The goal of this PR is to migrate Identity deposits from the Relay Chain
to a system parachain.

The problem I want to solve is that `IdentityOf` and `SubsOf` both store
an amount that's held in reserve as a storage deposit. When migrating to
a parachain, we can take a snapshot of the actual `IdentityInfo` and
sub-account mappings, but should migrate (off chain) the `deposit`s to
zero, since the chain (and by extension, accounts) won't have any funds
at genesis.

The good news is that we expect parachain deposits to be significantly
lower (possibly 100x) on the parachain. That is, a deposit of 21 DOT on
the Relay Chain would need 0.21 DOT on a parachain. This PR proposes to
migrate the deposits in the following way:

1. Introduces a new pallet with two extrinsics: 
- `reap_identity`: Has a configurable `ReapOrigin`, which would be set
to `EnsureSigned` on the Relay Chain (i.e. callable by anyone) and
`EnsureRoot` on the parachain (we don't want identities reaped from
there).
- `poke_deposit`: Checks what deposit the pallet holds (at genesis,
zero) and attempts to update the amount based on the calculated deposit
for storage data.
2. `reap_identity` clears all storage data for a `target` account and
unreserves their deposit.
3. A `ReapIdentityHandler` teleports the necessary DOT to the parachain
and calls `poke_deposit`. Since the parachain deposit is much lower, and
was just unreserved, we know we have enough.

One awkwardness I ran into was that the XCMv3 instruction set does not
provide a way for the system to teleport assets without a fee being
deducted on reception. Users shouldn't have to pay a fee for the system
to migrate their info to a more efficient location. So I wrote my own
program and did the `InitiateTeleport` accounting on my own to send a
program with `UnpaidExecution`. Have discussed an
`InitiateUnpaidTeleport` instruction with @franciscoaguirre

 . Obviously
any chain executing this would have to pass a `Barrier` for free
execution.

TODO:

- [x] Confirm People Chain ParaId
- [x] Confirm People Chain deposit rates (determined in
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/2281)
- [x] Add pallet to Westend

---------

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

This PR introduces:
- XCM  host functions `xcm_send`, `xcm_execute`
- An Xcm trait into the config. that proxy these functions to to
`pallet_xcm`, or disable their usage by using `()`.
- A mock_network and xcm_test files to test the newly added xcm-related
functions.

---------

Co-authored-by: Keith Yeung <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Sasha Gryaznov <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>
Co-authored-by: Francisco Aguirre <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <[email protected]>

Fixes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/1725

This PR adds the following changes:
1. An attribute `pallet::feeless_if` that can be optionally attached to
a call like so:
```rust
#[pallet::feeless_if(|_origin: &OriginFor<T>, something: &u32| -> bool {
	*something == 0
})]
pub fn do_something(origin: OriginFor<T>, something: u32) -> DispatchResult {
     ....
}
```
The closure passed accepts references to arguments as specified in the
call fn. It returns a boolean that denotes the conditions required for
this call to be "feeless".

2. A signed extension `SkipCheckIfFeeless<T: SignedExtension>` that
wraps a transaction payment processor such as
`pallet_transaction_payment::ChargeTransactionPayment`. It checks for
all calls annotated with `pallet::feeless_if` to see if the conditions
are met. If so, the wrapped signed extension is not called, essentially
making the call feeless.

In order to use this, you can simply replace your existing signed
extension that manages transaction payment like so:
```diff
- pallet_transaction_payment::ChargeTransactionPayment<Runtime>,
+ pallet_skip_feeless_payment::SkipCheckIfFeeless<
+	Runtime,
+	pallet_transaction_payment::ChargeTransactionPayment<Runtime>,
+ >,
```

### Todo
- [x] Tests
- [x] Docs
- [x] Prdoc

---------

Co-authored-by: Nikhil Gupta <>
Co-authored-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Francisco Aguirre <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Liam Aharon <[email protected]>

Remove the `GRANDPA_AUTHORITIES_KEY` key and its usage. Apparently this
was used in the early days to communicate the grandpa authorities to the
node. However, we have now a runtime api that does this for us. So, this
pull request is moving from the custom managed storage item to a FRAME
managed storage item.

This pr also includes a migration for doing the switch on a running
chain.

---------

Co-authored-by: Davide Galassi <[email protected]>

As suggested by @ggwpez
(https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/2142#discussion_r1388145872),
remove the `VersionChecked` prefix from version checked migrations (but
leave `VersionUnchecked` prefixes)

---------

Co-authored-by: command-bot <>

These changes are required so that the bridgehub system runtimes can
more easily be configured with multiple message processors

