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		on_offence_now(
			&[OffenceDetails {
				offender: (
					11,
					Staking::stakers(&11),
				),
				reporters: vec![1],
			}],
			&[Perbill::from_percent(20)],
		);

		// F1 * (reward_proportion * slash - 0)
		// 50% * (10% * initial_balance * 20%)
		let reward = (initial_balance / 5) / 20;
		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&1), 10 + reward);

		on_offence_now(
			&[OffenceDetails {
				offender: (
					11,
					Staking::stakers(&11),
				),
				reporters: vec![1],
			}],
			&[Perbill::from_percent(50)],
		);

		let prior_payout = reward;

		// F1 * (reward_proportion * slash - prior_payout)
		// 50% * (10% * (initial_balance / 2) - prior_payout)
		let reward = ((initial_balance / 20) - prior_payout) / 2;
		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&1), 10 + prior_payout + reward);
		assert_ledger_consistent(11);
	});
}

#[test]
fn invulnerables_are_not_slashed() {
	// For invulnerable validators no slashing is performed.
	ExtBuilder::default().invulnerables(vec![11]).build().execute_with(|| {
		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&11), 1000);
		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&21), 2000);

		let exposure = Staking::stakers(&21);
		let initial_balance = Staking::slashable_balance_of(&21);

		let nominator_balances: Vec<_> = exposure.others
			.iter().map(|o| Balances::free_balance(&o.who)).collect();

		on_offence_now(
			&[
				OffenceDetails {
					offender: (11, Staking::stakers(&11)),
					reporters: vec![],
				},
				OffenceDetails {
					offender: (21, Staking::stakers(&21)),
					reporters: vec![],
				},
			],
			&[Perbill::from_percent(50), Perbill::from_percent(20)],
		);
		// The validator 11 hasn't been slashed, but 21 has been.
		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&11), 1000);
		// 2000 - (0.2 * initial_balance)
		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&21), 2000 - (2 * initial_balance / 10));

		// ensure that nominators were slashed as well.
		for (initial_balance, other) in nominator_balances.into_iter().zip(exposure.others) {
			assert_eq!(
				Balances::free_balance(&other.who),
				initial_balance - (2 * other.value / 10),
			);
		}
		assert_ledger_consistent(11);
		assert_ledger_consistent(21);
}

#[test]
fn dont_slash_if_fraction_is_zero() {
	// Don't slash if the fraction is zero.
	ExtBuilder::default().build().execute_with(|| {
		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&11), 1000);

			&[OffenceDetails {
				offender: (
					11,
					Staking::stakers(&11),
				),
				reporters: vec![],
			}],
			&[Perbill::from_percent(0)],
		);

