Hello
I found several spelling errors.
Br, Elias.

Bumps the known_good_semver group with 2 updates in the / directory:
[serde](https://github.com/serde-rs/serde) and
[serde_json](https://github.com/serde-rs/json).

Updates `serde` from 1.0.204 to 1.0.206
<details>
<summary>Release notes</summary>
<p><em>Sourced from <a
href="https://github.com/serde-rs/serde/releases">serde's
releases</a>.</em></p>
<blockquote>
<h2>v1.0.206</h2>
<ul>
<li>Improve support for <code>flatten</code> attribute inside of enums
(<a
href="https://redirect.github.com/serde-rs/serde/issues/2567">#2567</a>,
thanks <a
href="https://github.com/Mingun"><code>@​Mingun</code></a>)</li>
</ul>
<h2>v1.0.205</h2>
<ul>
<li>Use serialize_entry instead of serialize_key + serialize_value when
serialize flattened newtype enum variants (<a
href="https://redirect.github.com/serde-rs/serde/issues/2785">#2785</a>,
thanks <a
href="https://github.com/Mingun"><code>@​Mingun</code></a>)</li>
<li>Avoid triggering a collection_is_never_read lint in the
deserialization of enums containing flattened fields (<a
href="https://redirect.github.com/serde-rs/serde/issues/2791">#2791</a>)</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</details>
<details>
<summary>Commits</summary>
<ul>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/serde-rs/serde/commit/85c73ef8dea8966d88a03876e6f0dc9359e68cc9"><code>85c73ef</code></a>
Release 1.0.206</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/serde-rs/serde/commit/5ba1796a7e639839d4e18c3ae23b9bb32b0700b5"><code>5ba1796</code></a>
Resolve doc_markdown pedantic lint on regression test function</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/serde-rs/serde/commit/e52b7b380f88e0112c9f84e6258bdd34ad132352"><code>e52b7b3</code></a>
Touch up PR 2567</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/serde-rs/serde/commit/84c7419652161bf88f88eb26302b26debfff8a8c"><code>84c7419</code></a>
Merge pull request <a
href="https://redirect.github.com/serde-rs/serde/issues/2794">#2794</a>
from dtolnay/neverread</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/serde-rs/serde/commit/536221b1f93a5dcf97352c7d1e3b93a5a56bf747"><code>536221b</code></a>
Temporarily ignore collection_is_never_read on
FlattenSkipDeserializing</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/serde-rs/serde/commit/fc55ac70d34221b38672b1583e496011fbae92aa"><code>fc55ac7</code></a>
Merge pull request <a
href="https://redirect.github.com/serde-rs/serde/issues/2567">#2567</a>
from Mingun/fix-2565</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/serde-rs/serde/commit/2afe5b4ef9d0e89587ec564eadbc7583fd1f0673"><code>2afe5b4</code></a>
Add regression test for issue <a
href="https://redirect.github.com/serde-rs/serde/issues/2792">#2792</a></li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/serde-rs/serde/commit/b4ec2595c9dd8e380227043eba42ff85beb780c2"><code>b4ec259</code></a>
Correctly process flatten fields in enum variants</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/serde-rs/serde/commit/c3ac7b675a38a73170879992976acb0009834ac0"><code>c3ac7b6</code></a>
Add regression test for issue <a
href="https://redirect.github.com/serde-rs/serde/issues/1904">#1904</a></li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/serde-rs/serde/commit/24614e44bff5466057e46c55394bac3ae20142c4"><code>24614e4</code></a>
Add regression test for issue <a
href="https://redirect.github.com/serde-rs/serde/issues/2565">#2565</a></li>
<li>Additional commits viewable in <a
href="https://github.com/serde-rs/serde/compare/v1.0.204...v1.0.206">compare
view</a></li>
</ul>
</details>
<br />