Example usage:

```rust
use frame_support::traits::QueuePausedQuery;

impl pallet_message_queue::Config for Runtime {
    type QueuePausedQuery = (A, B, C)
}

Small PR that introduce a new crate that will host RISC-V & wasm
fixtures for testing pallet-contracts

Changes:
- Adds a new call `remove_key` to the sudo pallet to permanently remove
the sudo key.
- Remove some clones and general maintenance

---------

Signed-off-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>

fixes #2196

# Description

This merely fixes a typo in the documentation, replacing the typo
"slashaed" with "slashed". Since external entities use the comments for
explanations of events, this will then be shown externally. I noticed
this when reviewing [this
event](https://polkadot.subscan.io/extrinsic/0xb6bc1e3abde0c2ed9c500c74cfc64cdb8179e5d9af97f4bf53242ce4cdd15a1d?event=18064194-6)
on Subscan.

This is not related to any other issues or PRs.

Original PR https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/pull/14641

---

Closes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/109

### Problem
Quoting from the above issue:

> When adding a pallet to chain after genesis we currently don't set the
StorageVersion. So, when calling on_chain_storage_version it returns 0
while the pallet is maybe already at storage version 9 when it was added
to the chain. This could lead to issues when running migrations.

### Solution

- Create a new trait `BeforeAllRuntimeMigrations` with a single method
`fn before_all_runtime_migrations() -> Weight` trait with a noop default
implementation
- Modify `Executive` to call
`BeforeAllRuntimeMigrations::before_all_runtime_migrations` for all
pallets before running any other hooks
- Implement `BeforeAllRuntimeMigrations` in the pallet proc macro to
initialize the on-chain version to the current pallet version if the
pallet has no storage set (indicating it has been recently added to the
runtime and needs to have its version initialised).

### Other changes in this PR

- Abstracted repeated boilerplate to access the `pallet_name` in the
pallet expand proc macro.

### FAQ

#### Why create a new hook instead of adding this logic to the pallet
`pre_upgrade`?

`Executive` currently runs `COnRuntimeUpgrade` (custom migrations)
before `AllPalletsWithSystem` migrations. We need versions to be
initialized before the `COnRuntimeUpgrade` migrations are run, because
`COnRuntimeUpgrade` migrations may use the on-chain version for critical
logic. e.g. `VersionedRuntimeUpgrade` uses it to decide whether or not
to execute.

We cannot reorder `COnRuntimeUpgrade` and `AllPalletsWithSystem` so
`AllPalletsWithSystem` runs first, because `AllPalletsWithSystem` have
some logic in their `post_upgrade` hooks to verify that the on-chain
version and current pallet version match. A common use case of
`COnRuntimeUpgrade` migrations is to perform a migration which will
result in the versions matching, so if they were reordered these
`post_upgrade` checks would fail.

#### Why init the on-chain version for pallets without a current storage
version?

We must init the on-chain version for pallets even if they don't have a
defined storage version so if there is a future version bump, the
on-chain version is not automatically set to that new version without a
proper migration.

e.g. bad scenario:

1. A pallet with no 'current version' is added to the runtime
2. Later, the pallet is upgraded with the 'current version' getting set
to 1 and a migration is added to Executive Migrations to migrate the
storage from 0 to 1
    a. Runtime upgrade occurs
    b. `before_all` hook initializes the on-chain version to 1
c. `on_runtime_upgrade` of the migration executes, and sees the on-chain
version is already 1 therefore think storage is already migrated and
does not execute the storage migration
Now, on-chain version is 1 but storage is still at version 0.

By always initializing the on-chain version when the pallet is added to
the runtime we avoid that scenario.

---------

Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

### This PR is a port of this [PR for
substrate](https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/pull/13013) by
@Kianenigma



Add infrastructure needed to have a Pallet::decode_entire_state(), which
makes sure all "typed" storage items defined in the pallet are
decode-able.

This is not enforced in any way at the moment. Teams who wish to
integrate/use this in the try-runtime feature flag should add
frame_support::storage::migration::EnsureStateDecodes as the LAST ITEM
of the runtime's custom migrations, and pass it to frame-executive. This
will make it usable in try-runtime on-runtime-upgrade.

This now catches cases like
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/1969:
```pre
ERROR runtime::executive] failed to decode the value at key: Failed to decode value at key: 0x94eadf0156a8ad5156507773d0471e4ab8ebad86f546c7e0b135a4212aace339. Storage info StorageInfo { pallet_name: Ok("ParaScheduler"), storage_name: Ok("AvailabilityCores"), prefix: Err(Utf8Error { valid_up_to: 0, error_len: Some(1) }), max_values: Some(1), max_size: None }. Raw value: Some("0x0c010101010101")
```

... or:

![image](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/assets/10380170/73052d4f-4da5-4b21-a8dd-b17004e5965e)

Closes #241

---------

Signed-off-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Liam Aharon <[email protected]>

A quick fix where a benchmark test was wrongly renamed in this PR
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/1868

This PR exposes a `force_remove_vesting` through a ROOT call. 
See linked
[issue](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/269)

---------

Co-authored-by: georgepisaltu <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>
Co-authored-by: Dónal Murray <[email protected]>

This PR updates the version of `serde_json` to `1.0.108` throughout the