		// The validator hasn't been slashed. The new era is not forced.
		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&11), 1000);
2101 2102 2103 2104 2105 2106 2107 2108 2109 2110 2111 2112 2113 2114 2115 2116 2117 2118 2119 2120 2121 2122 2123 2124 2125 2126 2127 2128 2129 2130 2131 2132 2133 2134 2135 2136 2137 2138 2139 2140 2141 2142 2143 2144 2145 2146 2147 2148 2149 2150 2151 2152 2153 2154 2155 2156 2157 2158 2159 2160 2161 2162 2163 2164 2165 2166 2167 2168 2169 2170 2171 2172 2173 2174 2175 2176 2177 2178 2179 2180 2181 2182 2183 2184 2185 2186 2187 2188 2189 2190 2191 2192 2193 2194 2195 2196 2197 2198 2199 2200 2201 2202 2203 2204 2205 2206 2207 2208 2209 2210 2211 2212 2213 2214 2215 2216 2217 2218 2219 2220 2221 2222 2223 2224 2225 2226 2227 2228 2229 2230 2231 2232 2233 2234 2235 2236 2237 2238 2239 2240 2241 2242 2243 2244 2245 2246 2247 2248 2249 2250 2251 2252 2253 2254 2255 2256 2257 2258 2259 2260 2261 2262 2263 2264 2265 2266 2267 2268 2269 2270 2271 2272 2273 2274 2275 2276 2277 2278 2279 2280 2281 2282 2283 2284 2285 2286 2287 2288 2289 2290 2291 2292 2293 2294 2295 2296 2297 2298 2299 2300 2301 2302 2303 2304 2305 2306 2307 2308 2309 2310 2311 2312 2313 2314 2315 2316 2317 2318 2319 2320 2321 2322 2323 2324 2325 2326 2327 2328 2329 2330 2331 2332 2333 2334 2335 2336 2337 2338 2339 2340 2341 2342 2343 2344 2345 2346 2347 2348 2349 2350 2351 2352 2353 2354 2355 2356 2357 2358 2359 2360 2361 2362 2363 2364 2365 2366 2367 2368 2369 2370 2371 2372 2373 2374 2375 2376 2377 2378 2379 2380 2381 2382 2383 2384 2385 2386 2387 2388 2389 2390 2391 2392 2393 2394 2395 2396 2397 2398 2399 2400 2401 2402 2403 2404 2405 2406 2407 2408 2409 2410 2411 2412 2413 2414 2415 2416 2417 2418 2419 2420 2421 2422 2423 2424 2425 2426 2427 2428 2429 2430 2431 2432 2433 2434 2435 2436 2437 2438 2439 2440 2441 2442 2443 2444 2445 2446 2447 2448 2449 2450 2451 2452 2453 2454 2455 2456 2457 2458 2459 2460 2461 2462 2463 2464 2465 2466 2467 2468 2469 2470 2471 2472 2473 2474 2475 2476 2477 2478 2479 2480 2481 2482 2483 2484 2485 2486 2487 2488 2489 2490 2491 2492 2493 2494 2495 2496 2497 2498 2499 2500 2501 2502 2503 2504 2505 2506 2507 2508 2509 2510 2511 2512 2513 2514 2515 2516 2517 2518 2519 2520 2521 2522 2523 2524 2525 2526 2527 2528 2529 2530 2531 2532 2533 2534 2535 2536 2537 2538 2539 2540 2541 2542 2543 2544 2545 2546 2547 2548 2549 2550 2551 2552 2553 2554 2555 2556
		assert_ledger_consistent(11);
	});
}

#[test]
fn only_slash_for_max_in_era() {
	ExtBuilder::default().build().execute_with(|| {
		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&11), 1000);

		on_offence_now(
			&[
				OffenceDetails {
					offender: (11, Staking::stakers(&11)),
					reporters: vec![],
				},
			],
			&[Perbill::from_percent(50)],
		);

		// The validator has been slashed and has been force-chilled.
		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&11), 500);
		assert_eq!(Staking::force_era(), Forcing::ForceNew);

		on_offence_now(
			&[
				OffenceDetails {
					offender: (11, Staking::stakers(&11)),
					reporters: vec![],
				},
			],
			&[Perbill::from_percent(25)],
		);

		// The validator has not been slashed additionally.
		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&11), 500);

		on_offence_now(
			&[
				OffenceDetails {
					offender: (11, Staking::stakers(&11)),
					reporters: vec![],
				},
			],
			&[Perbill::from_percent(60)],
		);

		// The validator got slashed 10% more.
		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&11), 400);
		assert_ledger_consistent(11);
	})
}

#[test]
fn garbage_collection_after_slashing() {
	ExtBuilder::default().existential_deposit(1).build().execute_with(|| {
		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&11), 256_000);

		on_offence_now(
			&[
				OffenceDetails {
					offender: (11, Staking::stakers(&11)),
					reporters: vec![],
				},
			],
			&[Perbill::from_percent(10)],
		);

		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&11), 256_000 - 25_600);
		assert!(<Staking as crate::Store>::SlashingSpans::get(&11).is_some());
		assert_eq!(<Staking as crate::Store>::SpanSlash::get(&(11, 0)).amount_slashed(), &25_600);

		on_offence_now(
			&[
				OffenceDetails {
					offender: (11, Staking::stakers(&11)),
					reporters: vec![],
				},
			],
			&[Perbill::from_percent(100)],
		);

		// validator and nominator slash in era are garbage-collected by era change,
		// so we don't test those here.

