* expand subsystems descriptions independent of subsystems overview

The subsystems overview in https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot/pull/1161


is a very useful reference for what subsystems need to talk to each other,
when, and why; it helps us design the actual messages.

However, administratively, it belongs in a different PR. This commit
brings in all the changes made there so far as a base for an independent
PR.

* Reorder subsystem descriptions, add some messages

Update ordering of subsystem descriptions to rough order of use,
mirroring the order in the overview document.

Added some message types. Added OverseerSignal variants to several
types, such that each subsystem only needs to listen for a single
type.

* add some more message types, Statement Distribution overview

* add more detail on Statement Distribution, Misbehavior Arbitration

* intentionally punt MA details for a future PR

* reduce duplication from overseer signal handling

* reword for clarity

* clarify: other modules and subsystems also get to talk to the network

* finish current work on candidate selection

* update candidate backing subsystem description according to current thought

* update mechanism for candidate backing to report collator misbehavior to candidate selection

* sketch out the peer receipt state machine

* Fix typo in roadmap/implementors-guide/guide.md

Co-authored-by: Robert Habermeier <[email protected]>

* Don't specify 'peer validators', as messages from non-validator peers are ignored regardless

* clarify instancing of peer receipt state machine

* add section on peer knowledge tracking

* fix typo in roadmap/implementors-guide/guide.md

Co-authored-by: Max Inden <[email protected]>

Co-authored-by: Robert Habermeier <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Max Inden <[email protected]>

* Initial commit

Forked at: 16d6f373
Parent branch: origin/master

* Remove unnecessary Clone derives

* Update Cargo.lock

* Update Cargo.lock again

* Bump Substrate again.

* update kusama runtmie for ensure origin

* update polkadot runtime for ensure origin

* fix imports

* root only available for runtime benchmarks

* Fix lock file

* Bump Substrate

* Update lock

* Remove questionable feature-gating.

Co-authored-by: Shawn Tabrizi <[email protected]>

* change (ci): ci images were moved

* change (ci): rename substrate-ci-linux

* companion pr for paritytech/substrate#6235

* ???

* nah doesn't work for my branch

* bump Cargo.lock

* bump kusama spec versin

* bump kusama spec version

* revert to master

* bump Cargo.lock

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Cast keystore pointer

* Update cargo.lock

* Bump versions.

* Update lock

* Release announcements: s/kusama/polkadot/

* Additional debug info for gitlab publish script

* add rustc version check job

* fully comment out tag-checking

* s/podman/docker/g

* Switch to rust-builder image and install jq

* remove temporary TODOs

Changes behaviour of `sanitised_git_logs` to collate all changes when operating on separate branches.

* Fix for new Substrate

* Fix

* Remove Utility constraint in NonTransfer

* Bump

* Fixes

* Allow limited utilities in proxy filters.

* Fix

* Add SudoBalances proxy restrictions

* Rename Fixed128 to FixedI128.

* Bump cargo, merge #6236 fixes

Co-authored-by: Shawn Tabrizi <[email protected]>

* Companion for Substrate #6123

* Update Substrate

* clarify exception to communication rule for responses

* add note about outside world

* write up my understanding of local and remote disputes

* clean up secondary checker language

* amend to match Jeff's notes

* establish new `node` folder for overseer, messages, and subsystems

* extract message types from overseer crate

* remove doc links

* Update to Substrate master

* Re-do upgrade

* Introduce generalised proxies to polkadot

* Introduce proxy to westend

* Add proxy to Kusama.

* Fix

* migrate subsystem expansion PR from w3f/research

As the file at this new location included changes not present in
https://github.com/w3f/research/pull/87, this is effectively a
rebase, applied manually. I believe that I have successfully retained
all of, and only, the intended changes.

* add section on collators

* note why the overseer is the terminal message point for the validation subsystem

* add detail about how the validitiy system gets PoV blocks

* rename to Validity Subsystems Overview

* get rid of changes to the implementor's guide

I think it makes most sense to track and review the subsystems
overview in a different PR than the one which adds content to
the implementor's guide.