codebase.

Otherwise the return code is not correctly propagated (ref
https://github.com/ggwpez/zepter/pull/48).

---------

Signed-off-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>

This PR prepares chains specs for _native-runtime-free_  world.

This PR has following changes:
- `substrate`:
  - adds support for:
- JSON based `GenesisConfig` to `ChainSpec` allowing interaction with
runtime `GenesisBuilder` API.
- interacting with arbitrary runtime wasm blob to[
`chain-spec-builder`](https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/blob/3ef576eaeb3f42610e85daecc464961cf1295570/bin/utils/chain-spec-builder/src/lib.rs#L46)
command line util,
- removes
[`code`](https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/blob/3ef576eaeb3f42610e85daecc464961cf1295570/frame/system/src/lib.rs#L660)
from `system_pallet`
  - adds `code` to the `ChainSpec`
- deprecates
[`ChainSpec::from_genesis`](https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/blob/3ef576eaeb3f42610e85daecc464961cf1295570/client/chain-spec/src/chain_spec.rs#L263),
but also changes the signature of this method extending it with `code`
argument.
[`ChainSpec::builder()`](https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/blob/20bee680ed098be7239cf7a6b804cd4de267983e/client/chain-spec/src/chain_spec.rs#L507)
should be used instead.
- `polkadot`:
- all references to `RuntimeGenesisConfig` in `node/service` are
removed,
- all
`(kusama|polkadot|versi|rococo|wococo)_(staging|dev)_genesis_config`
functions now return the JSON patch for default runtime `GenesisConfig`,
  - `ChainSpecBuilder` is used, `ChainSpec::from_genesis` is removed,

- `cumulus`:
  - `ChainSpecBuilder` is used, `ChainSpec::from_genesis` is removed,
- _JSON_ patch configuration used instead of `RuntimeGenesisConfig
struct` in all chain specs.
  
---------

Co-authored-by: command-bot <>
Co-authored-by: Javier Viola <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Davide Galassi <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Francisco Aguirre <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Kevin Krone <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

Should help https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/234.
Related to https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/2020 and
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/2108.

Refactors and improves running time for try runtime checks for staking
pallet.

Tested on westend on my M2 pro: running time drops from 90 seconds to 7
seconds.

closes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/2020.

This improves running time for pallet-bags-list try runtime checks on
westend from ~90 minutes to 6 seconds on M2 pro.

This PR is a follow up to #1661 

- [x] rename the `simple` module to `legacy`
- [x] fix benchmarks to disregard the number of additional fields
- [x] change the storage deposits to charge per encoded byte of the
identity information instance, removing the need for `fn
additional(&self) -> usize` in `IdentityInformationProvider`
- [x] ~add an extrinsic to rejig deposits to account for the change
above~
- [ ] ~ensure through proper configuration that the new byte-based
deposit is always lower than whatever is reserved now~
- [x] remove `IdentityFields` from the `set_fields` extrinsic signature,
as per [this
discussion](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/1661#discussion_r1371703403)

> ensure through proper configuration that the new byte-based deposit is
always lower than whatever is reserved now

Not sure this is needed anymore. If the new deposits are higher than
what is currently on chain and users don't have enough funds to reserve
what is needed, the extrinisc fails and they're basically grandfathered
and frozen until they add more funds and/or make a change to their
identity. This behavior seems fine to me. Original idea
[here](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/1661#issuecomment-1779606319).

> add an extrinsic to rejig deposits to account for the change above

This was initially implemented but now removed from this PR in favor of
the implementation detailed
[here](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/2088).

---------

Signed-off-by: georgepisaltu <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: joepetrowski <[email protected]>

- This adds the new trait `StorageDecodeNonDedupLength` and implements
them for `BTreeSet` and its bounded types.
- New unit test has been added to cover the case.  
- See linked
[issue](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/126) which
outlines the original issue.

Note that the added trait here doesn't add new logic but improves
semantics.

---------

Co-authored-by: joe petrowski <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>

(imported from https://github.com/paritytech/cumulus/pull/2157)

## Changes

This MR refactores the XCMP, Parachains System and DMP pallets to use
the [MessageQueue](https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/pull/12485)
for delayed execution of incoming messages. The DMP pallet is entirely
replaced by the MQ and thereby removed. This allows for PoV-bounded
execution and resolves a number of issues that stem from the current
work-around.

All System Parachains adopt this change.  
The most important changes are in `primitives/core/src/lib.rs`,
`parachains/common/src/process_xcm_message.rs`,
`pallets/parachain-system/src/lib.rs`, `pallets/xcmp-queue/src/lib.rs`
and the runtime configs.

### DMP Queue Pallet

The pallet got removed and its logic refactored into parachain-system.
Overweight message management can be done directly through the MQ
pallet.

Final undeployment migrations are provided by
`cumulus_pallet_dmp_queue::UndeployDmpQueue` and `DeleteDmpQueue` that
can be configured with an aux config trait like:

