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chainHead: Report unique hashes for pruned blocks (#3667)
Alexandru Vasile authored 
This PR ensures that the reported pruned blocks are unique.

While at it, ensure that the best block event is properly generated when
the last best block is a fork that will be pruned in the future.

To achieve this, the chainHead keeps a LRU set of reported pruned blocks
to ensure the following are not reported twice:

```bash
	 finalized -> block 1 -> block 2 -> block 3
	
	                      -> block 2 -> block 4 -> block 5
	
	           -> block 1 -> block 2_f -> block 6 -> block 7 -> block 8
```

When block 7 is finalized the branch [block 2; block 3] is reported as
pruned.
When block 8 is finalized the branch [block 2; block 4; block 5] should
be reported as pruned, however block 2 was already reported as pruned at
the previous step.

This is a side-effect of the pruned blocks being reported at level N -
1. For example, if all pruned forks would be reported with the first
encounter (when block 6 is finalized we know that block 3 and block 5
are stale), we would not need the LRU cache.

cc @paritytech/subxt-team  

Closes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3658

---------

Signed-off-by: default avatarAlexandru Vasile <alexandru.vasile@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: default avatarSebastian Kunert <skunert49@gmail.com>
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README.md

NOTE: We have recently made significant changes to our repository structure. In order to streamline our development process and foster better contributions, we have merged three separate repositories Cumulus, Substrate and Polkadot into this repository. Read more about the changes here.

Polkadot SDK

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The Polkadot SDK repository provides all the resources needed to start building on the Polkadot network, a multi-chain blockchain platform that enables different blockchains to interoperate and share information in a secure and scalable way. The Polkadot SDK comprises three main pieces of software:

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Implementation of a node for the https://polkadot.network in Rust, using the Substrate framework. This directory currently contains runtimes for the Westend and Rococo test networks. Polkadot, Kusama and their system chain runtimes are located in the runtimes repository maintained by the Polkadot Technical Fellowship.

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