Updates `serde_derive` from 1.0.204 to 1.0.206
<details>
<summary>Release notes</summary>
<p><em>Sourced from <a
href="https://github.com/serde-rs/serde/releases">serde_derive's
releases</a>.</em></p>
<blockquote>
<h2>v1.0.206</h2>
<ul>
<li>Improve support for <code>flatten</code> attribute inside of enums
(<a
href="https://redirect.github.com/serde-rs/serde/issues/2567">#2567</a>,
thanks <a
href="https://github.com/Mingun"><code>@​Mingun</code></a>)</li>
</ul>
<h2>v1.0.205</h2>
<ul>
<li>Use serialize_entry instead of serialize_key + serialize_value when
serialize flattened newtype enum variants (<a
href="https://redirect.github.com/serde-rs/serde/issues/2785">#2785</a>,
thanks <a
href="https://github.com/Mingun"><code>@​Mingun</code></a>)</li>
<li>Avoid triggering a collection_is_never_read lint in the
deserialization of enums containing flattened fields (<a
href="https://redirect.github.com/serde-rs/serde/issues/2791">#2791</a>)</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</details>
<details>
<summary>Commits</summary>
<ul>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/serde-rs/serde/commit/85c73ef8dea8966d88a03876e6f0dc9359e68cc9"><code>85c73ef</code></a>
Release 1.0.206</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/serde-rs/serde/commit/5ba1796a7e639839d4e18c3ae23b9bb32b0700b5"><code>5ba1796</code></a>
Resolve doc_markdown pedantic lint on regression test function</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/serde-rs/serde/commit/e52b7b380f88e0112c9f84e6258bdd34ad132352"><code>e52b7b3</code></a>
Touch up PR 2567</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/serde-rs/serde/commit/84c7419652161bf88f88eb26302b26debfff8a8c"><code>84c7419</code></a>
Merge pull request <a
href="https://redirect.github.com/serde-rs/serde/issues/2794">#2794</a>
from dtolnay/neverread</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/serde-rs/serde/commit/536221b1f93a5dcf97352c7d1e3b93a5a56bf747"><code>536221b</code></a>
Temporarily ignore collection_is_never_read on
FlattenSkipDeserializing</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/serde-rs/serde/commit/fc55ac70d34221b38672b1583e496011fbae92aa"><code>fc55ac7</code></a>
Merge pull request <a
href="https://redirect.github.com/serde-rs/serde/issues/2567">#2567</a>
from Mingun/fix-2565</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/serde-rs/serde/commit/2afe5b4ef9d0e89587ec564eadbc7583fd1f0673"><code>2afe5b4</code></a>
Add regression test for issue <a
href="https://redirect.github.com/serde-rs/serde/issues/2792">#2792</a></li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/serde-rs/serde/commit/b4ec2595c9dd8e380227043eba42ff85beb780c2"><code>b4ec259</code></a>
Correctly process flatten fields in enum variants</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/serde-rs/serde/commit/c3ac7b675a38a73170879992976acb0009834ac0"><code>c3ac7b6</code></a>
Add regression test for issue <a
href="https://redirect.github.com/serde-rs/serde/issues/1904">#1904</a></li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/serde-rs/serde/commit/24614e44bff5466057e46c55394bac3ae20142c4"><code>24614e4</code></a>
Add regression test for issue <a
href="https://redirect.github.com/serde-rs/serde/issues/2565">#2565</a></li>
<li>Additional commits viewable in <a
href="https://github.com/serde-rs/serde/compare/v1.0.204...v1.0.206">compare
view</a></li>
</ul>
</details>
<br />