```rust
parameter_types! {
	pub const DmpQueuePalletName: &'static str = \"DmpQueue\" < CHANGE ME;
	pub const RelayOrigin: AggregateMessageOrigin = AggregateMessageOrigin::Parent;
}

impl cumulus_pallet_dmp_queue::MigrationConfig for Runtime {
	type PalletName = DmpQueuePalletName;
	type DmpHandler = frame_support::traits::EnqueueWithOrigin<MessageQueue, RelayOrigin>;
	type DbWeight = <Runtime as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight;
}

// And adding them to your Migrations tuple:
pub type Migrations = (
	...
	cumulus_pallet_dmp_queue::UndeployDmpQueue<Runtime>,
	cumulus_pallet_dmp_queue::DeleteDmpQueue<Runtime>,
);
```

### XCMP Queue pallet

Removed all dispatch queue functionality. Incoming XCMP messages are now
either: Immediately handled if they are Signals, enqueued into the MQ
pallet otherwise.

New config items for the XCMP queue pallet:
```rust
/// The actual queue implementation that retains the messages for later processing.
type XcmpQueue: EnqueueMessage<ParaId>;

/// How a XCM over HRMP from a sibling parachain should be processed.
type XcmpProcessor: ProcessMessage<Origin = ParaId>;

/// The maximal number of suspended XCMP channels at the same time.
#[pallet::constant]
type MaxInboundSuspended: Get<u32>;
```

How to configure those:

```rust
// Use the MessageQueue pallet to store messages for later processing. The `TransformOrigin` is needed since
// the MQ pallet itself operators on `AggregateMessageOrigin` but we want to enqueue `ParaId`s.
type XcmpQueue = TransformOrigin<MessageQueue, AggregateMessageOrigin, ParaId, ParaIdToSibling>;

// Process XCMP messages from siblings. This is type-safe to only accept `ParaId`s. They will be dispatched
// with origin `Junction::Sibling(…)`.
type XcmpProcessor = ProcessFromSibling<
	ProcessXcmMessage<
		AggregateMessageOrigin,
		xcm_executor::XcmExecutor<xcm_config::XcmConfig>,
		RuntimeCall,
	>,
>;

