* Make `decl_error!` errors usable

This pr implements support for returning errors of different pallets in
a pallet. These errors need to be declared with `decl_error!`.

The pr changes the following:

- Each dispatchable function now returns a `DispatchResult` which is an
alias for `Result<(), DispatchError>`.
- `DispatchError` is an enum that has 4 variants:
  - `Other`: For storing string error messages
  - `CannotLookup`: Variant that is returned when something returns a
  `sp_runtime::LookupError`
  - `BadOrigin`: Variant that is returned for any kind of bad origin
  - `Module`: The error of a specific module. Contains the `index`,
  `error` and the `message`. The index is the index of the module in
  `construct_runtime!`. `error` is the index of the error in the error
  enum declared by `decl_error!`. `message` is the message to the error
  variant (this will not be encoded).
- `construct_runtime!` now creates a new struct `ModuleToIndex`. This
struct implements the trait `ModuleToIndex`.
- `frame_system::Trait` has a new associated type: `ModuleToIndex` that
expects the `ModuleToIndex` generated by `construct_runtime!`.
- All error strings returned in any module are being converted now to `DispatchError`.
- `BadOrigin` is the default error returned by any type that implements `EnsureOrigin`.

* Fix frame system benchmarks

* rewrite me

* [cli]: make `BlockNumber` generic

* cleanup

* Rename: Phase 1.

* Unify codec.

* Fixing: Phase 2

* Fixing: Phase 3.

* Fixing: Phase 4.

* Fixing: Phase 5.

* Fixing: Phase 6.

* Fixing: Phase 7.

* Fixing: Phase 8. Tests

* Fixing: Phase 9. Tests!!!

* Fixing: Phase 10. Moar tests!

* Finally done!

* More fixes.

* Rename primitives:: to sp_core::

* Apply renames in finality-grandpa.

* Fix benches.

* Fix benches 2.

* Revert node-template.

* Fix frame-system in our modules.

* In progress, runtime io must switch to future proof root +
child_specific (unique id) + u32 type.

* Switch interface, sr-io seems ok, rpc could use similar interface to
sr-io, genesis json broken if there is child trie in existing encoding
genesis.

* test from previous implementation.

* fix proving test.

* Restore Keyspacedb from other branch, only apply to child trie.

* Removing unneeded child_info from child root (child info are stored
if things changed, otherwhise the root does not change).

* Switch rpc to use same format as ext: more future proof.

* use root from child info for trie backend essence.

* Breaking long lines.

* Update doc and clean pr a bit.

* fix error type

* Restore removed doc on merge and update sr-io doc.

* Switch child storage api to use directly unique id, if managed id
where to be put in place, the api will change at this time.

* Clean deprecated host interface from child.

* Removing assertion on child info (can fail depending on root
memoization).

* merging child info in the overlay when possible.

* child iteration by prefix using child_info.

* Using ChainInfo in frame support. ChainInfo gets redesign to avoid
buffers allocation on every calls.

* Add length of root to the data of child info.

* comments

* Encode compact.

* Remove child info with root.

* Fix try_update condition.

* Comment Ext child root caching.

* Replace tuples by struct with field

* remove StorageTuple alias.

* Fix doc tests, and remove StorageOverlay and ChildStorageOverlay
aliases.

* primitives/sr-io -> primitives/io

* fix

* rename

* runtime-io -> sp-io

* git mv

* fix ci

* remove package name

* fix

* fix

* try minimizing diff

* try minimizing diff again

* try minimizing diff again

* Remove warnings when compiling runtime.

* Remove dispatch::Result imports.

* Add missing imports.

* Fix missing vecs. #4333

* Fix oom function.

* Remove superfluous import.

* More warnings.

* primitives/sr-std -> primitives/std

* fix

* fix conflict

* rstd -> sp-std

* git mv

* fix review

* fix merge

* Adding script for rename, could be applicable for nodes on top of it, too

* add stderr and gitlab ci features

* apply script

* fix now minor details in expected stderr

* Update the Cargo.lock

* fix name: sc-transaction -> sc-tracing

* fix rename in script, too

* The storage runtime interface should not enforce a hash type

Currently the runtime interface enforces `H256` as hash type, but in the
future people could use whatever they want as hash type. The hash type
always needs to match between the runtime and the node, but that is
already required.

* Update primitives/externalities/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: thiolliere <[email protected]>

* Add PaysFee trait

* bump version

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-Authored-By: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>

* line width

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-Authored-By: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>

* fix test

* fix test

* fix test

* palette -> frame

* PALETTE, Palette -> FRAME

* Move folder pallete -> frame

* Update docs/Structure.adoc

Co-Authored-By: Benjamin Kampmann <[email protected]>

* Update docs/README.adoc

Co-Authored-By: Benjamin Kampmann <[email protected]>

* Update README.adoc

* Remove superflous errors from the system module

* Rename and document InclusionOutcome

* Rename InclusionError

* Remove unused inclusion errors.