* punt misbehavior arbitration details to the future

* empty commit to rerun CI

* Add block event forwarding into the Overseer

* Add a doc comment

* Fix a doc comment

* Adds start and stop work heartbeats.

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Fix code after suggested changes

* Finalizing stops work on earlier lower blocks.

* Fix func parameter and flaky test

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* note pruning of orphan blocks in the overseer description

* remove note about finalization events being maybe not needed

* Make it work

* Upsub

* file structure and initializer skeleton

* ensure session changes happen before initialization

* add a couple tests for initializer flow

* integrate with session handling

* configuration update logic

* configuration methods

* move test mock to its own module

* integrate configuration into initializer

* add note about initialization order

* integrate configuration module into mock

* add some tests for config module

* paras module storage

* implement paras session change operation

* amend past code pruning to fully cover acceptance period

* update guide again

* do pruning of historical validation code

* add weight to initialization

* integrate into mock & leave notes for next session

* clean up un-ended sentence

* alter test to account for double index in past code meta

* port over code-at logic test

* clarify checking for conflicting code upgrades

* add genesis for paras, include in mock, ensure incoming paras are processed

* note on return value of `validation_code_at`

* implement paras routines from implementor's guide

* bring over some existing tests and begin porting

* port over code upgrade tests

* test parachain registration

* test code_at with intermediate block

* fix warnings

* clean up docs and extract to separate struct

* adjust implementor's guide to include replacementtimes

* kill stray println

* rename expected_at to applied_after

* rewrite ParaPastCodeMeta to avoid reversal

* clarify and test interface of validation_code_at

* make FutureCode optional

* rename do_old_code_pruning

* add comment on Option<()> to answer FAQ

* address some more grumbles

* Initial commit

* Licenses, spaces, docs

* Add a spawner

* Watch spawned subsystems with a FuturesUnordered

* Move the types around a bit

* Suggested fixes by Max

* Add a handler to talk to the Overseer

* FromOverseer and ToOverseer msgs and stopping

* Docs and return errors

* Dont broadcast, have add a from field to messages

* Allow communication between subsystems and outside world

* A message with a oneshot to send result example

* Remove leftover can_recv_msg

* Remove from field from messages

* Dont be generic over stuff

* Gather messages with StreamUnordered

* Fix comments and formatting

* More docs fixes and an example

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Robert Habermeier <[email protected]>

* Fixes from review

Move function from impl block.
Do not panic but resolve with errors if spawner fails or subsystem
resolves.

* Dropping a handler results in a flaky test

Co-authored-by: Robert Habermeier <[email protected]>

* remove old runtime requirements section

* reorganize guide and improve ToC

* Identity

* Bump spec

* Update runtime/polkadot/src/lib.rs

Co-authored-by: kaichao <[email protected]>

* Fix runtime

* Bump runtimes

Co-authored-by: kaichao <[email protected]>

This pr ensures that the table router stays alive for the lifetime of
the validation instance. This is required to ensure that the node
responds onto gossip messages for the particular relay chain round.
Before, the table router was only kept alive for relay chain nodes that
were assigned to a Parachain, however the lifetime was also relative
short. This lead to bugs where a relay chain node did not include
PoVBlock's, because it did not receive them (rejected them on receive,
because it was not listening on the particular round).

* Revert async-std to 1.5.0

* Funny, some part of the Cargo.lock didn't get commited

* Use Substrate block builder.

* Clean up metrics.

* Lock.

* Lock.

* Switch to newest basic authorship interface

* Update Substrate reference and polkadot spec_version

* Let's improve

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* remove redundant resize instruction from guide

* amend past code pruning to fully cover acceptance period

* update guide again

* note on return value of `validation_code_at`

* rename execution cores to availability cores

* clarify terminology

* add ReplacementTimes to the guide

* fully decouple inclusion and scheduler

* clarify parathread scheduling substantially

* clarify validator group selection

This lets offline signers know that the transaction format has changed,
due to the addition of `transaction_version` to the signed payload.

* Bump

* Bump

* Bump