Changes:
- Use a sensible limit for the overweight-cutoff of a single messages
instead of the full configured `ServiceWeight`.
- Add/Update tests

---------

Signed-off-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>

Combination of paritytech/polkadot#7005, its addon PR
paritytech/polkadot#7585 and its companion paritytech/cumulus#2433.

This PR introduces a new XcmFeesToAccount struct which implements the
`FeeManager` trait, and assigns this struct as the `FeeManager` in the
XCM config for all runtimes.

The struct simply deposits all fees handled by the XCM executor to a
specified account. In all runtimes, the specified account is configured
as the treasury account.

XCM __delivery__ fees are now being introduced (unless the root origin
is sending a message to a system parachain on behalf of the originating
chain).

# Note for reviewers

Most file changes are tests that had to be modified to account for the
new fees.
Main changes are in:
- cumulus/pallets/xcmp-queue/src/lib.rs <- To make it track the delivery
fees exponential factor
- polkadot/xcm/xcm-builder/src/fee_handling.rs <- Added. Has the
FeeManager implementation
- All runtime xcm_config files <- To add the FeeManager to the XCM
configuration

# Important note

After this change, instructions that create and send a new XCM (Query*,
Report*, ExportMessage, InitiateReserveWithdraw, InitiateTeleport,
DepositReserveAsset, TransferReserveAsset, LockAsset and RequestUnlock)
will require the corresponding origin account in the origin register to
pay for transport delivery fees, and the onward message will fail to be
sent if the origin account does not have the required amount. This
delivery fee is on top of what we already collect as tx fees in
pallet-xcm and XCM BuyExecution fees!

Wallet UIs that want to expose the new delivery fee can do so using the
formula:

```
delivery_fee_factor * (base_fee + encoded_msg_len * per_byte_fee)
```

where the delivery fee factor can be obtained from the corresponding
pallet based on which transport you are using (UMP, HRMP or bridges),
the base fee is a constant, the encoded message length from the message
itself and the per byte fee is the same as the configured per byte fee
for txs (i.e. `TransactionByteFee`).

---------

Co-authored-by: Branislav Kontur <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: joe petrowski <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Giles Cope <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>
Co-authored-by: Francisco Aguirre <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Liam Aharon <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>

I have added some Traits that are missing and are useful for dealing
with non-fungible tokens on other pallets and their implementations for
NFTs pallet.

- In the Mutate trait, added methods for dealing with the metadata:
`set_metadata`, `set_collection_metadata`, `clear_metadata` and
`clear_collection_metadata`.
The motivation of adding this methods coming from a StackExchange
question asking for it: [Setting metadata of an item of the Nfts pallet
in a custom
pallet](https://substrate.stackexchange.com/questions/9974/setting-metadata-of-an-item-of-the-nfts-pallet-in-a-custom-pallet)

- A Trait for trading non-fungible items. The methods in that Trait are
`buy_item`, `set_price` and `item_price`
An example of where this Trait can be useful is a pallet that deals with
[NFT
Royalties](https://forum.polkadot.network/t/nfts-royalty-pallet/3766)
and needs to perform this actions.

---------

Co-authored-by: Jegor Sidorenko <[email protected]>

Closes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/1916

Changes:
- Trivially wrap the migration into a version migration to enforce
idempotency.
- Opinionated logging nits

@liamaharon maybe we can add a check to the `try-runtime-cli` that
migrations are idempotent? It should be possible to check that the
storage root is identical after executing a second time (and that it
does not panic like it did here 😆

).

---------

Signed-off-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Liam Aharon <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Francisco Aguirre <[email protected]>

Slightly less verbose use of fungible(s).

---------

Co-authored-by: Liam Aharon <[email protected]>

## Summary

This PR introduces several enhancements.

The current implementation of `NetworkExportTable` lacks remote location
filtering support beyond `NetworkId` lookup. To provide more control and
granularity, it's essential to allow configuration for bridging to
different consensus `NetworkId` while restricting access e.g. to
particular remote parachains.

Additionally, the `StartsWith` and `Equals` and
`StartsWithExplicitGlobalConsensus` helper functions, which are in
active use, are moved to the `xcm-builder` and `frame_support` modules
for better code organization.