I left the enumeration though since other elements might be used some day.

* Rename and document DispatchOutcome

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-Authored-By: Tomasz Drwięga <[email protected]>

* TransactionValidityError instead of InclusionError

* Rename InclusionOutcome to ApplyExtrinsicResult

* Update docs.

* Update lib.rs

should be → is

* Bump the block builder API version.

* Fix the should_return_runtime_version test

* Clean the evidence

* Publish the dispatch info in extrinsic events

Place the DispatchInfo (which contains weight information about the
extrinsic that is otherwise difficult to determine) in the dispatch
result value.

* Runtime bump.

* Fix build

* Fix tests

* Fix build?

* Fisr migrated version of weight to paint

* Bump

* Minor nits

* Some review fixes.

* Line width

* Revert spec bump

* Fix build

* Update lock file

* Update palette/executive/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update palette/membership/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* /paint to /palette

* rename paint to palette

* rename the modules in palette to be pallets

* update Structure.adoc

* bump impl

* fix CI directory

* Update docs/Structure.adoc

Co-Authored-By: Benjamin Kampmann <[email protected]>

* Adding first rough ouline of the repository structure

* Remove old CI stuff

* add title

* formatting fixes

* move node-exits job's script to scripts dir

* Move docs into subdir

* move to bin

* move maintainence scripts, configs and helpers into its own dir

* add .local to ignore

* move core->client

* start up 'test' area

* move test client

* move test runtime

* make test move compile

* Add dependencies rule enforcement.

* Fix indexing.

* Update docs to reflect latest changes

* Moving /srml->/paint

* update docs

* move client/sr-* -> primitives/

* clean old readme

* remove old broken code in rhd

* update lock

* Step 1.

* starting to untangle client

* Fix after merge.

* start splitting out client interfaces

* move children and blockchain interfaces

* Move trie and state-machine to primitives.

* Fix WASM builds.

* fixing broken imports

* more interface moves

* move backend and light to interfaces

* move CallExecutor

* move cli off client

* moving around more interfaces

* re-add consensus crates into the mix

* fix subkey path

* relieve client from executor

* starting to pull out client from grandpa

* move is_decendent_of out of client

* grandpa still depends on client directly

* lemme tests pass

* rename srml->paint

* Make it compile.

* rename interfaces->client-api

* Move keyring to primitives.

* fixup libp2p dep

* fix broken use

* allow dependency enforcement to fail

* move fork-tree

* Moving wasm-builder

* make env

* move build-script-utils

* fixup broken crate depdencies and names

* fix imports for authority discovery

* fix typo

* update cargo.lock

* fixing imports

* Fix paths and add missing crates

* re-add missing crates

* Initial version that works with proper tests.

* get rid of todos and grumbles and such.

* Cleanup and fix line-width

* fix test runtime test

* Adds first version of traits for generating the host functions

* First steps of the procedural macro

* Implements generation of the host extern functions

* Prefix ext host function with snake case trait name

* Implement host functions implementation on the host

* Change `HostFunctions` interface

* Implement `HostFunctions` for tuples

* Make `WasmExecutor` generic over the host functions

* Begin to add a test and make it compile

* Make the test succeed

* Add test to ensure that host functions are not found

* It's alive! Make the `set_storage` test work

* Add test for mutable references

* Code cleanup and documentation etc

* Add marker trait for types that should be passed as SCALE encoded

* Inherit the visibility from the trait and more improvements

* More impls and move them into their own file

* Code simplification by dropping one trait

* Give it a better name

* Implement traits for arrays

* Refactor code to support pass by codec/inner

* Docs

* Implement pass by inner for some crypto types and add a test

* Implement exchangeable function support

* Rewrite sr-io with as runtime interface

* Start reworking after master merge

* Adds `PassByCodec` derive

* Adds `PassByInner` derive

* Fix compilation errors

* More implementations

* Implement runtime interface traits for `str`

* Make `sr-io` compile again

* Fix more compilation errors

* More progress on getting stuff back to compile

* More compilation fixes

* Fix warnings

* Remove le conversions

* Add support for `wasm_only` interfaces

* Implement `Allocator` interface

* Improve error message

* Move `WasmAllocator` to `sr-io` and more clean ups

* Use correct function signature for wasm functions

* Store the host functions with the Wasm runtime

* Docs update

* Fix compilation after master merge

* Remove `sr-io/without_std`

* Make `srml-support` tests run again

* More compilation error fixes

* Use correct doc syntax

* Fix test-runtime

* Fix compilation

* Catch native panics when executing the wasm runtime

As with the native runtime, we now catch all native panics when we
execute the wasm runtime. The panics inside the wasm runtime were
already catched before by the wasm executor automatically, but any panic
in the host functions could bring down the node. The recent switch to
execute the native counterpart of the host function in `sr-io`, makes
this change required. The native `sr-io` functions just `panic` when
something is not provided or any other error occured.

