* Fix output of wrongly outputted error

The "Tombstoned a contract that is below the subsistence threshold: {:?}" was
triggered when too few balance was provided. It was a false alarm.

* Fix return of wrong code_len

* Split up `NotCallable` into more fine grained errors

* Fix typos in docs

Co-authored-by: Keith Yeung <[email protected]>

* RentNotPayed -> RentNotPaid

* Fix typo: payed -> paid

It is OK to change the in-storage field name because:

1. The SCALE encoding is not based on names only on position.
2. The struct is not public (only to the crate).

Co-authored-by: Keith Yeung <[email protected]>

* Move public functions up in rent.rs

* Added RentStatus

* Fix test name for consistency

Co-authored-by: Michael Müller <[email protected]>

* Mark rent functions as unstable

* Add unstable interfaces to README

* Fix doc typos

Co-authored-by: Andrew Jones <[email protected]>

* Use DefaultNoBound

* Simplify calc_share(1)

* Don't output empty debug messages

* Make `seal_debug_message` unstable

Co-authored-by: Michael Müller <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Andrew Jones <[email protected]>

* Move `Schedule` from Storage to Config

* Updated CHANGELOG

* Fix nits from review

* Fix migration

* Print the debug buffer as tracing message

* Use `debug` instead of `trace` and update README

* Add additional assert to test

* Rename `schedule_version` to `instruction_weights_version`

* Fixed typo

* Added more comments to wat fixtures

* Add clarification for the `debug_message` field

* contracts: Add default implementation for Executable::occupied_storage()

* contracts: Refactor the exec module

* Let runtime specify the backing type of the call stack

This removes the need for a runtime check of the specified
`MaxDepth`. We can now garantuee that we don't need to
allocate when a new call frame is pushed.

* Fix doc typo

Co-authored-by: Guillaume Thiolliere <[email protected]>

* cargo run --release --features=runtime-benchmarks --manifest-path=bin/node/cli/Cargo.toml -- benchmark --chain=dev --steps=50 --repeat=20 --pallet=pallet_contracts --extrinsic=* --execution=wasm --wasm-execution=compiled --heap-pages=4096 --output=./frame/contracts/src/weights.rs --template=./.maintain/frame-weight-template.hbs

* Review nits

* Fix defect in contract info caching behaviour

* Add more docs

* Fix wording and typos

Co-authored-by: Guillaume Thiolliere <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Parity Benchmarking Bot <[email protected]>

* Update parity-wasm

* Cleanup Cargo.toml files

- Sort dependencies
- Remove minor and fix version where they are not necessary

* Update pretty_assertions

* Update rand

* contracts: Add RPC that allows instantiating of a contract

* Encode `debug_message` as bytes because usage of `String` is forbidden

* Remove erroneous derive attribute

* Fix rpc tests for new `debug_message` encoding

* Fix typo

Co-authored-by: Andrew Jones <[email protected]>

Co-authored-by: Andrew Jones <[email protected]>

* Add more asserts and debug_asserts

fixing #8106

* Remove assignments

* convert debug_assert to runtime assert

* contracts: Remove types and storage from the public interface

* contracts: Remove current_schedule() getter

* contracts: Improve documentation

* Update README.md

* Fix integration test

* Allow contract callable functions to specify the module

* Add new version of `seal_random`

* Fix overlong lines

* Fix benchmarking code

* Update README.md

* Replace Module by Pallet

* Use 'Pallet' struct in construct_runtime.

* Fix genesis and metadata macro.

* Fix 'Pallet' type alias.

* Replace 'Module' with 'Pallet' for all construct_runtime use cases.

* Replace more deprecated 'Module' struct.

* Bring back AllModules and AllPalletsWithSystem type, but deprecate them.

* Replace deprecated 'Module' struct from merge master.

* Minor fix.

* Fix UI tests.

* Revert UI override in derive_no_bound.

* Fix more deprecated 'Module' use from master branch.

* Fix more deprecated 'Module' use from master branch.