Adds a new `LocationWithAssetFilters` filter to enable location-based
and asset-related filtering. This filter is useful for configuring the
`pallet_xcm` filter for
[XcmTeleportFilter](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/blob/master/polkadot/xcm/pallet-xcm/src/lib.rs#L212)
and
[XcmReserveTransferFilter](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/blob/master/polkadot/xcm/pallet-xcm/src/lib.rs#L216)
to restrict specific assets.

Furthermore, the `BridgeMessage` fields are not accessible outside of
`xcm-builder`, limiting the ability to create custom logic dependent on
it.

---------

Co-authored-by: Francisco Aguirre <[email protected]>

Just making a few hidden imports cleaner and hidden in docs.

---------

Co-authored-by: Keith Yeung <[email protected]>

Allow Locks/Holds/Reserves/Freezes by default when using `pallet_balances` `TestDefaultConfig` (#1880)

Allow Locks/Holds/Reserves/Freezes by default when using
`pallet_balances` `TestDefaultConfig`.

Introduces an `extract` amount method for `fungible/s` `Imbalance`.

This PR refactors the staking ledger logic to encapsulate all reads and
mutations of `Ledger`, `Bonded`, `Payee` and stake locks within the
`StakingLedger` struct implementation.

With these changes, all the reads and mutations to the `Ledger`, `Payee`
and `Bonded` storage map should be done through the methods exposed by
StakingLedger to ensure the data and lock consistency of the operations.
The new introduced methods that mutate and read Ledger are:

- `ledger.update()`: inserts/updates a staking ledger in storage;
updates staking locks accordingly (and ledger.bond(), which is synthatic
sugar for ledger.update())
- `ledger.kill()`: removes all Bonded and StakingLedger related data for
a given ledger; updates staking locks accordingly;
`StakingLedger::get(account)`: queries both the `Bonded` and `Ledger`
storages and returns a `Option<StakingLedger>`. The pallet impl exposes
fn ledger(account) as synthatic sugar for `StakingLedger::get(account)`.

Retrieving a ledger with `StakingLedger::get()` can be done by providing
either a stash or controller account. The input must be wrapped in a
`StakingAccount` variant (Stash or Controller) which is treated
accordingly. This simplifies the caller API but will eventually be
deprecated once we completely get rid of the controller account in
staking. However, this refactor will help with the work necessary when
completely removing the controller.

Other goals:

- No logical changes have been introduced in this PR;
- No breaking changes or updates in wallets required;
- No new storage items or need to perform storage migrations;
- Centralise the changes to bonds and ledger updates to simplify the
OnStakingUpdate updates to the target list (related to
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/443)

Note: it would be great to prevent or at least raise a warning if
`Ledger<T>`, `Payee<T>` and `Bonded<T>` storage types are accessed
outside the `StakingLedger` implementation. This PR should not get
blocked by that feature, but there's a tracking issue here
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/149

Related and step towards
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/443

# Description
- What does this PR do?
  - link added
- Why are these changes needed?
  - improve docs
- How were these changes implemented and what do they affect?
  - only concerns docs

closes #622 

Pros:
* simpler interface, just functions:
`create_runtime_from_artifact_bytes()` and `execute_artifact()`

Cons:
* extra overhead of constructing executor semantics each time

I could make it a combination of
* `create_runtime_config(params)` (such that we could clone the
constructed semantics)
* `create_runtime(blob, config)`
* `execute_artifact(blob, config, params)`

Not sure if it's worth it though.

---------

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

- This PR refactors `alliance/src/benchmarkings.rs` to use benchmarking
v2. These changes are needed to improve the readability and
maintainability of the benchmarking code.

- No known issue to backlink.

## Local Testing 
1. `cargo build --features runtime-benchmarks` 
2. `cargo run --locked --release -p node-cli --bin substrate-node
--features runtime-benchmarks -- benchmark pallet --execution wasm
--wasm-execution compiled --chain dev --pallet "*" --extrinsic "*"
--steps 2 --repeat 1`

Part of #171

Fixes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/1839

Currently, `composite_enum`s do not support pallet instances. This PR
allows the following:
```rust
	#[pallet::composite_enum]
	pub enum HoldReason<I: 'static = ()> {
		SomeHoldReason
	}
```

### Todo

- [x]  UI Test

This PR adds a `try_state` hook for the `Treasury` pallet.
Part of #239.

