v1.rs

// Copyright 2017-2020 Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
// This file is part of Polkadot.

// Polkadot is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.

// Polkadot is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.

// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with Polkadot.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

//! V1 Primitives.

use sp_std::prelude::*;
use parity_scale_codec::{Encode, Decode};
use bitvec::vec::BitVec;

use primitives::RuntimeDebug;
use runtime_primitives::traits::AppVerify;
use inherents::InherentIdentifier;

use runtime_primitives::traits::{BlakeTwo256, Hash as HashT};

// Export some core primitives.
pub use polkadot_core_primitives::v1::{
	BlockNumber, Moment, Signature, AccountPublic, AccountId, AccountIndex,
	ChainId, Hash, Nonce, Balance, Header, Block, BlockId, UncheckedExtrinsic,
	Remark, DownwardMessage,
};

// Export some polkadot-parachain primitives
pub use polkadot_parachain::primitives::{
	Id, ParachainDispatchOrigin, LOWEST_USER_ID, UpwardMessage, HeadData, BlockData,
	ValidationCode,
};

// Export some basic parachain primitives from v0.
pub use crate::v0::{
	CollatorId, CollatorSignature, PARACHAIN_KEY_TYPE_ID, ValidatorId, ValidatorIndex,
	ValidatorSignature, SigningContext, Signed, ValidityAttestation,
	CompactStatement, SignedStatement, ErasureChunk, EncodeAs,
};

// More exports from v0 for std.
#[cfg(feature = "std")]
pub use crate::v0::{ValidatorPair, CollatorPair};

/// Unique identifier for the Inclusion Inherent
pub const INCLUSION_INHERENT_IDENTIFIER: InherentIdentifier = *b"inclusn0";

/// Get a collator signature payload on a relay-parent, block-data combo.
pub fn collator_signature_payload<H: AsRef<[u8]>>(
	relay_parent: &H,
	para_id: &Id,
	pov_hash: &Hash,
) -> [u8; 68] {
	// 32-byte hash length is protected in a test below.
	let mut payload = [0u8; 68];

	payload[0..32].copy_from_slice(relay_parent.as_ref());
	u32::from(*para_id).using_encoded(|s| payload[32..32 + s.len()].copy_from_slice(s));
	payload[36..68].copy_from_slice(pov_hash.as_ref());

	payload
}

fn check_collator_signature<H: AsRef<[u8]>>(
	relay_parent: &H,
	para_id: &Id,
	pov_hash: &Hash,
	collator: &CollatorId,
	signature: &CollatorSignature,
) -> Result<(),()> {
	let payload = collator_signature_payload(relay_parent, para_id, pov_hash);
	if signature.verify(&payload[..], collator) {
		Ok(())
	} else {
		Err(())
	}
}

/// A unique descriptor of the candidate receipt.
#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Encode, Decode)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "std", derive(Debug, Default))]
pub struct CandidateDescriptor<H = Hash> {
	/// The ID of the para this is a candidate for.
	pub para_id: Id,
	/// The hash of the relay-chain block this is executed in the context of.
	pub relay_parent: H,
	/// The collator's sr25519 public key.
	pub collator: CollatorId,
	/// Signature on blake2-256 of components of this receipt:
	/// The parachain index, the relay parent, and the pov_hash.
	pub signature: CollatorSignature,
	/// The blake2-256 hash of the pov.
	pub pov_hash: Hash,
}

impl<H: AsRef<[u8]>> CandidateDescriptor<H> {
	/// Check the signature of the collator within this descriptor.
	pub fn check_collator_signature(&self) -> Result<(), ()> {
		check_collator_signature(
			&self.relay_parent,
			&self.para_id,
			&self.pov_hash,
			&self.collator,
			&self.signature,
		)
	}
}

/// A candidate-receipt.
#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Encode, Decode)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "std", derive(Debug, Default))]
pub struct CandidateReceipt<H = Hash> {
	/// The descriptor of the candidate.
	pub descriptor: CandidateDescriptor<H>,
	/// The hash of the encoded commitments made as a result of candidate execution.
	pub commitments_hash: Hash,
}

impl<H> CandidateReceipt<H> {
	/// Get a reference to the candidate descriptor.
	pub fn descriptor(&self) -> &CandidateDescriptor<H> {
		&self.descriptor
	}