// Not really important what to choose here. Just something larger than the maximal number of channels.
type MaxInboundSuspended = sp_core::ConstU32<1_000>;
```

The `InboundXcmpStatus` storage item was replaced by
`InboundXcmpSuspended` since it now only tracks inbound queue suspension
and no message indices anymore.

Now only sends the most recent channel `Signals`, as all prio ones are
out-dated anyway.

### Parachain System pallet

For `DMP` messages instead of forwarding them to the `DMP` pallet, it
now pushes them to the configured `DmpQueue`. The message processing
which was triggered in `set_validation_data` is now being done by the MQ
pallet `on_initialize`.

XCMP messages are still handed off to the `XcmpMessageHandler`
(XCMP-Queue pallet) - no change here.

New config items for the parachain system pallet:
```rust
/// Queues inbound downward messages for delayed processing. 
///
/// Analogous to the `XcmpQueue` of the XCMP queue pallet.
type DmpQueue: EnqueueMessage<AggregateMessageOrigin>;
``` 

How to configure:
```rust
/// Use the MQ pallet to store DMP messages for delayed processing.
type DmpQueue = MessageQueue;
``` 

## Message Flow

The flow of messages on the parachain side. Messages come in from the
left via the `Validation Data` and finally end up at the `Xcm Executor`
on the right.

![Untitled
(1)](https://github.com/paritytech/cumulus/assets/10380170/6cf8b377-88c9-4aed-96df-baace266e04d)

## Further changes

- Bumped the default suspension, drop and resume thresholds in
`QueueConfigData::default()`.
- `XcmpQueue::{suspend_xcm_execution, resume_xcm_execution}` errors when
they would be a noop.
- Properly validate the `QueueConfigData` before setting it.
- Marked weight files as auto-generated so they wont auto-expand in the
MR files view.
- Move the `hypothetical` asserts to `frame_support` under the name
`experimental_hypothetically`

Questions:
- [ ] What about the ugly `#[cfg(feature = \"runtime-benchmarks\")]` in
the runtimes? Not sure how to best fix. Just having them like this makes
tests fail that rely on the real message processor when the feature is
enabled.
- [ ] Need a good weight for `MessageQueueServiceWeight`. The scheduler
already takes 80% so I put it to 10% but that is quite low.

TODO:
- [x] Remove c&p code after
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot/pull/6271
- [x] Use `HandleMessage` once it is public in Substrate
- [x] fix `runtime-benchmarks` feature
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot/pull/6966
- [x] Benchmarks
- [x] Tests
- [ ] Migrate `InboundXcmpStatus` to `InboundXcmpSuspended`
- [x] Possibly cleanup Migrations (DMP+XCMP)
- [x] optional: create `TransformProcessMessageOrigin` in Substrate and
replace `ProcessFromSibling`
- [ ] Rerun weights on ref HW

---------

Signed-off-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Liam Aharon <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: joe petrowski <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>

# Description
We derive few useful traits on `ErrorOrigin` and `ExecError`, including
`codec::Encode` and `codec::Decode`, so that `ExecResult` is
en/decodable as well. This is required for a contract mocking feature
(already prepared in drink:
https://github.com/Cardinal-Cryptography/drink/pull/61). In more detail:
`ExecResult` must be passed from runtime extension, through runtime
interface, back to the pallet, which requires that it is serializable to
bytes in some form (or implements some rare, auxiliary traits).

**Impact on runtime size**: Since most of these traits is used directly
in the pallet now, compiler should be able to throw it out (and thus we
bring no new overhead). However, they are very useful in secondary tools
like drink or other testing libraries.

# Checklist

- [x] My PR includes a detailed description as outlined in the
"Description" section above
- [ ] My PR follows the [labeling requirements](CONTRIBUTING.md#Process)
of this project (at minimum one label for `T`
  required)
- [x] I have made corresponding changes to the documentation (if
applicable)
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works (if applicable)

Fix for failed pipeline `test-doc`:
https://gitlab.parity.io/parity/mirrors/polkadot-sdk/-/jobs/4174859
I just wonder how could have other PR been merged after this was merged:
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/1714/files#diff-1bde7bb2be0165cbe6db391e10a4a0b2f333348681373a86a0f8502d14d20d32R56

Changes:
- Change the fungible(s) logic to treat a self-transfer as No-OP (as
long as all pre-checks pass).

Note that the self-transfer case will not emit an event since no state
was changed.

---------

Signed-off-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>

This is a port (and hopefully a small improvement) of @Kianenigma

's PR
from the old Substrate repo:
https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/pull/13987. Following #1689 I
moved the documentation of all macros relevant to this PR from
`frame_support_procedural` to `pallet_macros` while including a hint for
RA users.

Question: Again with respect to #1689: Is there a good reason why we
should *not* enhance paths with links to our current rustdocs? For
example, instead of
```rust
/// **Rust-Analyzer users**: See the documentation of the Rust item in
/// `frame_support::pallet_macros::storage`.
```
we could write
```rust