* Fix compilation

* Don't panic in a panic

* Move `sr-sandbox` to new runtime interface

* Fixes tests after sandbox changes

* Make sure we detect invalid utf8

* Fixes after master merge

* Adds pass by enum strategy

* Fix wasmtime integration

* Some macro structure clean up

* Rework and test exchangebale host functions

* PassBy derive macros documentation

* Docs for `runtime_interface` macro

* Support wild card argument names

* Adds ui tests

* Make sure that we are backwards compatible to the old runtime interfaces

* Documentation

* Fixes after latest master merge

* Make `wasmtime` happy

* Make `full_crypto` work

* Make the new interface versionable

* Rename `Sanboxing` to `Sandbox`

* Don't finalize in test while importing

* Fix Performance regression

* Fix test

* minor changes

* Refactors for phragmen-election

* Bump.

* Fix genesis stuff

* Fix rest of the errors

* Better fee parameters

* Fix build

* Better runtime tests

* Price to Weight ratio as type parameter (#3856)

* Price to Weight ration as type parameter

* Kian feedback

* Some renames.

* Fix executor tests

* Getting Closer.

* Phantom Data

* Actually fix executor tests.

* Fix tests.

* Remove todo

* Fix build

* Implement Printable for tuples.

* Add debugging function.

* Add debug 1.

* Implement  for everything.

* RuntimeDebug derive.

* Introduce RuntimeDebug.

* Add some dummy logging.

* Replace RuntimeDebug with Debug.

* Revert "Replace RuntimeDebug with Debug."

This reverts commit bc47070a8cb30241b2b590b2fa29fd195088162f.

* Working on Debug for all.

* Fix bounds.

* Add debug utils.

* Implement runtime logging.

* Add some docs and clean up.

* Clean up derives.

* Fix custom derive impl.

* Bump runtime.

* Fix long lines.

* Fix doc test.

* Use CARGO_CFG_STD.

* Revert "Use CARGO_CFG_STD."

This reverts commit ea429566de18ed0fa052571b359eb9826a64a9f4.

* Use parse_macro_input

* Update lockfile.

* Apply review suggestions.

* Remove stray re-export.

* Add no-std impl.

* Update lockfile.

* parse decl_storage getters with fn keyword

* test for get in decl_storage

* update all decl_storage! getters

* bump version

* adjust missed doc line

Fix some Clippy issues

* Initial draft that compiles

* Extract payment stuff from balances

* Extract multiplier update stuff from system

* Some fixes.

* Update len-fee as well

* some review comments.

* Remove todo

* bump

Signed-off-by: yjhmelody <[email protected]>

This function executes the given closure in a context where the test
externalities are set. This makes the srml tests easier to write, as the
test externalities need to be created anyway.

* Move `Externalities` into `substrate-externalities`

- `Externalities` now support generic extensions
- Split of `primtives-storage` for storage primitive types

* Move the externalities scoping into `substrate-externalities`

* Fix compilation

* Review feedback

* Adds macro for declaring extensions

* Fix benchmarks

* Introduce `ExtensionStore` trait

* Last review comments

* Implement it for `ExtensionStore`

Ashley authored Oct 09, 2019 and asynchronous rob committed Oct 08, 2019

* split off system randomness functions into a new module

* bump spec and impl version

* Move randomness to bottom of construct_runtime calls, move initialization into on_initialize

* Update srml/randomness/Cargo.toml

Co-Authored-By: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>

* Update srml/randomness/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>

* Update srml/randomness/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update srml/randomness/Cargo.toml

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Improve system example

* Update Cargo.lock

* Fix randomness example

* Get rid of the stored index

* Add tests

* Add a random test

* Improve docs

* Fix executive test :^)

* Add a utility function to tests

* Update srml/randomness/Cargo.toml

Co-Authored-By: Gavin Wood <[email protected]>

* Update srml/randomness/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update srml/randomness/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Change interpretation of block numbers

* rename crate

* refactor randomess module usage

* change random material len to a const

* Update srml/randomness-collective-flip/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update srml/randomness-collective-flip/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* srml: system: add kill_prefix

* node: bump spec_version

* decl_storage imports needed traits

* bump impl_version

* Update srml/system/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>

* Update srml/system/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>

* Move trait `Printable` into `sr-primitives`

* Cleanup runtime io trie_root interfaces

* Remove last generic bits from sr-io interface

* Fix srml-sudo after master merge

* Fix benchmarks

* Runtime bump

* Switch to new proc-macro crate for implementing traits for tuples

* Switch back to stable `Cargo.lock` format

* Reduce tuple number to match rusts default implementation

* srml-system checks

* wip

* more modules compiles

* node-runtime checks

* build.sh passes

* include dispatch error in failed event

* revert some unnecessary changes

* refactor based on comments

* more compile error fixes

* avoid unnecessary into

* reorder code

* fixes some tests

* manually implement encode & decode to avoid i8 workaround

* more test fixes

* more fixes

* more error fixes

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-Authored-By: Tomasz Drwięga <[email protected]>