		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&11), 0);
		assert!(<Staking as crate::Store>::SlashingSpans::get(&11).is_none());
		assert_eq!(<Staking as crate::Store>::SpanSlash::get(&(11, 0)).amount_slashed(), &0);
	})
}

#[test]
fn garbage_collection_on_window_pruning() {
	ExtBuilder::default().build().execute_with(|| {
		start_era(1);

		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&11), 1000);

		let exposure = Staking::stakers(&11);
		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&101), 2000);
		let nominated_value = exposure.others.iter().find(|o| o.who == 101).unwrap().value;

		on_offence_now(
			&[
				OffenceDetails {
					offender: (11, Staking::stakers(&11)),
					reporters: vec![],
				},
			],
			&[Perbill::from_percent(10)],
		);

		let now = Staking::current_era();

		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&11), 900);
		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&101), 2000 - (nominated_value / 10));

		assert!(<Staking as crate::Store>::ValidatorSlashInEra::get(&now, &11).is_some());
		assert!(<Staking as crate::Store>::NominatorSlashInEra::get(&now, &101).is_some());

		// + 1 because we have to exit the bonding window.
		for era in (0..(BondingDuration::get() + 1)).map(|offset| offset + now + 1) {
			assert!(<Staking as crate::Store>::ValidatorSlashInEra::get(&now, &11).is_some());
			assert!(<Staking as crate::Store>::NominatorSlashInEra::get(&now, &101).is_some());

			start_era(era);
		}

		assert!(<Staking as crate::Store>::ValidatorSlashInEra::get(&now, &11).is_none());
		assert!(<Staking as crate::Store>::NominatorSlashInEra::get(&now, &101).is_none());
	})
}

#[test]
fn slashing_nominators_by_span_max() {
	ExtBuilder::default().build().execute_with(|| {
		start_era(1);
		start_era(2);
		start_era(3);

		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&11), 1000);
		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&21), 2000);
		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&101), 2000);
		assert_eq!(Staking::slashable_balance_of(&21), 1000);


		let exposure_11 = Staking::stakers(&11);
		let exposure_21 = Staking::stakers(&21);
		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&101), 2000);
		let nominated_value_11 = exposure_11.others.iter().find(|o| o.who == 101).unwrap().value;
		let nominated_value_21 = exposure_21.others.iter().find(|o| o.who == 101).unwrap().value;

		on_offence_in_era(
			&[
				OffenceDetails {
					offender: (11, Staking::stakers(&11)),
					reporters: vec![],
				},
			],
			&[Perbill::from_percent(10)],
			2,
		);

		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&11), 900);

		let slash_1_amount = Perbill::from_percent(10) * nominated_value_11;
		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&101), 2000 - slash_1_amount);

		let expected_spans = vec![
			slashing::SlashingSpan { index: 1, start: 4, length: None },
			slashing::SlashingSpan { index: 0, start: 0, length: Some(4) },
		];

		let get_span = |account| <Staking as crate::Store>::SlashingSpans::get(&account).unwrap();

		assert_eq!(
			get_span(11).iter().collect::<Vec<_>>(),
			expected_spans,
		);

		assert_eq!(
			get_span(101).iter().collect::<Vec<_>>(),
			expected_spans,
		);

		// second slash: higher era, higher value, same span.
		on_offence_in_era(
			&[
				OffenceDetails {
					offender: (21, Staking::stakers(&21)),
					reporters: vec![],
				},
			],
			&[Perbill::from_percent(30)],
			3,
		);

