lib.rs

// This file is part of Substrate.

// Copyright (C) 2019-2022 Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// 	http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

//! # Transaction Payment Pallet
//!
//! This pallet provides the basic logic needed to pay the absolute minimum amount needed for a
//! transaction to be included. This includes:
//!   - _base fee_: This is the minimum amount a user pays for a transaction. It is declared
//! 	as a base _weight_ in the runtime and converted to a fee using `WeightToFee`.
//!   - _weight fee_: A fee proportional to amount of weight a transaction consumes.
//!   - _length fee_: A fee proportional to the encoded length of the transaction.
//!   - _tip_: An optional tip. Tip increases the priority of the transaction, giving it a higher
//!     chance to be included by the transaction queue.
//!
//! The base fee and adjusted weight and length fees constitute the _inclusion fee_, which is
//! the minimum fee for a transaction to be included in a block.
//!
//! The formula of final fee:
//!   ```ignore
//!   inclusion_fee = base_fee + length_fee + [targeted_fee_adjustment * weight_fee];
//!   final_fee = inclusion_fee + tip;
//!   ```
//!
//!   - `targeted_fee_adjustment`: This is a multiplier that can tune the final fee based on
//! 	the congestion of the network.
//!
//! Additionally, this pallet allows one to configure:
//!   - The mapping between one unit of weight to one unit of fee via [`Config::WeightToFee`].
//!   - A means of updating the fee for the next block, via defining a multiplier, based on the
//!     final state of the chain at the end of the previous block. This can be configured via
//!     [`Config::FeeMultiplierUpdate`]
//!   - How the fees are paid via [`Config::OnChargeTransaction`].

#![cfg_attr(not(feature = "std"), no_std)]

use codec::{Decode, Encode, MaxEncodedLen};
use scale_info::TypeInfo;

use sp_runtime::{
	traits::{
		Convert, DispatchInfoOf, Dispatchable, One, PostDispatchInfoOf, SaturatedConversion,
		Saturating, SignedExtension, Zero,
	},
	transaction_validity::{
		TransactionPriority, TransactionValidity, TransactionValidityError, ValidTransaction,
	},
	FixedPointNumber, FixedPointOperand, FixedU128, Perquintill, RuntimeDebug,
};
use sp_std::prelude::*;

use frame_support::{
	dispatch::{
		DispatchClass, DispatchInfo, DispatchResult, GetDispatchInfo, Pays, PostDispatchInfo,
	},
	traits::{EstimateCallFee, Get},
	weights::{Weight, WeightToFee},
};

mod payment;
mod types;

pub use pallet::*;
pub use payment::*;
pub use types::{FeeDetails, InclusionFee, RuntimeDispatchInfo};

/// Fee multiplier.
pub type Multiplier = FixedU128;

type BalanceOf<T> = <<T as Config>::OnChargeTransaction as OnChargeTransaction<T>>::Balance;

/// A struct to update the weight multiplier per block. It implements `Convert<Multiplier,
/// Multiplier>`, meaning that it can convert the previous multiplier to the next one. This should
/// be called on `on_finalize` of a block, prior to potentially cleaning the weight data from the
/// system pallet.
///
/// given:
/// 	s = previous block weight
/// 	s'= ideal block weight
/// 	m = maximum block weight
/// 		diff = (s - s')/m
/// 		v = 0.00001
/// 		t1 = (v * diff)
/// 		t2 = (v * diff)^2 / 2
/// 	then:
/// 	next_multiplier = prev_multiplier * (1 + t1 + t2)
///
/// Where `(s', v)` must be given as the `Get` implementation of the `T` generic type. Moreover, `M`
/// must provide the minimum allowed value for the multiplier. Note that a runtime should ensure
/// with tests that the combination of this `M` and `V` is not such that the multiplier can drop to
/// zero and never recover.
///
/// note that `s'` is interpreted as a portion in the _normal transaction_ capacity of the block.
/// For example, given `s' == 0.25` and `AvailableBlockRatio = 0.75`, then the target fullness is
/// _0.25 of the normal capacity_ and _0.1875 of the entire block_.
///
/// This implementation implies the bound:
/// - `v ≤ p / k * (s − s')`
/// - or, solving for `p`: `p >= v * k * (s - s')`
///
/// where `p` is the amount of change over `k` blocks.
///
/// Hence:
/// - in a fully congested chain: `p >= v * k * (1 - s')`.
/// - in an empty chain: `p >= v * k * (-s')`.
///
/// For example, when all blocks are full and there are 28800 blocks per day (default in
/// `substrate-node`) and v == 0.00001, s' == 0.1875, we'd have:
///
/// p >= 0.00001 * 28800 * 0.8125
/// p >= 0.234
///
/// Meaning that fees can change by around ~23% per day, given extreme congestion.
///
/// More info can be found at:
/// <https://research.web3.foundation/en/latest/polkadot/overview/2-token-economics.html>
pub struct TargetedFeeAdjustment<T, S, V, M>(sp_std::marker::PhantomData<(T, S, V, M)>);

/// Something that can convert the current multiplier to the next one.
pub trait MultiplierUpdate: Convert<Multiplier, Multiplier> {
	/// Minimum multiplier
	fn min() -> Multiplier;
	/// Target block saturation level
	fn target() -> Perquintill;
	/// Variability factor
	fn variability() -> Multiplier;
}

impl MultiplierUpdate for () {
	fn min() -> Multiplier {
		Default::default()
	}
	fn target() -> Perquintill {
		Default::default()
	}
	fn variability() -> Multiplier {
		Default::default()
	}
}

impl<T, S, V, M> MultiplierUpdate for TargetedFeeAdjustment<T, S, V, M>
where
	T: frame_system::Config,
	S: Get<Perquintill>,
	V: Get<Multiplier>,
	M: Get<Multiplier>,
{
	fn min() -> Multiplier {
		M::get()
	}
	fn target() -> Perquintill {
		S::get()
	}
	fn variability() -> Multiplier {
		V::get()
	}
}

impl<T, S, V, M> Convert<Multiplier, Multiplier> for TargetedFeeAdjustment<T, S, V, M>
where
	T: frame_system::Config,
	S: Get<Perquintill>,
	V: Get<Multiplier>,
	M: Get<Multiplier>,
{
	fn convert(previous: Multiplier) -> Multiplier {
		// Defensive only. The multiplier in storage should always be at most positive. Nonetheless
		// we recover here in case of errors, because any value below this would be stale and can
		// never change.
		let min_multiplier = M::get();
		let previous = previous.max(min_multiplier);

		let weights = T::BlockWeights::get();
		// the computed ratio is only among the normal class.
		let normal_max_weight =
			weights.get(DispatchClass::Normal).max_total.unwrap_or(weights.max_block);
		let current_block_weight = <frame_system::Pallet<T>>::block_weight();
		let normal_block_weight =
			current_block_weight.get(DispatchClass::Normal).min(normal_max_weight);

		// TODO: Handle all weight dimensions
		let normal_max_weight = normal_max_weight.ref_time();
		let normal_block_weight = normal_block_weight.ref_time();

		let s = S::get();
		let v = V::get();