* address comments

* test for DispatchError encoding

* tyep alias for democracy

* make error printable

* line width

* fix balances tests

* fix executive test

* fix system tests

* bump version

* ensure consistent method signature

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-Authored-By: Gavin Wood <[email protected]>

* changes based on review

* Add issue number for TODOs

* fix

* line width

* fix test

* Update core/sr-primitives/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update core/sr-primitives/src/traits.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update srml/council/src/motions.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update srml/council/src/motions.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* update based on review

* More concrete macro matching

* fix test build issue

* Update hex-literal dependency version. (#3141)

* Update hex-literal dep version.

* Update lock file.

* Start to rework the new error handling

* More work to get it back compiling

* Start to fix after master merge

* The great transaction error handling refactoring

* Make `decl_error` errors convertible to `&'static str`

* Make srml-executive build again

* Fix `sr-primitives` tests

* More fixes

* Last round of fix ups

* Fix build

* Fix build

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-Authored-By: Tomasz Drwięga <[email protected]>

* Rename some stuff

* Fixes after master merge

* Adds `CheckBlockGasLimit` signed extension

* Remove debug stuff

* Fix srml-balances test

* Rename `InvalidIndex` to `CannotLookup`

* Remove weird generic parameters

* Rename function again

* Fix import

* Document the signed extension

* Change from `Into` to `From`

* Update srml/contracts/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Sergei Pepyakin <[email protected]>

* Fix compilation

* Update srml/contracts/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Tomasz Drwięga <[email protected]>

* Update core/sr-primitives/src/transaction_validity.rs

Co-Authored-By: Tomasz Drwięga <[email protected]>

* Remove unused code

* Fix compilation

* Some cleanups

* Fix compile errors

* Make `TransactionValidity` a `Result`

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-Authored-By: Gavin Wood <[email protected]>

* Beautify the code a little bit and fix test

* Make `CannotLookup` an inherent error declared by `decl_error!`

* Adds some documentation

* Make `ApplyOutcome` a result

* Up the spec_version

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-Authored-By: Gavin Wood <[email protected]>
Co-Authored-By: DemiMarie-parity <[email protected]>

* Fix some instances of `runtime-io`

* Patch a bunch

* More patches for consistancy

* more patch

* Fix various build issues

* Fix tests

* Patch `srml-support-*` crates

* Fix doc tests

* Revert "Fix doc tests"

This reverts commit ba2ec61da7acc36821a70e76a31a6a5bf13bbe95.

* Revert "Patch `srml-support-*` crates"

This reverts commit 9a6070450107dec17784ba34af4b871023f6dc81.

* Missed one

* Fix doc tests

* Abstract constructing extrinsic and signing.

* Initial impl of signer.

* Implement get payload.

* Clean up the code.

* Improve docs.

* Bump version.

* Update core/sr-primitives/src/generic/unchecked_extrinsic.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Fix tests & address grumbles.

* Fix build.

* Fix runtime tests.

* Fix bound test.

* Fix bound test.

* impl

* file split

* old comment

* better error message

* WIP

* basti test works

* comment

* remove old files

* impl swap for storage map

* fix

* fix and comment

* code refactor

* code refactor

* code format

* code refactor

* fix

* fix

* fix

* document generators

* license

* doc

* doc

* fmt

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* some comment addressed

* storage_items small refactor

* fix storage_items

* more precise returned type

* fix

* code fmt suggestion

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* remove box allocation

* bump version

* rename function as behavior has changed

* fix doc

* simplify module deposit_event declaration

* fix

* bump version

* fix

* fix test

* fix doc

* Add test.

* Bump version.

* expose len from codec to storage.

* refactor runtime with len and append.

* Undo example.

* Remove imports.

* Bump codec.

* Optionify.

* Make decode_len counscious.

* Refactor.

* Update srml/support/src/storage/hashed/generator.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update srml/support/src/storage/hashed/generator.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update srml/support/src/storage/hashed/generator.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update srml/support/src/storage/hashed/generator.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Fix merge.

* fix some docs.

* Add NoDefault trait.

* Bump.

* Final nits.

* Update srml/support/src/traits.rs

* new approach toward len.

* re-create lock file.

* Fix build errors and Option handling.

* More test fix

* Use default for append as well.

* Fix runtime.

* Add support for linked_map

* More tweaks from review.

* Fix style

* Change api for none-values

* Bump.