Updates `serde_json` from 1.0.121 to 1.0.124
<details>
<summary>Release notes</summary>
<p><em>Sourced from <a
href="https://github.com/serde-rs/json/releases">serde_json's
releases</a>.</em></p>
<blockquote>
<h2>v1.0.124</h2>
<ul>
<li>Fix a bug in processing string escapes in big-endian architectures
(<a
href="https://redirect.github.com/serde-rs/json/issues/1173">#1173</a>,
thanks <a
href="https://github.com/purplesyringa"><code>@​purplesyringa</code></a>)</li>
</ul>
<h2>v1.0.123</h2>
<ul>
<li>Optimize string parsing by applying SIMD-within-a-register: 30.3%
improvement on <a
href="https://github.com/miloyip/nativejson-benchmark/blob/v1.0.0/data/twitter.json">twitter.json</a>
from 613 MB/s to 799 MB/s (<a
href="https://redirect.github.com/serde-rs/json/issues/1161">#1161</a>,
thanks <a
href="https://github.com/purplesyringa"><code>@​purplesyringa</code></a>)</li>
</ul>
<h2>v1.0.122</h2>
<ul>
<li>Support using <code>json!</code> in no-std crates (<a
href="https://redirect.github.com/serde-rs/json/issues/1166">#1166</a>)</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</details>
<details>
<summary>Commits</summary>
<ul>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/serde-rs/json/commit/cf771a0471dd797b6fead77e767f2f7943740c98"><code>cf771a0</code></a>
Release 1.0.124</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/serde-rs/json/commit/8b314a77bf57ad8d6089536fea1b3c3b303cba92"><code>8b314a7</code></a>
Merge pull request <a
href="https://redirect.github.com/serde-rs/json/issues/1173">#1173</a>
from iex-rs/fix-big-endian</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/serde-rs/json/commit/8eba7863b126584f4b9a5b1d3cc4cbc0d0f59976"><code>8eba786</code></a>
Fix skip_to_escape on BE architectures</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/serde-rs/json/commit/2cab07e68607ab0e11c3a8b0461a472c37886210"><code>2cab07e</code></a>
Release 1.0.123</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/serde-rs/json/commit/346189a524694b98b92ccccb07775868d34b144c"><code>346189a</code></a>
Fix needless_borrow clippy lint in new control character test</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/serde-rs/json/commit/859ead8e6d60f4eaed97f7ac2b18f879bec5afe5"><code>859ead8</code></a>
Merge pull request <a
href="https://redirect.github.com/serde-rs/json/issues/1161">#1161</a>
from iex-rs/vectorized-string-parsing</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/serde-rs/json/commit/e43da5ee0e64819972f08254e8ce799796238791"><code>e43da5e</code></a>
Immediately bail-out on empty strings</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/serde-rs/json/commit/8389d8a11293616ce5a4358651aede271871248d"><code>8389d8a</code></a>
Don't run the slow algorithm from the beginning</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/serde-rs/json/commit/1f0dcf791ab1756d7ad07c20889e50bd9a7887fb"><code>1f0dcf7</code></a>
Allow clippy::items_after_statements</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/serde-rs/json/commit/a95d6df9d08611c9a11ac6524903d693921b8eae"><code>a95d6df</code></a>
Big endian support</li>
<li>Additional commits viewable in <a
href="https://github.com/serde-rs/json/compare/v1.0.121...v1.0.124">compare
view</a></li>
</ul>
</details>
<br />


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</details>

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <git@kchr.de>

This crate only uses `tempfile` on linux but includes it unconditionally
in its `Cargo.toml`. It also sets `#![deny(unused_crate_dependencies)]`.
This leads to an hard error to anything that is not Linux.

This PR fixes this error. I am wondering why CI didn't catch that.
Shouldn't the test at least be compiled (but not run) on macOS?

Paused the action which comments on every command starting with `bot `
until we can fix all the commands which are not working.

Trivial leftover from
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/4844

Co-authored-by: Adrian Catangiu <adrian@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <git@kchr.de>

Added minor clarification on the genesis config patch
([link](https://substrate.stackexchange.com/questions/11813/in-the-genesis-config-what-does-the-patch-key-do/11825#11825))

---------

Co-authored-by: command-bot <>

Fixes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/5258

The polkadot.network website was recently refreshed and the
`favicon-32x32.png` was removed. It was linked in some docs and so the
docs have been updated to point to a working favicon on the new website.

Previously the lychee link checker was failing on all PRs.

Closes #4242

XCM programs that deposit assets to some new (empty) account will now
succeed if at least one of the deposited assets satisfies ED. Before
this change, the requirement was that the _first_ asset had to satisfy
ED, but assets order can be changed during reanchoring so it is not
reliable.

With this PR, ordering doesn't matter, any one(s) of them can satisfy ED
for the whole deposit to work.