	/// Computes the blake2-256 hash of the receipt.
	pub fn hash(&self) -> Hash where H: Encode {
		BlakeTwo256::hash_of(self)
	}
}

/// All data pertaining to the execution of a para candidate.
#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Encode, Decode)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "std", derive(Debug, Default))]
pub struct FullCandidateReceipt<H = Hash> {
	/// The inner candidate receipt.
	pub inner: CandidateReceipt<H>,
	/// The global validation schedule.
	pub global_validation: GlobalValidationSchedule,
	/// The local validation data.
	pub local_validation: LocalValidationData,
}

/// A candidate-receipt with commitments directly included.
#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Encode, Decode)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "std", derive(Debug, Default))]
pub struct CommittedCandidateReceipt<H = Hash> {
	/// The descriptor of the candidate.
	pub descriptor: CandidateDescriptor<H>,
	/// The commitments of the candidate receipt.
	pub commitments: CandidateCommitments,
}

impl<H> CommittedCandidateReceipt<H> {
	/// Get a reference to the candidate descriptor.
	pub fn descriptor(&self) -> &CandidateDescriptor<H> {
		&self.descriptor
	}
}

impl<H: Clone> CommittedCandidateReceipt<H> {
	/// Transforms this into a plain CandidateReceipt.
	pub fn to_plain(&self) -> CandidateReceipt<H> {
		CandidateReceipt {
			descriptor: self.descriptor.clone(),
			commitments_hash: self.commitments.hash(),
		}
	}

	/// Computes the hash of the committed candidate receipt.
	///
	/// This computes the canonical hash, not the hash of the directly encoded data.
	/// Thus this is a shortcut for `candidate.to_plain().hash()`.
	pub fn hash(&self) -> Hash where H: Encode {
		self.to_plain().hash()
	}
}

impl PartialOrd for CommittedCandidateReceipt {
	fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<sp_std::cmp::Ordering> {
		Some(self.cmp(other))
	}
}

impl Ord for CommittedCandidateReceipt {
	fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> sp_std::cmp::Ordering {
		// TODO: compare signatures or something more sane
		// https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot/issues/222
		self.descriptor().para_id.cmp(&other.descriptor().para_id)
			.then_with(|| self.commitments.head_data.cmp(&other.commitments.head_data))
	}
}

/// Extra data that is needed along with the other fields in a `CandidateReceipt`
/// to fully validate the candidate. These fields are parachain-specific.
#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Encode, Decode)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "std", derive(Debug, Default))]
pub struct LocalValidationData {
	/// The parent head-data.
	pub parent_head: HeadData,
	/// The balance of the parachain at the moment of validation.
	pub balance: Balance,
	/// The blake2-256 hash of the validation code used to execute the candidate.
	pub validation_code_hash: Hash,
	/// Whether the parachain is allowed to upgrade its validation code.
	///
	/// This is `Some` if so, and contains the number of the minimum relay-chain
	/// height at which the upgrade will be applied, if an upgrade is signaled
	/// now.
	///
	/// A parachain should enact its side of the upgrade at the end of the first
	/// parablock executing in the context of a relay-chain block with at least this
	/// height. This may be equal to the current perceived relay-chain block height, in
	/// which case the code upgrade should be applied at the end of the signaling
	/// block.
	pub code_upgrade_allowed: Option<BlockNumber>,
}

/// Extra data that is needed along with the other fields in a `CandidateReceipt`
/// to fully validate the candidate.
///
/// These are global parameters that apply to all candidates in a block.
#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Encode, Decode)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "std", derive(Debug, Default))]
pub struct GlobalValidationSchedule {
	/// The maximum code size permitted, in bytes.
	pub max_code_size: u32,
	/// The maximum head-data size permitted, in bytes.
	pub max_head_data_size: u32,
	/// The relay-chain block number this is in the context of.
	pub block_number: BlockNumber,
}

