Same as previous commit but for `ext_create`.

`ext_call` now takes a buffer (or more specifically, pointer  to the start of and size of a buffer).

This allows contracts to pass input data while calling into other contracts.

This allows the transaction initiator to pass some input data that can be accessed from the executed contract.

However, this only works for the top-level contract. The contract still cannot pass input data to the callee contract. The reason for that is that API doesn't support this presently.
This will be addressed in the following commits.

Specifically, make fixes that allows to use a function without arguments (apart from ctx).
For example:

```rust
ext_return_42(ctx) -> u32 => {
    Ok(42)
}
```

Also, add impl ConvertibleToWasm for u64.

There are several tests where gas was changed. This is due to shrinking
the name and consequently a size of contracts.

it is necessary to test.
You will probably have to create a cron-job for the nightly assembly of the master branch

image.

* Remove need for ident strings for storage items

* Fixes

* Fix tests

* Minor change to macro grammer

* Tabs instead of spaces.

* Remove double spaces.

* Add spaces between ID and the following {

* Update to nightly 2018-08-27

* Align wat code properly

* Misspelled words

* Update native_executor.rs

* Add block gas limit check

* Fix formatting

* Add block_gas_limit test.

* Use ExtBuilder in tests

* Docs and clean-up.

* Correct style

* more accurate consensus superseding logic

* mild revision to `can_build_on` logic

* fix a deadlock when spawning agreement as non-authority

* dropping BFT future before poll doesn't lead to service deadlock

* push cancel to BFTfuture rather than waiting for task

* Squashed commit.

New slashing mechanism (#554)  …
* Slashing improvements

- unstake when balance too low
- unstake after N slashes according to val prefs
- don't early-terminate session/era unless unstaked
- offline grace period before punishment
* Fix warning
* Cleanups and ensure slash_count decays
* Bump authoring version and introduce needed authoring stub
* Rename
* Fix offline tracker
* Fix offline tracker
* Renames
* Add test
* Tests
* Tests.
Remove accidental merge files.
Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/master' into gav-new-pos
Version bump, fixes (#572)  …
* Bump version, don't propose invalid blocks
* Fix build.
* Fixes.
* More fixes.
* Fix tests.
* Fix more tests
* More tests fixed
Fix merge
Fix accidental merge bug
Fixes.
Staking failsafes  …
- Don't slash/unstake/change session when too few staking participants
- Introduce set_balance PrivCall
Make minimum validator count dynamic.
test fixes
Fix tests.
Fix tests
Fix tests, update readme.
Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/master' into gav-new-pos
Test with release.
Use safe math when dealing with total stake
Fix test again.
Introduce events into runtime.
Fix tests
Add events for account new/reap
Integration-style tests for events.

* Remove old code

* New slashing mechanism (#554)

* Slashing improvements

- unstake when balance too low
- unstake after N slashes according to val prefs
- don't early-terminate session/era unless unstaked
- offline grace period before punishment

* Fix warning

* Cleanups and ensure slash_count decays

* Bump authoring version and introduce needed authoring stub

* Rename

* Fix offline tracker

* Fix offline tracker

* Renames

* Add test

* Tests

* Tests.

* Remove accidental merge files.

* Version bump, fixes (#572)

* Bump version, don't propose invalid blocks

* Fix build.

* Fixes.

* More fixes.

* Fix tests.

* Fix more tests

* More tests fixed

* Fix merge

* Fix accidental merge bug

* Fixes.

* Staking failsafes

- Don't slash/unstake/change session when too few staking participants
- Introduce set_balance PrivCall

* Make minimum validator count dynamic.

* test fixes

* Fix tests.

* Fix tests

* Fix tests, update readme.

* Test with release.

* Use safe math when dealing with total stake

* Fix test again.

* Fix grumbles.

* Convert T in vm::Ext to a associated type

* WIP

* Fix BTreeMap

* Extract prepare module from vm.

* Move tests as well.

* Fix doc comment.

* macro for env defintion

* Fix prepare tests.

* Clean up

* Renamings

* Refactor scan_imports

* Improve docs

* Docs.

* Add some tests for sandbox module

* Clean up

* Use Error::Instantiate instead of ::Deserialize

* Add test for imports

* Add wrong sig import

* Clean up

* Rebuild binaries.

* Use "another_module" instead of obscure "vne"

Since "vne" looks like an actual typo

git grep -l 'This file is part of Polkadot' | xargs sed -i 's/This file is part of Polkadot/This file is part of Substrate/g'
    git grep -l 'Polkadot is free software' | xargs sed -i 's/Polkadot is free software/Substrate is free software/g'
    git grep -l 'Polkadot is distributed in the hope' | xargs sed -i 's/Polkadot is distributed in the hope/Substrate is distributed in the hope/g'
    git grep -l 'along with Polkadot' | xargs sed -i 's/along with Polkadot/along with Substrate/g'

* Return hash for given block number.

* Add some tests.

* Fix re-import.

Sergey Pepyakin authored Aug 25, 2018 and asynchronous rob committed Aug 25, 2018

* Don't use --export-table anymore

Because it was turned on by default in the recent nightlies.

See https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/53237

* use_extern_macros stabilization

With recent nightlies rustc produces a warning

```
the feature `use_extern_macros` has been stable since 1.30.0 and no longer requires an attribute to enable
```

Tomasz Drwięga authored Aug 25, 2018 and asynchronous rob committed Aug 25, 2018

* Allow replacing transactions.

* Clear old transactions and ban them temporarily.

* Move to a separate module and add some tests.

* Add bound to banned transactions.

* Remove unnecessary block and double PoolRotator.

* Fix logging

* Add error info

- Use blake2 instead of xxhash for guaranteed safety
- Simplify by caching the version rather than the compatibility
- Additional logging

asynchronous rob authored Aug 17, 2018 and Arkadiy Paronyan committed Aug 17, 2018

* keep rounds consistent when encountering bad block

* fix interval logic

* Fixed indentation