Kusama address: FkB6QEo8VnV3oifugNj5NeVG3Mvq1zFbrUu4P5YwRoe5mQN

---------

Co-authored-by: Adrian Catangiu <adrian@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: Francisco Aguirre <franciscoaguirreperez@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>

Resolves https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/4800

# Problem
In https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/4035, we removed
support for parachain forks and cycles and added support for backing
unconnected candidates (candidates for which we don't yet know the full
path to the latest included block), which is useful for elastic scaling
(parachains using multiple cores).

Removing support for backing forks turned out to be a bad idea, as there
are legitimate cases for a parachain to fork (if they have other
consensus mechanism for example, like BABE or PoW). This leads to
validators getting lower backing rewards (depending on whether they back
the winning fork or not) and a higher pressure on only the half of the
backing group (during availability-distribution for example). Since we
don't yet have approval voting rewards, backing rewards are a pretty big
deal (which may change in the future).

# Description

A backing group is now allowed to back forks. Once a candidate becomes
backed (has the minimum backing votes), we don't accept new forks unless
they adhere to the new fork selection rule (have a lower candidate
hash).
This helps with keeping the implementation simpler, since forks will
only be taken into account for candidates which are not backed yet (only
seconded).
Having this fork selection rule also helps with reducing the work
backing validators need to do, since they have a shared way of picking
the winning fork. Once they see a candidate backed, they can all decide
to back a fork and not accept new ones.
But they still accept new ones during the seconding phase (until the
backing quorum is reached).

Therefore, a block author which is not part of the backing group will
likely not even see the forks (only the winning one).

Just as before, a parachain producing forks will still not be able to
leverage elastic scaling but will still work with a single core. Also,
cycles are still not accepted.

## Some implementation details

`CandidateStorage` is no longer a subsystem-wide construct. It was
previously holding candidates from all relay chain forks and complicated
the code. Each fragment chain now holds their candidate chain and their
potential candidates. This should not increase the storage consumption
since the heavy candidate data is already wrapped in an Arc and shared.
It however allows for great simplifications and increase readability.

`FragmentChain`s are now only creating a chain with backed candidates
and the fork selection rule. As said before, `FragmentChain`s are now
also responsible for maintaining their own potential candidate storage.

Since we no longer have the subsytem-wide `CandidateStorage`, when
getting a new leaf update, we use the storage of our latest ancestor,
which may contain candidates seconded/backed that are still in scope.

When a candidate is backed, the fragment chains which hold it are
recreated (due to the fork selection rule, it could trigger a "reorg" of
the fragment chain).

I generally tried to simplify the subsystem and not introduce
unneccessary optimisations that would otherwise complicate the code and
not gain us much (fragment chains wouldn't realistically ever hold many
candidates)

TODO:
- [x] update metrics
- [x] update docs and comments
- [x] fix and add unit tests
- [x] tested with fork-producing parachain
- [x] tested with cycle-producing parachain
- [x] versi test
- [x] prdoc

Corrects the issue we had
[here](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk-parachain-template/pull/10),
in which `cargo build --release` worked but `cargo build --package
parachain-template-node --release` failed with missing features.

The command has been added to CI to make sure it works, but at the same
we're changing it in the readme to just `cargo build --release` for
simplification.

Labeling silent because those packages are un-published as part of the
regular release process.

---------

Signed-off-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <oliver.tale-yazdi@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: Shawn Tabrizi <shawntabrizi@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <oliver.tale-yazdi@parity.io>

Closes #5071 

This PR aims to
* Move all the blocking decompression from the candidate validation
subsystem to the PVF host workers;
* Run the candidate validation subsystem on the non-blocking pool again.

Upsides: no blocking operations in the subsystem's main loop. PVF
throughput is not limited by the ability of the subsystem to decompress
a lot of stuff. Correctness and homogeneity improve, as the artifact
used to be identified by the hash of decompressed code, and now they are
identified by the hash of compressed code, which coincides with the
on-chain `ValidationCodeHash`.

Downsides: the PVF code decompression is now accounted for in the PVF
preparation timeout (be it pre-checking or actual preparation). Taking
into account that the decompression duration is on the order of
milliseconds, and the preparation timeout is on the order of seconds, I
believe it is negligible.