/// Commitments made in a `CandidateReceipt`. Many of these are outputs of validation.
#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Encode, Decode)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "std", derive(Debug, Default))]
pub struct CandidateCommitments {
	/// Fees paid from the chain to the relay chain validators.
	pub fees: Balance,
	/// Messages destined to be interpreted by the Relay chain itself.
	pub upward_messages: Vec<UpwardMessage>,
	/// The root of a block's erasure encoding Merkle tree.
	pub erasure_root: Hash,
	/// New validation code.
	pub new_validation_code: Option<ValidationCode>,
	/// The head-data produced as a result of execution.
	pub head_data: HeadData,
}

impl CandidateCommitments {
	/// Compute the blake2-256 hash of the commitments.
	pub fn hash(&self) -> Hash {
		BlakeTwo256::hash_of(self)
	}
}

/// A Proof-of-Validity
#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Encode, Decode)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "std", derive(Debug))]
pub struct PoV {
	/// The block witness data.
	pub block_data: BlockData,
}

impl PoV {
	/// Get the blake2-256 hash of the PoV.
	#[cfg(feature = "std")]
	pub fn hash(&self) -> Hash {
		BlakeTwo256::hash_of(self)
	}
}

/// A bitfield concerning availability of backed candidates.
#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Encode, Decode)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "std", derive(Debug))]
pub struct AvailabilityBitfield(pub BitVec<bitvec::order::Lsb0, u8>);

impl From<BitVec<bitvec::order::Lsb0, u8>> for AvailabilityBitfield {
	fn from(inner: BitVec<bitvec::order::Lsb0, u8>) -> Self {
		AvailabilityBitfield(inner)
	}
}

/// A bitfield signed by a particular validator about the availability of pending candidates.
pub type SignedAvailabilityBitfield = Signed<AvailabilityBitfield>;

/// A set of signed availability bitfields. Should be sorted by validator index, ascending.
pub type SignedAvailabilityBitfields = Vec<SignedAvailabilityBitfield>;

/// A backed (or backable, depending on context) candidate.
#[derive(Encode, Decode, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, RuntimeDebug)]
pub struct BackedCandidate<H = Hash> {
	/// The candidate referred to.
	pub candidate: CommittedCandidateReceipt<H>,
	/// The validity votes themselves, expressed as signatures.
	pub validity_votes: Vec<ValidityAttestation>,
	/// The indices of the validators within the group, expressed as a bitfield.
	pub validator_indices: BitVec<bitvec::order::Lsb0, u8>,
}

impl<H> BackedCandidate<H> {
	/// Get a reference to the descriptor of the para.
	pub fn descriptor(&self) -> &CandidateDescriptor<H> {
		&self.candidate.descriptor
	}
}

/// Verify the backing of the given candidate.
///
/// Provide a lookup from the index of a validator within the group assigned to this para,
/// as opposed to the index of the validator within the overall validator set, as well as
/// the number of validators in the group.
///
/// Also provide the signing context.
///
/// Returns either an error, indicating that one of the signatures was invalid or that the index
/// was out-of-bounds, or the number of signatures checked.
pub fn check_candidate_backing<H: AsRef<[u8]> + Clone + Encode>(
	backed: &BackedCandidate<H>,
	signing_context: &SigningContext<H>,
	group_len: usize,
	validator_lookup: impl Fn(usize) -> Option<ValidatorId>,
) -> Result<usize, ()> {
	if backed.validator_indices.len() != group_len {
		return Err(())
	}

	if backed.validity_votes.len() > group_len {
		return Err(())
	}

	// this is known, even in runtime, to be blake2-256.
	let hash: Hash = backed.candidate.hash();

	let mut signed = 0;
	for ((val_in_group_idx, _), attestation) in backed.validator_indices.iter().enumerate()
		.filter(|(_, signed)| **signed)
		.zip(backed.validity_votes.iter())
	{
		let validator_id = validator_lookup(val_in_group_idx).ok_or(())?;
		let payload = attestation.signed_payload(hash.clone(), signing_context);
		let sig = attestation.signature();