Co-authored-by: command-bot <>

This PR refactors `identity/benchmarkings.rs` to use benchmarking v2.
These changes are needed to improve the readability and maintainability
of the benchmarking code. Changes were implemented using
[this](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/commit/9ec80090

)
commit as a guide. The logic of the benchmarks remains the same.

No known issue to backlink.

## Local Testing
To test the new benchmarks:
1. `cargo build --features runtime-benchmarks`
2. `./target/debug/polkadot benchmark pallet --steps=5 --repeat=2
--pallet=pallet_identity --extrinsic='*'`

---------

Co-authored-by: Richard Melkonian <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: joe petrowski <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>
Co-authored-by: Francisco Aguirre <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>

Needs https://github.com/sam0x17/macro_magic/pull/13

The associated PR allows the export of tokens from macro_magic at the
specified path. This fixes the path issue in derive-impl. Now, we can
import the default config using the standard rust syntax:

```rust
use frame_system::config_preludes::TestDefaultConfig;

[derive_impl(TestDefaultConfig as frame_system::DefaultConfig)]
impl frame_system::DefaultConfig for Test {
   //....
}
```

# Description

Upgrades `macro_magic` to 0.4.3, which introduces the ability to have
`export_tokens` use the same name as the underlying item for its
auto-generated macro name. Ultimately this will allow for better dev ux
in our derive_impl feature.

Adds a warning to FRAME pallets when a function argument that starts
with `_` is used in the weight formula.
This is in most cases an error since the weight witness needs to be
checked.

Example:

```rust
#[pallet::call_index(0)]
#[pallet::weight(T::SystemWeightInfo::remark(_remark.len() as u32))]
pub fn remark(_origin: OriginFor<T>, _remark: Vec<u8>) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
	Ok(().into())
}
```

Produces this warning:

```pre
warning: use of deprecated constant `pallet::warnings::UncheckedWeightWitness_0::_w`: 
                 It is deprecated to not check weight witness data.
                 Please instead ensure that all witness data for weight calculation is checked before usage.
         
                 For more info see:
                     <https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/1818>
   --> substrate/frame/system/src/lib.rs:424:40
    |
424 |         pub fn remark(_origin: OriginFor<T>, _remark: Vec<u8>) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
    |                                              ^^^^^^^
    |
    = note: `#[warn(deprecated)]` on by default
```

Can be suppressed like this, since in this case it is legit:

```rust
#[pallet::call_index(0)]
#[pallet::weight(T::SystemWeightInfo::remark(remark.len() as u32))]
pub fn remark(_origin: OriginFor<T>, remark: Vec<u8>) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
	let _ = remark; // We dont need to check the weight witness.
	Ok(().into())
}
```

Changes:
- Add warning on uncheded weight witness
- Respect `subkeys` limit in `System::kill_prefix`
- Fix HRMP pallet and other warnings
- Update`proc_macro_warning` dependency
- Delete random folder `substrate/src/src` 🙈

 
- Adding Prdoc

---------

Signed-off-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: joe petrowski <[email protected]>

See #1453.

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

See #1345, <https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/pull/14207>.

This adds all the necessary mixnet components, and puts them together in
the "kitchen-sink" node/runtime. The components added are:

- A pallet (`frame/mixnet`). This is responsible for determining the
current mixnet session and phase, and the mixnodes to use in each
session. It provides a function that validators can call to register a
mixnode for the next session. The logic of this pallet is very similar
to that of the `im-online` pallet.
- A service (`client/mixnet`). This implements the core mixnet logic,
building on the `mixnet` crate. The service communicates with other
nodes using notifications sent over the "mixnet" protocol.
- An RPC interface. This currently only supports sending transactions
over the mixnet.

---------

Co-authored-by: David Emett <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Javier Viola <[email protected]>

### Summary 

This PR introduces new dispatchables to the treasury pallet, allowing
spends of various asset types. The enhanced features of the treasury
pallet, in conjunction with the asset-rate pallet, are set up and
enabled for Westend and Rococo.

### Westend and Rococo runtimes.

Polkadot/Kusams/Rococo Treasury can accept proposals for `spends` of
various asset kinds by specifying the asset's location and ID.