Fixes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/5296

The code do reduce or increase the weight by comparing
`benchmarked_weight` and `consumed_weight`.

But `benchmarked_weight` is the pre dispatch weight. not the post
dispatch weight that is actually written into the block weight by
`CheckWeight`.

So in case the consumed weight was: `pre dispatch weight > consumed
weight > post dispatch weight` then the reclaim code was reducing the
block weight instead of increasing it.

Might explain this issue even better
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/5229

@skunert 
@s0me0ne-unkn0wn

Closes https://github.com/paritytech/ci_cd/issues/1012

In the real world, not all assets are sufficient. This aligns our
emulated networks to that reality. Only DOT and USDT are sufficient "by
default".

Updating the BHR and BHW runtime versions as a result of the changes in
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/5074/

Despite what we had in the [original
request](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3155#issuecomment-1979037109),
I'm proposing a change to open a PR to the destination template
repositories instead of pushing the code.

This will give it a chance to run through the destination CI before
making changes, and to set stricter branch protection in the destination
repos.

This PR adds the possibility to set the docker stable release tag as an
input parameter to the produced docker images, so that it matches with
the release version

PR adds github-action for jobs test-linux-stable-oldkernel.
PR waits the latest release of forklift.

cc https://github.com/paritytech/ci_cd/issues/939
cc https://github.com/paritytech/ci_cd/issues/1006

---------

Co-authored-by: Maksym H <1177472+mordamax@users.noreply.github.com>

https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/4527/files#r1706673828

- Part of https://github.com/paritytech/ci_cd/issues/1006
- Closes: https://github.com/paritytech/ci_cd/issues/1010
- Related: https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/4405

- Possibly affecting how frame-omni-bencher works on different runtimes:
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/5083

Currently works in parallel with gitlab short benchmarks. 
Triggered only by adding `GHA-migration` label to assure smooth
transition (kind of feature-flag).
Later when tested on random PRs we'll remove the gitlab and turn on by
default these tests

---------

Co-authored-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <oliver.tale-yazdi@parity.io>

Uses custom metadata to exclude chain-specific crates.  
The only concern is that devs who want to use chain-specific crates,
still need to select matching versions numbers. Could possibly be
addresses with chain-specific umbrella crates, but currently it should
be possible to use [psvm](https://github.com/paritytech/psvm).

---------

Signed-off-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <oliver.tale-yazdi@parity.io>

Since `May 2023` after
https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/pull/13548 optimization,
`Blake2256` is faster with about 30%, that means that there is a
difference of ~30% between the benchmark values we ask validators to run
against and the machine we use for generating the weights.So if all
validators, just barely pass the benchmarks our weights are potentially
underestimated with about ~20%, so let's bring this two in sync.

Same thing happened when we merged
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/2524 in `Nov 2023`
SR25519-Verify became faster with about 10-15%

