::from(nonce),
			frame_system::CheckWeight::<Runtime>::new(),
			pallet_transaction_payment::ChargeTransactionPayment::<Runtime>::from(tip),
		);
		let raw_payload = SignedPayload::new(call, extra)
			.map_err(|e| {
				log::warn!("Unable to create signed payload: {:?}", e);
			})
			.ok()?;
		let signature = raw_payload
			.using_encoded(|payload| {
				C::sign(payload, public)
			})?;
		let address = Indices::unlookup(account);
		let (call, extra, _) = raw_payload.deconstruct();
		Some((call, (address, signature.into(), extra)))
	}
}

impl frame_system::offchain::SigningTypes for Runtime {
	type Public = <Signature as traits::Verify>::Signer;
	type Signature = Signature;
}

impl<C> frame_system::offchain::SendTransactionTypes<C> for Runtime where
	Call: From<C>,
{
	type Extrinsic = UncheckedExtrinsic;
	type OverarchingCall = Call;
}

impl pallet_im_online::Config for Runtime {
	type AuthorityId = ImOnlineId;
	type Event = Event;
	type NextSessionRotation = Babe;
	type ValidatorSet = Historical;
	type ReportUnresponsiveness = Offences;
	type UnsignedPriority = ImOnlineUnsignedPriority;
	type WeightInfo = pallet_im_online::weights::SubstrateWeight<Runtime>;
}

impl pallet_offences::Config for Runtime {
	type Event = Event;
	type IdentificationTuple = pallet_session::historical::IdentificationTuple<Self>;
	type OnOffenceHandler = Staking;
}

impl pallet_authority_discovery::Config for Runtime {}

impl pallet_grandpa::Config for Runtime {
	type Event = Event;
	type Call = Call;

	type KeyOwnerProofSystem = Historical;

	type KeyOwnerProof =
		<Self::KeyOwnerProofSystem as KeyOwnerProofSystem<(KeyTypeId, GrandpaId)>>::Proof;

	type KeyOwnerIdentification = <Self::KeyOwnerProofSystem as KeyOwnerProofSystem<(
		KeyTypeId,
		GrandpaId,
	)>>::IdentificationTuple;

	type HandleEquivocation =
		pallet_grandpa::EquivocationHandler<Self::KeyOwnerIdentification, Offences, ReportLongevity>;

	type WeightInfo = ();
}

parameter_types! {
	pub const BasicDeposit: Balance = 10 * DOLLARS;       // 258 bytes on-chain
	pub const FieldDeposit: Balance = 250 * CENTS;        // 66 bytes on-chain
	pub const SubAccountDeposit: Balance = 2 * DOLLARS;   // 53 bytes on-chain
	pub const MaxSubAccounts: u32 = 100;
	pub const MaxAdditionalFields: u32 = 100;
	pub const MaxRegistrars: u32 = 20;
}

impl pallet_identity::Config for Runtime {
	type Event = Event;
	type Currency = Balances;
	type BasicDeposit = BasicDeposit;
	type FieldDeposit = FieldDeposit;
	type SubAccountDeposit = SubAccountDeposit;
	type MaxSubAccounts = MaxSubAccounts;
	type MaxAdditionalFields = MaxAdditionalFields;
	type MaxRegistrars = MaxRegistrars;
	type Slashed = Treasury;
	type ForceOrigin = EnsureRootOrHalfCouncil;
	type RegistrarOrigin = EnsureRootOrHalfCouncil;
	type WeightInfo = pallet_identity::weights::SubstrateWeight<Runtime>;
}

parameter_types! {
	pub const ConfigDepositBase: Balance = 5 * DOLLARS;
	pub const FriendDepositFactor: Balance = 50 * CENTS;
	pub const MaxFriends: u16 = 9;
	pub const RecoveryDeposit: Balance = 5 * DOLLARS;
}

impl pallet_recovery::Config for Runtime {
	type Event = Event;
	type Call = Call;
	type Currency = Balances;
	type ConfigDepositBase = ConfigDepositBase;
	type FriendDepositFactor = FriendDepositFactor;
	type MaxFriends = MaxFriends;
	type RecoveryDeposit = RecoveryDeposit;
}

parameter_types! {
	pub const CandidateDeposit: Balance = 10 * DOLLARS;
	pub const WrongSideDeduction: Balance = 2 * DOLLARS;
	pub const MaxStrikes: u32 = 10;
	pub const RotationPeriod: BlockNumber = 80 * HOURS;
	pub const PeriodSpend: Balance = 500 * DOLLARS;
	pub const MaxLockDuration: BlockNumber = 36 * 30 * DAYS;
	pub const ChallengePeriod: BlockNumber = 7 * DAYS;
	pub const MaxCandidateIntake: u32 = 10;
	pub const SocietyPalletId: PalletId = PalletId(*b"py/socie");
}

impl pallet_society::Config for Runtime {
	type Event = Event;
	type PalletId = SocietyPalletId;
	type Currency = Balances;
	type Randomness = RandomnessCollectiveFlip;
	type CandidateDeposit = CandidateDeposit;
	type WrongSideDeduction = WrongSideDeduction;
	type MaxStrikes = MaxStrikes;
	type PeriodSpend = PeriodSpend;
	type MembershipChanged = ();
	type RotationPeriod = RotationPeriod;
	type MaxLockDuration = MaxLockDuration;
	type FounderSetOrigin = pallet_collective::EnsureProportionMoreThan<_1, _2, AccountId, CouncilCollective>;
	type SuspensionJudgementOrigin = pallet_society::EnsureFounder<Runtime>;
	type MaxCandidateIntake = MaxCandidateIntake;
	type ChallengePeriod = ChallengePeriod;