* contracts: Expose rent parameter to contracts

* cargo run --release --features=runtime-benchmarks --manifest-path=bin/node/cli/Cargo.toml -- benchmark --chain=dev --steps=50 --repeat=20 --pallet=pallet_contracts --extrinsic=* --execution=wasm --wasm-execution=compiled --heap-pages=4096 --output=./frame/contracts/src/weights.rs --template=./.maintain/frame-weight-template.hbs

* Fix typos

* Improve comments

* Add rent parameter weights

* Allow deploying a new schedule with the same version

* Add storage migration for new schedule

* Only decode the schedule version in storage migration

* Remove confusing docs

* Replace original_code_len() by aggregate_code_len()

Co-authored-by: Parity Benchmarking Bot <[email protected]>

* contracts: Use unstable sort for topics

* Add warning about non-determinism

* contracts: Convert to framev2

* Reduce the API surface of the crate

* Remove unused import

* Merge import block

* Use pallet::metadata to reduce metadata diff

* Remove the explicit "Null" from AccountCounter

* contracts: Consider contract size in weights

* Bump spec version

* Whitespace fix

Co-authored-by: Guillaume Thiolliere <[email protected]>

* Correct pre-charged code weight even in the error case

* Use the instrumented code size in weight calculation

* Charge the cost of re-instrumentation from the gas meter

* Fix benchmark

* cargo run --release --features=runtime-benchmarks --manifest-path=bin/node/cli/Cargo.toml -- benchmark --chain=dev --steps=50 --repeat=20 --pallet=pallet_contracts --extrinsic=* --execution=wasm --wasm-execution=compiled --heap-pages=4096 --output=./frame/contracts/src/weights.rs --template=./.maintain/frame-weight-template.hbs

* Better documentation of return types

Co-authored-by: Guillaume Thiolliere <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Parity Benchmarking Bot <[email protected]>

* contracts: Implement refcounting for wasm code

* contracts: Charge rent for code storage

* contracts: Fix dispatchables erroneously refunding base costs

* Fixed typos in comments.

Co-authored-by: Andrew Jones <[email protected]>

* Remove awkward empty line

* Fix more typos in docs

* Fix typos in docs

Co-authored-by: Andrew Jones <[email protected]>

* Split up complicated expression

Co-authored-by: Andrew Jones <[email protected]>

* review: Remove unused return value

* Fix typos

Co-authored-by: Andrew Jones <[email protected]>

* review: Fix refcount being reset to one on re-instrumentation

* Document evictable_code parameter

* Make Executable::execute consume and store itself

* Added comments about stale values

* Disregard struct size in occupied_storage()

Co-authored-by: Andrew Jones <[email protected]>

* contracts: Document seal_input

* contracts: Improve `ReturnCode` docs.

* contracts: Improve seal_restore_to docs

* review: Improved wording

* Prevent contracts from allocating a too large buffer

* Fix possible integer overflow

* Do not evict a contract from within a call stack

We don't want to trigger contract eviction automatically when
a contract is called. This is because those changes can be
reverted due to how storage transactions are used at the moment.
More Information:
https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/issues/6439#issuecomment-648754324

It can be re-introduced once the linked issue is resolved. In the meantime
`claim_surcharge` must be called to evict a contract.

* Lazily delete storage in on_initialize instead of when removing the contract

* Add missing documentation of new error

* Make Module::claim_surcharge public

It being the only dispatchable that is private is an oversight.

* review: Add final newline

* review: Simplify assert statement

* Add test that checks that partial remove of a contract works

* Premote warning to error

* Added missing docs for seal_terminate

* Lazy deletion should only take AVERAGE_ON_INITIALIZE_RATIO of the block

* Added informational about the lazy deletion throughput

* Avoid lazy deletion in case the block is already full

* Prevent queue decoding in case of an already full block

* Add test that checks that on_initialize honors block limits

* Make host functions return TrapReason

This avoids the need to manually store any trap reasons
to the `Runtime` from the host function. This adds the following
benefits:

* It properly composes with the upcoming chain extensions
* Missing to set a trap value is now a compile error

* Add chain extension

The chain extension is a way for the contract author to add new
host functions for contracts to call.

* Add tests for chain extensions

* Fix regression in set_rent.wat fixture

Not all offsets where properly updated when changing the fixtures
for the new salt on instantiate.