## Results

Generated on machine from here:
https://github.com/paritytech/devops/pull/3210
```
+----------+----------------+--------------+-------------+-------------------+
| Category | Function       | Score        | Minimum     | Result            |
+============================================================================+
| CPU      | BLAKE2-256     | 1...

### Context

Since Rococo is now deprecated, we need another testnet to detect
bleeding-edge changes to Substrate, Polkadot, & BEEFY consensus
protocols that could brick the bridge.

It's the mirror PR of https://github.com/Snowfork/polkadot-sdk/pull/157
which has reviewed by Snowbridge team internally.

Synced with @acatangiu

 about that in channel
https://matrix.to/#/!gxqZwOyvhLstCgPJHO:matrix.parity.io/$N0CvTfDSl3cOQLEJeZBh-wlKJUXx7EDHAuNN5HuYHY4?via=matrix.parity.io&via=parity.io&via=matrix.org

---------

Co-authored-by: Clara van Staden <claravanstaden64@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <oliver.tale-yazdi@parity.io>

Follow-up to https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/4457, looks
like more things were missing

---------

Co-authored-by: Niklas Adolfsson <niklasadolfsson1@gmail.com>

Addresses
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/5085#issuecomment-2265725858

Luckily, in the rest of the script, github API allows (or forces?) us to
read the state of PRs the same way as we read the state of issues, so it
works without any more changes.

This PR shows a warning when the `--public-addr` is not provided for
validators.

In the future, we'll transform this warning into a hard failure.
Validators are encouraged to provide this parameter for better
availability over the network.

cc @paritytech/networking

---------

Signed-off-by: Alexandru Vasile <alexandru.vasile@parity.io>

I propose to have `ProofSizeExt` available during benchmarking so we can
improve the accuracy for extensions using it.

Another thing we could do is to also enable recording for the timing
benchmark here:

https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/blob/035211d7/substrate/utils/frame/benchmarking-cli/src/pallet/command.rs#L232

Parachains will need to have recording enabled during import for
reclaim, so we could enable it here and provide a flag
`--disable-proof-recording` for scenarios where one does not want it.
Happy to hear opinions about this.

Closes #4517

Polkadot address: 12gMhxHw8QjEwLQvnqsmMVY1z5gFa54vND74aMUbhhwN6mJR

---------

Co-authored-by: joe petrowski <25483142+joepetrowski@users.noreply.github.com>

Test currently failing, therefore improving to include a file from the
same crate to not trip up the caching.

R0 silent since this is only modifying unpublished crates.

---------

Signed-off-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <oliver.tale-yazdi@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: Dónal Murray <donal.murray@parity.io>

[pallet_contracts] Increase the weight of the deposit_event host function to limit the memory used by events. (#4973)

This PR updates the weight of the `deposit_event` host function by
adding
a fixed ref_time of 60,000 picoseconds per byte. Given a block time of 2
seconds
and this specified ref_time, the total allocation size is 32MB.

---------

Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <alex.theissen@me.com>

This Workflow is not supposed to run in the paritytech/polkadot-sdk
repo. This Workflow is supposed to run only in the forks of the repo, in
`paritytech-release/polkadot-sdk` specifically, to automatically
maintain the critical fork synced with the upstream. This Workflow
should be always disabled in the paritytech/polkadot-sdk repo.

- Progresses https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/5226

There is no actual `try-runtime` or `runtime-benchmarks` functionality
in the minimal template at the moment.

The errors on polkadot-parachain are not printed with their full display
context(what is marked with `#[error(`) because main returns plain
Result and the error will be shown in its Debug format, that's not
consistent with how the polkadot binary behave and is not user friendly
since it does not tell them why they got the error.

Fix it by using `color_eyre` as polkadot already does it. 

Fixes: https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/5211

## Output before
```
Error: NetworkKeyNotFound("/acala/data/Collator2/chains/mandala-tc9/network/secret_ed25519")
```

## Output after
```
Error: 
   0: Starting an authorithy without network key in /home/alexggh/.local/share/polkadot-parachain/chains/asset-hub-kusama/network/secret_ed25519.
      
       This is not a safe operation because other authorities in the network may depend on your node having a stable identity.
      
       Otherwise these other authorities may not being able to reach you.
      
       If it is the first time running your node you could use one of the following methods:
      
       1. [Preferred] Separately generate the key with: <NODE_BINARY> key generate-node-key --base-path <YOUR_BASE_PATH>
      
       2. [Preferred] Separately generate the key with: <NODE_BINARY> key generate-node-key --file <YOUR_PATH_TO_NODE_KEY>
      
       3. [Preferred] Separately generate the key with: <NODE_BINARY> key generate-node-key --default-base-path
      