/// **Rust-Analyzer users**: See the documentation of the Rust item in
/// [`frame_support::pallet_macros::storage`](https://paritytech.github.io/polkadot-sdk/master/frame_support/pallet_macros/attr.storage.html).
```
This results in a clickable link like this:
<img width="674" alt="image"
src="https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/assets/10713977/c129e622-3942-4eeb-8acf-93ee4efdc99d">
I don't really expect the links to become outdated any time soon, but I
think this would be a great UX improvement over just having paths.

TODOs:
- [ ] Add documentation for `constant_name` macro
- [x] Add proper documentation for different `QueryKinds`, i.e.
`OptionQuery`, `ValueQuery`, `ResultQuery`. One example for each. Custom
`OnEmpty` should be moved to `QueryKinds` trait doc page.
- [ ] Rework `type_value` docs

---------

Co-authored-by: kianenigma <[email protected]>

helps https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/439.
closes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/473.

PR link in the older substrate repository:
https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/pull/13498.

# Context
Rewards payout is processed today in a single block and limited to
`MaxNominatorRewardedPerValidator`. This number is currently 512 on both
Kusama and Polkadot.

This PR tries to scale the nominators payout to an unlimited count in a
multi-block fashion. Exposures are stored in pages, with each page
capped to a certain number (`MaxExposurePageSize`). Starting out, this
number would be the same as `MaxNominatorRewardedPerValidator`, but
eventually, this number can be lowered through new runtime upgrades to
limit the rewardeable nominators per dispatched call instruction.

The changes in the PR are backward compatible.

## How payouts would work like after this change
Staking exposes two calls, 1) the existing `payout_stakers` and 2)
`payout_stakers_by_page`.

### payout_stakers
This remains backward compatible with no signature change. If for a
given era a validator has multiple pages, they can call `payout_stakers`
multiple times. The pages are executed in an ascending sequence and the
runtime takes care of preventing double claims.

### payout_stakers_by_page
Very similar to `payout_stakers` but also accepts an extra param
`page_index`. An account can choose to payout rewards only for an
explicitly passed `page_index`.

**Lets look at an example scenario**
Given an active validator on Kusama had 1100 nominators,
`MaxExposurePageSize` set to 512 for Era e. In order to pay out rewards
to all nominators, the caller would need to call `payout_stakers` 3
times.

- `payout_stakers(origin, stash, e)` => will pay the first 512
nominators.
- `payout_stakers(origin, stash, e)` => will pay the second set of 512
nominators.
- `payout_stakers(origin, stash, e)` => will pay the last set of 76
nominators.
...
- `payout_stakers(origin, stash, e)` => calling it the 4th time would
return an error `InvalidPage`.

The above calls can also be replaced by `payout_stakers_by_page` and
passing a `page_index` explicitly.

## Commission note
Validator commission is paid out in chunks across all the pages where
each commission chunk is proportional to the total stake of the current
page. This implies higher the total stake of a page, higher will be the
commission. If all the pages of a validator's single era are paid out,
the sum of commission paid to the validator across all pages should be
equal to what the commission would have been if we had a non-paged
exposure.

### Migration Note
Strictly speaking, we did not need to bump our storage version since
there is no migration of storage in this PR. But it is still useful to
mark a storage upgrade for the following reasons:

- New storage items are introduced in this PR while some older storage
items are deprecated.
- For the next `HistoryDepth` eras, the exposure would be incrementally
migrated to its corresponding paged storage item.
- Runtimes using staking pallet would strictly need to wait at least
`HistoryDepth` eras with current upgraded version (14) for the migration
to complete. At some era `E` such that `E >
era_at_which_V14_gets_into_effect + HistoryDepth`, we will upgrade to
version X which will remove the deprecated storage items.
In other words, it is a strict requirement that E<sub>x</sub> -
E<sub>14</sub> > `HistoryDepth`, where
E<sub>x</sub> = Era at which deprecated storages are removed from
runtime,
E<sub>14</sub> = Era at which runtime is upgraded to version 14.
- For Polkadot and Kusama, there is a [tracker
ticket](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/433) to clean
up the deprecated storage items.

### Storage Changes

#### Added
- ErasStakersOverview
- ClaimedRewards
- ErasStakersPaged

#### Deprecated
The following can be cleaned up after 84 eras which is tracked
[here](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/433).

- ErasStakers.
- ErasStakersClipped.
- StakingLedger.claimed_rewards, renamed to
StakingLedger.legacy_claimed_rewards.

### Config Changes
- Renamed MaxNominatorRewardedPerValidator to MaxExposurePageSize.

### TODO
- [x] Tracker ticket for cleaning up the old code after 84 eras.
- [x] Add companion.
- [x] Redo benchmarks before merge.
- [x] Add Changelog for pallet_staking.
- [x] Pallet should be configurable to enable/disable paged rewards.
- [x] Commission payouts are distributed across pages.
- [x] Review documentation thoroughly.