* Pre-charge a weight amount based off the specified length

* Improve fn write docs

* Renamed state to phantom

* Fix typo

* Happy new year

Updates the copyright years and fixes wrong license headers.

* Fix the template

* Split HEADER into HEADER-APACHE & HEADER-GPL

* Make host functions return TrapReason

This avoids the need to manually store any trap reasons
to the `Runtime` from the host function. This adds the following
benefits:

* It properly composes with the upcoming chain extensions
* Missing to set a trap value is now a compile error

* review: Remove superflous .into()

* rename Trait to Config

* add test asserting using Trait is still valid.

* fix ui tests

* pallet-contracts: Fix seal_restore_to to output proper module errors

Those errors where part of the decl_error for some time but where
never actually returned. This allows proper debugging of failed
restorations. Previously, any error did return the misleading
`ContractTrapped`.

* Bind UncheckedFrom<T::Hash> + AsRef<[u8]> everywhere

This allows us to make assumptions about the AccoutId
that are necessary for testing and in order to benchmark
the module properly.

This also groups free standing functions into inherent functions
in order to minimize the places where the new bounds need to
be specified.

* Rework contract address determination

* Do not allow override by runtime author
* Instantiate gained a new parameter "salt"

This change is done now in expecation of the upcoming code rent
which needs to change the instantiation dispatchable and
host function anyways.

The situation in where we have only something that is like CREATE2
makes it impossible for UIs to help the user to create an arbitrary
amount of instantiations from the same code.

With this change we have the same functionality as ethereum with
a CREATE and CREATE2 instantation semantic.

* Remove TrieIdGenerator

The new trait bounds allows us to remove this workaround
from the configuration trait.

* Remove default parameters for config trait

It should be solely the responsiblity to determine proper values for
these parameter. As a matter of fact most runtime weren't using these
values anyways.

* Fix tests for new account id type

Because of the new bounds on the trait tests can't get away by using
u64 as accound id. Replacing the 8 byte value by a 32 byte value
creates out quite a bit of code churn.

* Fix benchmarks

The benchmarks need adaption to the new instantiate semantics.

* Fix compile errors caused by adding new trait bounds
* Fix compile errors caused by renaming storage and rent functions
* Adapt host functions and dispatchables to the new salt
* Add tests for instantiate host functions (was not possible before)

* Add benchmark results

* Adapt to the new WeightInfo

The new benchmarks add a new parameter for salt "s" to the instantiate weights
that needs to be applied.

* Fix deploying_wasm_contract_should_work integration test

This test is adapted to use the new instantiate signature.

* Break overlong line

* Break more long lines

Co-authored-by: Parity Benchmarking Bot <[email protected]>

* pallet_contracts: Inline benchmark helper that is only used once

* Move all max_* Schedule items into a new struct

* Limit the number of globals a module can declare

* The current limits are too high for wasmi to even execute

* Limit the amount of parameters any wasm function is allowed to have

* Limit the size the BrTable's immediate value

* Add instruction benchmarks

* Add new benchmarks to the schedule and make use of it

* Add Benchmark Results generated by the bench bot

* Add proc macro that implements `Debug` for `Schedule`

* Add missing imports necessary for no_std build

* Make the WeightDebug macro available for no_std

In this case a dummy implementation is derived in order to not
blow up the code size akin to the RuntimeDebug macro.

* Rework instr_memory_grow benchmark to use only the maximum amount of pages allowed

* Add maximum amount of memory when benching (seal_)call/instantiate

* cargo run --release --features runtime-benchmarks --manifest-path bin/node/cli/Cargo.toml -- benchmark --chain dev --steps 50 --repeat 20 --extrinsic * --execution=wasm --wasm-execution=compiled --heap-pages=4096 --output ./bin/node/runtime/src/weights --header ./HEADER --pallet pallet_contracts