#### Treasury Instance New Dispatchables:
- `spend(AssetKind, AssetBalance, Beneficiary, Option<ValidFrom>)` -
propose and approve a spend;
- `payout(SpendIndex)` - payout an approved spend or retry a failed
payout
- `check_payment(SpendIndex)` - check the status of a payout;
- `void_spend(SpendIndex)` - void previously approved spend;
> existing spend dispatchable renamed to spend_local

in this context, the `AssetKind` parameter contains the asset's location
and it's corresponding `asset_id`, for example:
`USDT` on `AssetHub`,
``` rust
location = MultiLocation(0, X1(Parachain(1000)))
asset_id = MultiLocation(0, X2(PalletInstance(50), GeneralIndex(1984)))
```

the `Beneficiary` parameter is a `MultiLocation` in the context of the
asset's location, for example
``` rust
// the Fellowship salary pallet's location / account
FellowshipSalaryPallet = MultiLocation(1, X2(Parachain(1001), PalletInstance(64)))
// or custom `AccountId`
Alice = MultiLocation(0, AccountId32(network: None, id: [1,...]))
```

the `AssetBalance` represents the amount of the `AssetKind` to be
transferred to the `Beneficiary`. For permission checks, the asset
amount is converted to the native amount and compared against the
maximum spendable amount determined by the commanding spend origin.

the `spend` dispatchable allows for batching spends with different
`ValidFrom` arguments, enabling milestone-based spending. If the
expectations tied to an approved spend are not met, it is possible to
void the spend later using the `void_spend` dispatchable.

Asset Rate Pallet provides the conversion rate from the `AssetKind` to
the native balance.

#### Asset Rate Instance Dispatchables:
- `create(AssetKind, Rate)` - initialize a conversion rate to the native
balance for the given asset
- `update(AssetKind, Rate)` - update the conversion rate to the native
balance for the given asset
- `remove(AssetKind)` - remove an existing conversion rate to the native
balance for the given asset

the pallet's dispatchables can be executed by the Root or Treasurer
origins.

### Treasury Pallet

Treasury Pallet can accept proposals for `spends` of various asset kinds
and pay them out through the implementation of the `Pay` trait.

New Dispatchables:
- `spend(Config::AssetKind, AssetBalance, Config::Beneficiary,
Option<ValidFrom>)` - propose and approve a spend;
- `payout(SpendIndex)` - payout an approved spend or retry a failed
payout;
- `check_payment(SpendIndex)` - check the status of a payout;
- `void_spend(SpendIndex)` - void previously approved spend;
> existing spend dispatchable renamed to spend_local

The parameters' types of the `spend` dispatchable exposed via the
pallet's `Config` and allows to propose and accept a spend of a certain
amount.

An approved spend can be claimed via the `payout` within the
`Config::SpendPeriod`. Clients provide an implementation of the `Pay`
trait which can pay an asset of the `AssetKind` to the `Beneficiary` in
`AssetBalance` units.

The implementation of the Pay trait might not have an immediate final
payment status, for example if implemented over `XCM` and the actual
transfer happens on a remote chain.

The `check_status` dispatchable can be executed to update the spend's
payment state and retry the `payout` if the payment has failed.

---------

Co-authored-by: joe petrowski <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>

Moving a babe and authorship pallets to the latest and greatest
derive_impl.

Part of https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/171

---------

Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>

Bumps the known_good_semver group with 1 update:
[syn](https://github.com/dtolnay/syn).