- [x] Rename `MaxNominatorRewardedPerValidator` ->
`MaxExposurePageSize`.
- [x] NMap for `ErasStakersPaged`.
- [x] Deprecate ErasStakers.
- [x] Integrity tests.

### Followup issues
[Runtime api for deprecated ErasStakers storage
item](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/426)

---------

Co-authored-by: Javier Viola <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Ross Bulat <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>

Co-authored-by: Sergejs Kostjucenko <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

# Description

The `trigger_defensive` call has been added to the `root-testing`
pallet. The idea is to have this pallet running on `Rococo/Westend` and
use it to verify if the runtime monitoring works end-to-end.

To accomplish this, `trigger_defensive` dispatches an event when it is
called.

Closes #1953

# Checklist

- [x] My PR includes a detailed description as outlined in the
"Description" section above
- [ ] My PR follows the [labeling requirements](CONTRIBUTING.md#Process)
of this project (at minimum one label for `T`
  required)
- [ ] I have made corresponding changes to the documentation (if
applicable)
- [ ] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works (if applicable)

You can remove the "Checklist" section once all have been checked. Thank
you for your contribution!

✄
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------

Signed-off-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>

Restore fix from #2077

This ensures that upgrading a parachain code sends the same event &
digest as when using `set_code` on a standalone chain.

Close: https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/2049

Partial https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/226

`frame/transaction-storage`: replace `Currency` with `fungible::*`
traits

---------

Signed-off-by: Adrian Catangiu <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: georgepisaltu <[email protected]>

Runtime migration CI is currently failing
(https://gitlab.parity.io/parity/mirrors/polkadot-sdk/builds/4122083)
for the contracts testnet due to unnecessary panicing in a `pre_upgrade`
hook.

Soon idempotency will be enforced
https://github.com/paritytech/try-runtime-cli/issues/42, in the mean
time we need to manually fix these issues as they arise.

---

also removes backticks from the string in `echo`, which caused a
'command not found' error in ci output

Closes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/1970

Follow up issue to tackle, once the erroneous double
incrementing/decrementing has stopped:
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/2037

Making some devex improvements as I audit our chains adherence to
try-state invariants, in preparation for automated try-state checks and
alerting.

Note to reviewer: while you're here, if you have time would be great to
get your eyes on https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/1297
also since it touches a similar file and I'd like to avoid merge
conflicts :P

## Devex Improvements

- Changes the log level of logs informing the user that try-state checks
are being run for a pallet from debug to info
- Improves how errors are communicated
- Errors are logged when they are encountered, rather than after
everything has been executed
- Exact pallet the error originated from is included with the error log
  - Clearly see all errors and how many there are, rather than only one
  - Closes #136 

### Example of new logs

<img width="1185" alt="Screenshot 2023-10-25 at 15 44 44"
src="https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/assets/16665596/b75588a2-1c64-45df-bbc8-bcb8bf8b0fe0">

### Same but with old logs (run with RUST_LOG=debug)

Notice only informed of one of the errors, and it's unclear which pallet
it originated

<img width="1185" alt="Screenshot 2023-10-25 at 15 39 01"
src="https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/assets/16665596/e3429cb1-489e-430a-9716-77c052e5dae6">
 

## Bug fix

When dry-running migrations and `checks.try_state()` is `true`, only run
`try_state` checks after migrations have been executed. Otherwise,
`try_state` checks that expect state to be in at a HIGHER storage
version than is on-chain could incorrectly fail.

---------

Co-authored-by: command-bot <>

Updates `docify` to 0.2.6, which fixes a bug that was preventing nesting
`#[docify::export]` within sub-items of items that already have
`#[docify::export]` attached to them from working properly.

Release notes here:
https://github.com/sam0x17/docify/releases/tag/v0.2.6

cc @ggwpez @Kianenigma

### Original PR https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/pull/14137

This PR brings in the first version of the "_`frame` umbrella crate_".
This crate is intended to serve two purposes:

1. documentation
2. easier development with frame. Ideally, we want most users to be able
to build a frame-based pallet and runtime using just `frame` (plus
`scale-codec` and `scale-info`).

The crate is not finalized and is not yet intended for external use.
Therefore, the version is set to `0.0.1-dev`, this PR is `silent`, and
the entire crate is hidden behind the `experimental` flag. The main
intention in merging it early on is to be able to iterate on it in the
rest of
[`developer-hub`](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk-docs/)
efforts.

The public API of the `frame` crate is at the moment as follows: 