* Added utility benchmark that allows pretty printing of the real schedule

* review: Add missing header to the proc-macro lib.rs

* review: Clarify why #[allow(dead_code)] attribute is there

* review: Fix pwasm-utils line

* review: Fixup rand usage

* review: Fix typo

* review: Imported -> Exported

* cargo run --release --features=runtime-benchmarks --manifest-path=bin/node/cli/Cargo.toml -- benchmark --chain=dev --steps=50 --repeat=20 --pallet=pallet_contracts --extrinsic=* --execution=wasm --wasm-execution=compiled --heap-pages=4096 --output=./frame/contracts/src/weights.rs --template=./.maintain/frame-weight-template.hbs

* contracts: Adapt to new weight structure

* contracts: Fixup runtime WeightInfo

* contracts: Remove unneeded fullpath of WeightInfo type

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Andrew Jones <[email protected]>

* Fix typo in schedule.rs

Co-authored-by: Andrew Jones <[email protected]>

* Fix docs in schedule.rs

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Nikolay Volf <[email protected]>

* Don't publish proc-macro crate until 3.0.0 is ready

* Optimize imports for less repetition

* Break overlong line

Co-authored-by: Parity Benchmarking Bot <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Andrew Jones <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Nikolay Volf <[email protected]>

* contracts: Make use of existing type aliases for runtime API types

* contracts: Refactor the contracts call runtime API

* review: Fix comment typo

Co-authored-by: Andrew Jones <[email protected]>

* Update frame/contracts/common/src/lib.rs

Co-authored-by: Nikolay Volf <[email protected]>

* Update frame/contracts/common/src/lib.rs

Co-authored-by: Nikolay Volf <[email protected]>

* Update frame/contracts/common/src/lib.rs

Co-authored-by: Nikolay Volf <[email protected]>

* Update frame/contracts/common/src/lib.rs

Co-authored-by: Nikolay Volf <[email protected]>

* Update frame/contracts/common/src/lib.rs

Co-authored-by: Nikolay Volf <[email protected]>

* Update lib.rs

* review: Group crate imports

Co-authored-by: Andrew Jones <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Addie Wagenknecht <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Nikolay Volf <[email protected]>

* Try to get it compiling

* One more

* Make stable happy

* Make stable even more happy ;)

* Update shell.nix

* seal: Add capability to put uninstrumented code (for benchmarks)

Benchmarks should only measure the overhead of the API calls itself.
For that reason we want to run them without instrumentation.

* seal: Cap the the data length for deposited events

Data used in events has storage implications for archive nodes.
Those need to keep the events in storage forever. For that reason
we want to limit the amount of storage that can be used inside events.

* seal: Fix error reporting in the case out of bound sandbox access

* seal: Refactor existing benchmarks

* seal: Convert benchmark file to tabs

* seal: Add benchmarks for functions called by contracts

* seal: Create a default schedule from benchmark generated WeightInfo

* seal: Make use of WeightInfo in extrinsic weight annotations

* seal: Replace the old schedule by the benchmark generated one

* Review: Fix copy paste typo in schedule construction

* Review: Fix stale docs

* Fix whitespace errors

Co-authored-by: Sergei Shulepov <[email protected]>

* Review: Use checked_div in order to be more defensive

* Review: Rename no_charge to already_charged

* Review: Whitelist caller of extrinsics

* Review: Remove trailing whitespace

* Review: Remove confusing "self::" syntax

* Review: Add docs for the benchmark prepration submodule

* Review: Move code generation functions to own module

* Review: Refactor and document benchmark helper functions

* Remove additional empty line

* Added missing comment on caller_funding

* Update frame/contracts/src/benchmarking/code.rs

Co-authored-by: Sergei Shulepov <[email protected]>

* Fix missing sp_std::prelude import in code.rs

* cargo run --release --features runtime-benchmarks --manifest-path bin/node/cli/Cargo.toml -- benchmark --chain dev --steps 50 --repeat 20 --extrinsic * --execution=wasm --wasm-execution=compiled --output ./bin/node/runtime/src/weights --header ./HEADER --pallet pallet_contracts --heap-pages 4096

* Use weights from the benchmark machine for the substrate node

* Remove prefixes from Schedule members

* Data lengths in the WeightInfo Trait are specified in kilobytes

* Rename ApiWeights to HostFunctionWeights

Co-authored-by: Sergei Shulepov <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Shawn Tabrizi <[email protected]>

* seal: Change prefix "ext_" to "seal_" for contract callable functions

The word Ext is a overloaded term in the context of substrate. It usually
is a trait which abstracts away access to external resources usually in order
to mock them away for the purpose of tests. The contract module has its own
`Ext` trait in addition the the substrate `Ext` which makes things even more
confusing.