<details>
<summary>Release notes</summary>
<p><em>Sourced from <a
href="https://github.com/dtolnay/syn/releases">syn's
releases</a>.</em></p>
<blockquote>
<h2>2.0.38</h2>
<ul>
<li>Fix <em>&quot;method 'peek' has an incompatible type for
trait&quot;</em> error when defining <code>bool</code> as a custom
keyword (<a
href="https://redirect.github.com/dtolnay/syn/issues/1518">#1518</a>,
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href="https://github.com/Vanille-N"><code>@​Vanille-N</code></a>)</li>
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</blockquote>
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<details>
<summary>Commits</summary>
<ul>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/dtolnay/syn/commit/43632bfb6c78ee1f952645a268ab1ac4af162977"><code>43632bf</code></a>
Release 2.0.38</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/dtolnay/syn/commit/abd2c214b44da64a5e420d72919308300eebc23d"><code>abd2c21</code></a>
Merge pull request <a
href="https://redirect.github.com/dtolnay/syn/issues/1518">#1518</a>
from Vanille-N/master</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/dtolnay/syn/commit/6701e6077e15013ef34b15e3ffdae2657e499d83"><code>6701e60</code></a>
Absolute path to <code>bool</code> in
<code>custom_punctuation.rs</code></li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/dtolnay/syn/commit/7313d242398111423f046386aa0a75548f63d236"><code>7313d24</code></a>
Resolve single_match_else pedantic clippy lint in code generator</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/dtolnay/syn/commit/67ab64f3c09e17b23493c7cda498e7edb8830f21"><code>67ab64f</code></a>
Include unexpected token in the test failure message</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/dtolnay/syn/commit/137ae33486de3f2652487f8f64436ad1429df496"><code>137ae33</code></a>
Check no remaining token after the first literal</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/dtolnay/syn/commit/258e9e8a11d188c1ee1ffb2b069819239999f9ac"><code>258e9e8</code></a>
Ignore single_match_else pedantic clippy lint in test</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/dtolnay/syn/commit/92fd50ee8cb52968d9c66fbe6d67638c1f838e26"><code>92fd50e</code></a>
Test docs.rs documentation build in CI</li>
<li>See full diff in <a
href="https://github.com/dtolnay/syn/compare/2.0.37...2.0.38">compare
view</a></li>
</ul>
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Bumps the known_good_semver group with 1 update:
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<details>
<summary>Release notes</summary>
<p><em>Sourced from <a
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<blockquote>
<h2>v4.4.6</h2>
<h2>[4.4.6] - 2023-09-28</h2>
<h3>Internal</h3>
<ul>
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<h2>[4.4.5] - 2023-09-25</h2>
<h3>Fixes</h3>
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chore: Upgrade anstream</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/clap-rs/clap/commit/a1af8d9ad8f81eb2d71203b50c370a78ce3ec9f3"><code>a1af8d9</code></a>
chore: Update from '_rust/main'</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/clap-rs/clap/commit/ac51f0925003597dec21529538597dbd7872d1ac"><code>ac51f09</code></a>
chore(ci): Normalize json5 syntax</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/clap-rs/clap/commit/86c29dea384c7392a2b682fa0150f52c0f4c7f00"><code>86c29de</code></a>
chore(ci): Updaet Renovate schema</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/clap-rs/clap/commit/204552890d316ec9ae0b21f85298ba1d5d0786f8"><code>2045528</code></a>
chore: Release</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/clap-rs/clap/commit/55d223001682bc668f5e4db91afd5e76c2a36597"><code>55d2230</code></a>
docs: Update changelog</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/clap-rs/clap/commit/492ee03b325ff98c7702295e024576b52b71358d"><code>492ee03</code></a>
Merge pull request <a
href="https://redirect.github.com/clap-rs/clap/issues/5140">#5140</a>
from epage/dyn</li>
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Since the hash rules of this part of the `pallet_prefix/storage_prefix`
are always fixed, we can put the runtime calculation into compile time.

---
polkadot address: 15ouFh2SHpGbHtDPsJ6cXQfes9Cx1gEFnJJsJVqPGzBSTudr

---------

Co-authored-by: Juan <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>
Co-authored-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>

Makes SPs first class citizens along with the relay chains in the
context of our CI runtime upgrade checks.

## Code changes

- Sets missing current storage version in `uniques` pallet
- Adds multisig V1 migration to run where it was missing
- Removes executed migration whos pre/post hooks were failing from
collectives runtime
- Initializes storage versions for SP pallets added after genesis
- Originally I was going to wait for
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/1297 to be merged so
this wouldn't need to be done manually, but it doesn't seem like it'll
be merged any time soon so I've decided to set them manually to unblock
this

## CI changes

- Removed dependency of `westend` runtime upgrades being complete prior
to other ones running. I assume it is supposed to cache the
`try-runtime` build for a performance benefit, but it seems it wasn't
working. Maybe someone from the CI team can look into this or explain
why it needs to be there?

- Adds check-runtime-migration jobs for Parity asset-hubs, bridge-hubs
and contract chains

- Updated VARIABLES to accomodate the `kusama-runtime` package being
renamed to `staging-kusama-runtime` in
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/1241

- Added `EXTRA_ARGS` variable to `check-runtime-migration`, and set
`--no-weight-warnings` to the relay chain runtime upgrade checks (relay
chains don't have weight restrictions).