		// 11 was not further slashed, but 21 and 101 were.
		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&11), 900);
		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&21), 1700);

		let slash_2_amount = Perbill::from_percent(30) * nominated_value_21;
		assert!(slash_2_amount > slash_1_amount);

		// only the maximum slash in a single span is taken.
		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&101), 2000 - slash_2_amount);

		// third slash: in same era and on same validator as first, higher
		// in-era value, but lower slash value than slash 2.
		on_offence_in_era(
			&[
				OffenceDetails {
					offender: (11, Staking::stakers(&11)),
					reporters: vec![],
				},
			],
			&[Perbill::from_percent(20)],
			2,
		);

		// 11 was further slashed, but 21 and 101 were not.
		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&11), 800);
		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&21), 1700);

		let slash_3_amount = Perbill::from_percent(20) * nominated_value_21;
		assert!(slash_3_amount < slash_2_amount);
		assert!(slash_3_amount > slash_1_amount);

		// only the maximum slash in a single span is taken.
		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&101), 2000 - slash_2_amount);
	});
}

#[test]
fn slashes_are_summed_across_spans() {
	ExtBuilder::default().build().execute_with(|| {
		start_era(1);
		start_era(2);
		start_era(3);

		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&21), 2000);
		assert_eq!(Staking::slashable_balance_of(&21), 1000);

		let get_span = |account| <Staking as crate::Store>::SlashingSpans::get(&account).unwrap();

		on_offence_now(
			&[
				OffenceDetails {
					offender: (21, Staking::stakers(&21)),
					reporters: vec![],
				},
			],
			&[Perbill::from_percent(10)],
		);

		let expected_spans = vec![
			slashing::SlashingSpan { index: 1, start: 4, length: None },
			slashing::SlashingSpan { index: 0, start: 0, length: Some(4) },
		];

		assert_eq!(get_span(21).iter().collect::<Vec<_>>(), expected_spans);
		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&21), 1900);

		// 21 has been force-chilled. re-signal intent to validate.
		Staking::validate(Origin::signed(20), Default::default()).unwrap();

		start_era(4);

		assert_eq!(Staking::slashable_balance_of(&21), 900);

		on_offence_now(
			&[
				OffenceDetails {
					offender: (21, Staking::stakers(&21)),
					reporters: vec![],
				},
			],
			&[Perbill::from_percent(10)],
		);

		let expected_spans = vec![
			slashing::SlashingSpan { index: 2, start: 5, length: None },
			slashing::SlashingSpan { index: 1, start: 4, length: Some(1) },
			slashing::SlashingSpan { index: 0, start: 0, length: Some(4) },
		];

		assert_eq!(get_span(21).iter().collect::<Vec<_>>(), expected_spans);
		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&21), 1810);
	});
}

#[test]
fn deferred_slashes_are_deferred() {
	ExtBuilder::default().slash_defer_duration(2).build().execute_with(|| {
		start_era(1);

		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&11), 1000);

		let exposure = Staking::stakers(&11);
		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&101), 2000);
		let nominated_value = exposure.others.iter().find(|o| o.who == 101).unwrap().value;

		on_offence_now(
			&[
				OffenceDetails {
					offender: (11, Staking::stakers(&11)),
					reporters: vec![],
				},
			],
			&[Perbill::from_percent(10)],
		);

		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&11), 1000);
		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&101), 2000);

		start_era(2);

		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&11), 1000);
		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&101), 2000);

		start_era(3);

		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&11), 1000);
		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&101), 2000);

		// at the start of era 4, slashes from era 1 are processed,
		// after being deferred for at least 2 full eras.
		start_era(4);

		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&11), 900);
		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&101), 2000 - (nominated_value / 10));
	})
}

#[test]
fn remove_deferred() {
	ExtBuilder::default().slash_defer_duration(2).build().execute_with(|| {
		start_era(1);