       4. [Unsafe] Pass --unsafe-force-node-key-generation and make sure you remove it for subsequent node restarts

```

---------

Signed-off-by: Alexandru Gheorghe <alexandru.gheorghe@parity.io>

This PR adds functionality that allows tasks to enable auto-renewal.
Each task eligible for renewal can enable auto-renewal.

A new storage value is added to track all the cores with auto-renewal
enabled and the associated task running on the core. The `BoundedVec` is
sorted by `CoreIndex` to make disabling auto-renewal more efficient.

Cores are renewed at the start of a new bulk sale. If auto-renewal
fails(e.g. due to the sovereign account of the task not holding
sufficient balance), an event will be emitted, and the renewal will
continue for the other cores.

The two added extrinsics are:
- `enable_auto_renew`: Extrinsic for enabling auto renewal.
- `disable_auto_renew`: Extrinsic for disabling auto renewal.

TODOs:
- [x] Write benchmarks for the newly added extrinsics.

Closes: #4351

---------

Co-authored-by: Dónal Murray <donalm@seadanda.dev>

network/strategy: Backoff and ban overloaded peers to avoid submitting the same request multiple times (#5029)

This PR avoids submitting the same block or state request multiple times
to the same slow peer.

Previously, we submitted the same request to the same slow peer, which
resulted in reputation bans on the slow peer side.
Furthermore, the strategy selected the same slow peer multiple times to
submit queries to, although a better candidate may exist.

Instead, in this PR we:
- introduce a `DisconnectedPeers` via LRU with 512 peer capacity to only
track the state of disconnected peers with a request in flight
- when the `DisconnectedPeers` detects a peer disconnected with a
request in flight, the peer is backed off
  - on the first disconnection: 60 seconds
  - on second disconnection: 120 seconds
- on the third disconnection the peer is banned, and the peer remains
banned until the peerstore decays its reputation
  
This PR lifts the pressure from overloaded nodes that cannot process
requests in due time.
And if a peer is detected to be slow after backoffs, the peer is banned.

Theoretically, submitting the same request multiple times can still
happen when:
- (a) we backoff and ban the peer 
- (b) the network does not discover other peers -- this may also be a
test net
- (c) the peer gets reconnected after the reputation decay and is still
slow to respond



Aims to improve:
- https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/4924
- https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/531

Next Steps:
- Investigate the network after this is deployed, possibly bumping the
keep-alive timeout or seeing if there's something else misbehaving




This PR builds on top of:
- https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/4987


### Testing Done
- Added a couple of unit tests where test harness were set in place

- Local testnet

```bash
13:13:25.102 DEBUG tokio-runtime-worker sync::persistent_peer_state: Added first time peer 12D3KooWHdiAxVd8uMQR1hGWXccidmfCwLqcMpGwR6QcTP6QRMuD

13:14:39.102 DEBUG tokio-runtime-worker sync::persistent_peer_state: Remove known peer 12D3KooWHdiAxVd8uMQR1hGWXccidmfCwLqcMpGwR6QcTP6QRMuD state: DisconnectedPeerState { num_disconnects: 2, last_disconnect: Instant { tv_sec: 93355, tv_nsec: 942016062 } }, should ban: false

13:16:49.107 DEBUG tokio-runtime-worker sync::persistent_peer_state: Remove known peer 12D3KooWHdiAxVd8uMQR1hGWXccidmfCwLqcMpGwR6QcTP6QRMuD state: DisconnectedPeerState { num_disconnects: 3, last_disconnect: Instant { tv_sec: 93485, tv_nsec: 947551051 } }, should ban: true

13:16:49.108  WARN tokio-runtime-worker peerset: Report 12D3KooWHdiAxVd8uMQR1hGWXccidmfCwLqcMpGwR6QcTP6QRMuD: -2147483648 to -2147483648. Reason: Slow peer after backoffs. Banned, disconnecting.
```

cc @paritytech/networking

---------

Signed-off-by: Alexandru Vasile <alexandru.vasile@parity.io>

While working on #5129 I noticed that after warp sync, nodes would
print:
```
2024-07-29 17:59:23.898 ERROR ⋮beefy: 🥩 Error: ConsensusReset. Restarting voter.    
```

After some debugging I found that we enter the following loop:
1. Wait for beefy pallet to be available: Pallet is detected available
directly after warp sync since we are at the tip.
2. Wait for headers from tip to beefy genesis to be available: During
this time we don't process finality notifications, since we later want
to inspect all the headers for authority set changes.
3. Gap sync finishes, route to beefy genesis is available.
4. The worker starts acting, tries to fetch beefy genesis block. It
fails, since we are acting on old finality notifications where the state
is already pruned.
5. Whole beefy subsystem is being restarted, loading the state from db
again and iterating a lot of headers.

This already happened before #5129.