```
pub mod frame
pub use frame::log
pub use frame::pallet
pub mod frame::arithmetic
pub use frame::arithmetic::<<sp_arithmetic::*>>
pub use frame::arithmetic::<<sp_arithmetic::traits::*>>
pub mod frame::deps
pub use frame::deps::codec
pub use frame::deps::frame_executive
pub use frame::deps::frame_support
pub use frame::deps::frame_system
pub use frame::deps::scale_info
pub use frame::deps::sp_api
pub use frame::deps::sp_arithmetic
pub use frame::deps::sp_block_builder
pub use frame::deps::sp_consensus_aura
pub use frame::deps::sp_consensus_grandpa
pub use frame::deps::sp_core
pub use frame::deps::sp_inherents
pub use frame::deps::sp_io
pub use frame::deps::sp_offchain
pub use frame::deps::sp_runtime
pub use frame::deps::sp_std
pub use frame::deps::sp_version
pub mod frame::derive
pub use frame::derive::CloneNoBound
pub use frame::derive::Debug
pub use frame::derive::Debug
pub use frame::derive::DebugNoBound
pub use frame::derive::Decode
pub use frame::derive::Decode
pub use frame::derive::DefaultNoBound
pub use frame::derive::Encode
pub use frame::derive::Encode
pub use frame::derive::EqNoBound
pub use frame::derive::PartialEqNoBound
pub use frame::derive::RuntimeDebug
pub use frame::derive::RuntimeDebugNoBound
pub use frame::derive::TypeInfo
pub use frame::derive::TypeInfo
pub mod frame::prelude
pub use frame::prelude::<<frame_support::pallet_prelude::*>>
pub use frame::prelude::<<frame_system::pallet_prelude::*>>
pub use frame::prelude::<<sp_std::prelude::*>>
pub use frame::prelude::CloneNoBound
pub use frame::prelude::Debug
pub use frame::prelude::Debug
pub use frame::prelude::DebugNoBound
pub use frame::prelude::Decode
pub use frame::prelude::Decode
pub use frame::prelude::DefaultNoBound
pub use frame::prelude::Encode
pub use frame::prelude::Encode
pub use frame::prelude::EqNoBound
pub use frame::prelude::PartialEqNoBound
pub use frame::prelude::RuntimeDebug
pub use frame::prelude::RuntimeDebugNoBound
pub use frame::prelude::TypeInfo
pub use frame::prelude::TypeInfo
pub use frame::prelude::frame_system
pub mod frame::primitives
pub use frame::primitives::BlakeTwo256
pub use frame::primitives::H160
pub use frame::primitives::H256
pub use frame::primitives::H512
pub use frame::primitives::Hash
pub use frame::primitives::Keccak256
pub use frame::primitives::U256
pub use frame::primitives::U512
pub mod frame::runtime
pub mod frame::runtime::apis
pub use frame::runtime::apis::<<frame_system_rpc_runtime_api::*>>
pub use frame::runtime::apis::<<sp_api::*>>
pub use frame::runtime::apis::<<sp_block_builder::*>>
pub use frame::runtime::apis::<<sp_consensus_aura::*>>
pub use frame::runtime::apis::<<sp_consensus_grandpa::*>>
pub use frame::runtime::apis::<<sp_offchain::*>>
pub use frame::runtime::apis::<<sp_session::runtime_api::*>>
pub use frame::runtime::apis::<<sp_transaction_pool::runtime_api::*>>
pub use frame::runtime::apis::ApplyExtrinsicResult
pub use frame::runtime::apis::CheckInherentsResult
pub use frame::runtime::apis::InherentData
pub use frame::runtime::apis::OpaqueMetadata
pub use frame::runtime::apis::impl_runtime_apis
pub use frame::runtime::apis::sp_api
pub mod frame::runtime::prelude
pub use frame::runtime::prelude::<<frame_executive::*>>
pub use frame::runtime::prelude::ConstBool
pub use frame::runtime::prelude::ConstI128
pub use frame::runtime::prelude::ConstI16
pub use frame::runtime::prelude::ConstI32
pub use frame::runtime::prelude::ConstI64
pub use frame::runtime::prelude::ConstI8
pub use frame::runtime::prelude::ConstU128
pub use frame::runtime::prelude::ConstU16
pub use frame::runtime::prelude::ConstU32
pub use frame::runtime::prelude::ConstU64
pub use frame::runtime::prelude::ConstU8
pub use frame::runtime::prelude::NativeVersion
pub use frame::runtime::prelude::RuntimeVersion
pub use frame::runtime::prelude::construct_runtime
pub use frame::runtime::prelude::create_runtime_str
pub use frame::runtime::prelude::derive_impl
pub use frame::runtime::prelude::frame_support
pub use frame::runtime::prelude::ord_parameter_types
pub use frame::runtime::prelude::parameter_types
pub use frame::runtime::prelude::runtime_version
pub mod frame::runtime::testing_prelude
pub use frame::runtime::testing_prelude::BuildStorage
pub use frame::runtime::testing_prelude::Storage
pub mod frame::runtime::types_common
pub type frame::runtime::types_common::AccountId = <<frame::runtime::types_common::Signature as sp_runtime::traits::Verify>::Signer as sp_runtime::traits::IdentifyAccount>::AccountId
pub type frame::runtime::types_common::BlockNumber = u32
pub type frame::runtime::types_common::BlockOf<T, Extra> = sp_runtime::generic::block::Block<sp_runtime::generic::header::Header<frame::runtime::types_common::BlockNumber, sp_runtime::traits::BlakeTwo256>, sp_runtime::generic::unchecked_extrinsic::UncheckedExtrinsic<sp_runtime::multiaddress::MultiAddress<frame::runtime::types_common::AccountId, ()>, <T as frame_system::pallet::Config>::RuntimeCall, frame::runtime::types_common::Signature, Extra>>
pub type frame::runtime::types_common::OpaqueBlock = sp_runtime::generic::block::Block<sp_runtime::generic::header::Header<frame::runtime::types_common::BlockNumber, sp_runtime::traits::BlakeTwo256>, sp_runtime::OpaqueExtrinsic>
pub type frame::runtime::types_common::Signature = sp_runtime::MultiSignature
pub type frame::runtime::types_common::SystemSignedExtensionsOf<T> = (frame_system::extensions::check_non_zero_sender::CheckNonZeroSender<T>, frame_system::extensions::check_spec_version::CheckSpecVersion<T>, frame_system::extensions::check_tx_version::CheckTxVersion<T>, frame_system::extensions::check_genesis::CheckGenesis<T>, frame_system::extensions::check_mortality::CheckMortality<T>, frame_system::extensions::check_nonce::CheckNonce<T>, frame_system::extensions::check_weight::CheckWeight<T>)
pub mod frame::testing_prelude
pub use frame::testing_prelude::<<frame_executive::*>>
pub use frame::testing_prelude::<<frame_system::mocking::*>>
pub use frame::testing_prelude::BuildStorage
pub use frame::testing_prelude::ConstBool
pub use frame::testing_prelude::ConstI128
pub use frame::testing_prelude::ConstI16
pub use frame::testing_prelude::ConstI32
pub use frame::testing_prelude::ConstI64
pub use frame::testing_prelude::ConstI8
pub use frame::testing_prelude::ConstU128
pub use frame::testing_prelude::ConstU16
pub use frame::testing_prelude::ConstU32
pub use frame::testing_prelude::ConstU64
pub use frame::testing_prelude::ConstU8
pub use frame::testing_prelude::NativeVersion
pub use frame::testing_prelude::RuntimeVersion
pub use frame::testing_prelude::Storage
pub use frame::testing_prelude::TestState
pub use frame::testing_prelude::assert_err
pub use frame::testing_prelude::assert_err_ignore_postinfo
pub use frame::testing_prelude::assert_error_encoded_size
pub use frame::testing_prelude::assert_noop
pub use frame::testing_prelude::assert_ok
pub use frame::testing_prelude::assert_storage_noop
pub use frame::testing_prelude::construct_runtime
pub use frame::testing_prelude::create_runtime_str
pub use frame::testing_prelude::derive_impl
pub use frame::testing_prelude::frame_support
pub use frame::testing_prelude::frame_system
pub use frame::testing_prelude::if_std
pub use frame::testing_prelude::ord_parameter_types
pub use frame::testing_prelude::parameter_types
pub use frame::testing_prelude::runtime_version
pub use frame::testing_prelude::storage_alias
pub mod frame::traits
pub use frame::traits::<<frame_support::traits::*>>
pub use frame::traits::<<sp_runtime::traits::*>>
```

---

The road to full stabilization is

- [ ] https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/127
- [ ] have a more intentional version bump, as opposed to the current bi
weekly force-major-bump
- [ ] revise the internal API of `frame`, especially what goes into the
`prelude`s.
- [ ] migrate all internal pallets and runtime to use `frame`

---------

Co-authored-by: kianenigma <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Francisco Aguirre <[email protected]>