In order to differentiate the contract callable functions more clearly from
this `Ext` concept we rename them to use the "seal_" prefix instead.

This should change no behaviour at all. This is a pure renaming commit.

* seal: Rename import module from "env" to "seal0"

* seal: Fixup integration test

* seal: Add more tests for new import module names

* seal: Rework ext_transfer, ext_instantiate, ext_call error handling

* Deny calling plain accounts (must use transfer now)
* Return proper module error rather than ad-hoc strings
* Return the correct error codes from call,instantiate (documentation was wrong)
* Make ext_transfer fallible again to make it consistent with ext_call

* seal: Improve error messages on memory access failures

* seal: Convert contract trapped to module error

* seal: Add additional tests for transfer, call, instantiate

These tests verify that those functions return the error types
which are declared in its docs.

* Make it more pronounced that to_execution_result handles trap_reason

* Improve ReturnCode docs

* Fix whitespace issues in wat files

* Improve ReturnCode doc

* Improve ErrorOrigin doc and variant naming

* Improve docs on ExecResult and ExecError

* Encode u32 sentinel value as hex

* with_nested_context no longer accepts an Option for trie

* Fix successful typo

* Rename InvalidContractCalled to NotCallable

* seal: Fix syntax that confuses rust-analyzer

* seal: Add benchmarks for Dispatchables

These are only the benchmarks for the dispatchables of
the pallet. Those are not listed in the Schedule because
we do not want to pull the Schedule from storage before
dispatching.

This OK because those costs are not related to actual contract
execution. Those costs (instruction costs, ext_* costs) will
be benchmarked seperatly and entered into the default Schedule.

* seal: Add a maximum code size

* Fix comments from review

* Removed SEED constant

* seal: Fail instantiate if new contract is below subsistence threshold

We need each contract that exists to be above the subsistence threshold
in order to keep up the guarantuee that we always leave a tombstone behind
with the exception of a contract that called `ext_terminate`.

* Fixup executor test

* Bump runtime

* seal: Do not allow transfers to bring total balance below subsistence deposit

This also reworks the rent system to take the total balance into account
when evaluating whether the account is above the subsistence deposit.

* Fix nits from review

* Fix typo

* Do not enforce subsistence when called from EOA

* Rename CallOrigin to TransactorKind

* Add debug asserts to check the invariants of a plain account transactor

* Fix typo

Co-authored-by: Sergei Shulepov <[email protected]>

Co-authored-by: Sergei Shulepov <[email protected]>

* Transition getter functions to not use scratch buffer

* Remove scratch buffer from ext_get_storage

* Remove scratch buffer from ext_call

* Remove scratch buffer from ext_instantiate

* Add ext_input and remove scratch buffer

* Rework error handling (changes RPC exposed data)

* ext_return passes a flags field instead of a return code
	* Flags is only for seal and not for the caller
	* flags: u32 replaced status_code: u8 in RPC exposed type
* API functions use a unified error type (ReturnCode)
* ext_transfer now traps on error to be consistent with call and instantiate

* Remove the no longer used `Dispatched` event

* Updated inline documentation

* Prevent skipping of copying the output for getter API

* Return gas_consumed from the RPC contracts call interface

* Updated COMPLEXTITY.md

* Rename ext_gas_price to ext_weight_to_fee

* Align comments with spaces

* Removed no longer used `ExecError`

* Remove possible panic in `from_typed_value`

* Use a struct as associated data for SpecialTrap::Return

* Fix nits in COMPLEXITY.md

* Renamed SpecialTrap to TrapReason

* Fix test

* Finish renaming special_trap -> trap_reason

* Remove no longer used get_runtime_storage

* fixup! Remove no longer used get_runtime_storage

* Removed tabs for comment aligment