Closes: https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/1718

Moving a few pallets to the latest and greatest `derive_impl` to give it
a try.

Part of #171

---------

Co-authored-by: Adrian Catangiu <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Keith Yeung <[email protected]>

What does this PR do?
- Introduced the TotalValueLocked storage for nomination-pools. 
- introduced a slashing api in mock.rs 
- additional test for tracking a slashing event towards a pool without
sub-pools
- migration for the nomination-pools (V6 to V7) with
`VersionedMigration`

Why are these changes needed?
this is the continuation of the work by @Kianenigma

 in this
[PR](https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/pull/13319)

How were these changes implemented and what do they affect?
- It's an extra StorageValue that's modified whenever funds flow in or
out of staking for any of the `bonded_account` of `BondedPools`
- The `PoolSlashed`event is now emitted even when no `SubPools` are
found

Closes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/155
KSM: HHEEgVzcqL3kCXgsxSfJMbsTy8dxoTctuXtpY94n4s8F4pS

---------

Co-authored-by: Liam Aharon <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Ankan <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Ankan <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>

Derive `RuntimeDebug\Eq\PartialEq` but do not bound any generics.

This achieved by using their equivalent no bound versions:
`EqNoBound\PartialEqNoBound\RuntimeDebugNoBound`.

Deriving with `Debug`, `Eq`, and `PartialEq` for the `Debt` and `Credit`
type aliases of `Imbalance` is not feasible due to the `OnDrop` and
`OppositeOnDrop` generic types lacking implementations of the same
traits.

This absence posed challenges in testing and any scenarios that demanded
the traits implementations for the type.

closes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/158.
partially addresses
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/226.

Instead of fragile calculation of current balance by looking at `free
balance - ED`, Nomination Pool now freezes ED in the pool reward account
to restrict an account from going below minimum balance. This also has a
nice side effect that if ED changes, we know how much is the imbalance
in ED frozen in the pool and the current required ED. A pool operator
can diligently top up the pool with the deficit in ED or vice versa,
withdraw the excess they transferred to the pool.

## Notable changes
- New call `adjust_pool_deposit`: Allows to top up the deficit or
withdraw the excess deposited funds to the pool.
- Uses Fungible trait (instead of Currency trait). Since NP was not
doing any locking/reserving previously, no migration is needed for this.
- One time migration of freezing ED from each of the existing pools (not
very PoV friendly but fine for relay chain).

# Description
This PR introduces two changes:
- the previous `Tracing` trait has been modified to accept contract
address instead of code hash (seems to be way more convenient)
- a new trait `CallInterceptor` that allows intercepting contract calls;
in particular the default implementation for `()` will just proceed in a
standard way (after compilation optimizations, there will be no
footprint of that); however, implementing type might decide to mock
invocation and return `ExecResult` instead

Note: one might try merging `before_call` and `intercept_call`. However,
IMHO this would be bad, since it would mix two completely different
abstractions - tracing without any effects and actual intervention into
execution process.

This will unblock working on mocking contracts utility in drink and
similar tools (https://github.com/Cardinal-Cryptography/drink/issues/33)

# Checklist

- [x] My PR includes a detailed description as outlined in the
"Description" section above
- [ ] My PR follows the [labeling
requirements](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/blob/master/docs/CONTRIBUTING.md#process)
of this project (at minimum one label for `T` required)
- [x] I have made corresponding changes to the documentation (if
applicable)
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works (if applicable)

Last week we experienced a governance attack.
Surprisingly, there was no upper limit on the tip amount.

Due to the mechanism of pallet-fragment-election, the council members
will be refreshed immediately. Attacker is easy to control the council
and give a large tip amount.

Add missing events for pallet-bounties

Expand `StorageNoopGuard` to be able to add extra context through a
custom error message. When the guard is triggered it panics with an
error message which can be defaulted, set on construction, or set after
it has been constructed.

Turn `StorageNoopGuard` into struct with `storage_root` and
`error_message` and added `from_error_message` constructor and
`set_error_message` setter.

Also added `new()` aliased to `default()`.

Closes #375

---------

Co-authored-by: joe petrowski <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Liam Aharon <[email protected]>