		if sig.verify(&payload[..], &validator_id) {
			signed += 1;
		} else {
			return Err(())
		}
	}

	if signed != backed.validity_votes.len() {
		return Err(())
	}

	Ok(signed)
}

/// The unique (during session) index of a core.
#[derive(Encode, Decode, Default, PartialOrd, Ord, Eq, PartialEq, Clone, Copy)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "std", derive(Debug))]
pub struct CoreIndex(pub u32);

impl From<u32> for CoreIndex {
	fn from(i: u32) -> CoreIndex {
		CoreIndex(i)
	}
}

/// The unique (during session) index of a validator group.
#[derive(Encode, Decode, Default, Clone, Copy)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "std", derive(Eq, Hash, PartialEq, Debug))]
pub struct GroupIndex(pub u32);

impl From<u32> for GroupIndex {
	fn from(i: u32) -> GroupIndex {
		GroupIndex(i)
	}
}

/// A claim on authoring the next block for a given parathread.
#[derive(Clone, Encode, Decode, Default)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "std", derive(PartialEq, Debug))]
pub struct ParathreadClaim(pub Id, pub CollatorId);

/// An entry tracking a claim to ensure it does not pass the maximum number of retries.
#[derive(Clone, Encode, Decode, Default)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "std", derive(PartialEq, Debug))]
pub struct ParathreadEntry {
	/// The claim.
	pub claim: ParathreadClaim,
	/// Number of retries.
	pub retries: u32,
}

/// What is occupying a specific availability core.
#[derive(Clone, Encode, Decode)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "std", derive(PartialEq, Debug))]
pub enum CoreOccupied {
	/// A parathread.
	Parathread(ParathreadEntry),
	/// A parachain.
	Parachain,
}

/// The assignment type.
#[derive(Clone, Encode, Decode)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "std", derive(PartialEq, Debug))]
pub enum AssignmentKind {
	/// A parachain.
	Parachain,
	/// A parathread.
	Parathread(CollatorId, u32),
}

/// How a free core is scheduled to be assigned.
#[derive(Clone, Encode, Decode)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "std", derive(PartialEq, Debug))]
pub struct CoreAssignment {
	/// The core that is assigned.
	pub core: CoreIndex,
	/// The unique ID of the para that is assigned to the core.
	pub para_id: Id,
	/// The kind of the assignment.
	pub kind: AssignmentKind,
	/// The index of the validator group assigned to the core.
	pub group_idx: GroupIndex,
}

impl CoreAssignment {
	/// Get the ID of a collator who is required to collate this block.
	pub fn required_collator(&self) -> Option<&CollatorId> {
		match self.kind {
			AssignmentKind::Parachain => None,
			AssignmentKind::Parathread(ref id, _) => Some(id),
		}
	}

	/// Get the `CoreOccupied` from this.
	pub fn to_core_occupied(&self) -> CoreOccupied {
		match self.kind {
			AssignmentKind::Parachain => CoreOccupied::Parachain,
			AssignmentKind::Parathread(ref collator, retries) => CoreOccupied::Parathread(
				ParathreadEntry {
					claim: ParathreadClaim(self.para_id, collator.clone()),
					retries,
				}
			),
		}
	}
}

/// Validation data omitted from most candidate descriptor structs, as it can be derived from the
/// relay-parent.
#[derive(Clone, Encode, Decode)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "std", derive(PartialEq, Debug))]
pub struct OmittedValidationData {
	/// The global validation schedule.
	pub global_validation: GlobalValidationSchedule,
	/// The local validation data.
	pub local_validation: LocalValidationData,
}

/// This is the data we keep available for each candidate included in the relay chain.
#[derive(Clone, Encode, Decode)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "std", derive(PartialEq, Debug))]
pub struct AvailableData {
	/// The Proof-of-Validation of the candidate.
	pub pov: PoV,
	/// The omitted validation data.
	pub omitted_validation: OmittedValidationData,
}