		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&11), 1000);

		let exposure = Staking::stakers(&11);
		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&101), 2000);
		let nominated_value = exposure.others.iter().find(|o| o.who == 101).unwrap().value;

		on_offence_now(
			&[
				OffenceDetails {
					offender: (11, exposure.clone()),
					reporters: vec![],
				},
			],
			&[Perbill::from_percent(10)],
		);

		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&11), 1000);
		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&101), 2000);

		start_era(2);

		on_offence_in_era(
			&[
				OffenceDetails {
					offender: (11, exposure.clone()),
					reporters: vec![],
				},
			],
			&[Perbill::from_percent(15)],
			1,
		);

		Staking::cancel_deferred_slash(Origin::ROOT, 1, vec![0]).unwrap();

		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&11), 1000);
		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&101), 2000);

		start_era(3);

		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&11), 1000);
		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&101), 2000);

		// at the start of era 4, slashes from era 1 are processed,
		// after being deferred for at least 2 full eras.
		start_era(4);

		// the first slash for 10% was cancelled, so no effect.
		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&11), 1000);
		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&101), 2000);

		start_era(5);

		let slash_10 = Perbill::from_percent(10);
		let slash_15 = Perbill::from_percent(15);
		let initial_slash = slash_10 * nominated_value;

		let total_slash = slash_15 * nominated_value;
		let actual_slash = total_slash - initial_slash;

		// 5% slash (15 - 10) processed now.
		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&11), 950);
		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&101), 2000 - actual_slash);
	})
}

#[test]
fn remove_multi_deferred() {
	ExtBuilder::default().slash_defer_duration(2).build().execute_with(|| {
		start_era(1);

		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&11), 1000);

		let exposure = Staking::stakers(&11);
		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&101), 2000);

		on_offence_now(
			&[
				OffenceDetails {
					offender: (11, exposure.clone()),
					reporters: vec![],
				},
			],
			&[Perbill::from_percent(10)],
		);

		on_offence_now(
			&[
				OffenceDetails {
					offender: (21, Staking::stakers(&21)),
					reporters: vec![],
				}
			],
			&[Perbill::from_percent(10)],
		);

		on_offence_now(
			&[
				OffenceDetails {
					offender: (11, exposure.clone()),
					reporters: vec![],
				},
			],
			&[Perbill::from_percent(25)],
		);

		assert_eq!(<Staking as Store>::UnappliedSlashes::get(&1).len(), 3);
		Staking::cancel_deferred_slash(Origin::ROOT, 1, vec![0, 2]).unwrap();

		let slashes = <Staking as Store>::UnappliedSlashes::get(&1);
		assert_eq!(slashes.len(), 1);
		assert_eq!(slashes[0].validator, 21);
	})
}

#[test]
fn version_initialized() {
	ExtBuilder::default().build().execute_with(|| {
		assert_eq!(<Staking as Store>::StorageVersion::get(), crate::migration::CURRENT_VERSION);

#[test]
fn slash_kicks_validators_not_nominators() {
	ExtBuilder::default().build().execute_with(|| {
		start_era(1);

		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&11), 1000);

		let exposure = Staking::stakers(&11);
		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&101), 2000);
		let nominated_value = exposure.others.iter().find(|o| o.who == 101).unwrap().value;

		on_offence_now(
			&[
				OffenceDetails {
					offender: (11, exposure.clone()),
					reporters: vec![],
				},
			],
			&[Perbill::from_percent(10)],
		);

		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&11), 900);
		assert_eq!(Balances::free_balance(&101), 2000 - (nominated_value / 10));

		// This is the best way to check that the validator was chilled; `get` will
		// return default value.
		for (stash, _) in <Staking as Store>::Validators::enumerate() {
			assert!(stash != 11);
		}

		let nominations = <Staking as Store>::Nominators::get(&101).unwrap();

		// and make sure that the vote will be ignored even if the validator
		// re-registers.
		let last_slash = <Staking as Store>::SlashingSpans::get(&11).unwrap().last_start();
		assert!(nominations.submitted_in < last_slash);
	});
}