* Add KEY_KIND_ID to the public trait

This change is being introduced for the purpose of identifying a public
key with it's identifier and algorithm "kind".

* Use `sign_with` as implemented in BareCryptoStore

* Implement `sign_with` in sc_keystore

* Fix inconsistencies, use *_KIND_ID in sp_core testing

* Rename KeyKindId to CryptoTypeId

* Remove pair-returning functions from BareCryptoStore trait

* Define CryptoTypeId in app-crypto macros

* Add functions to get keys supported by keystore

* Fix sign_with signature to include CryptoTypePublicPair

* Add `sign_with_any` and `sign_with_all`

* Use keystore.sign_with in auth_discovery

* Rename get_supported_keys -> supported_keys

* Added headers to function docstrings

* Use chain instead of extending a temp vector

* Fixed some code formatting

* Restrict size of CryptoTypeId

This is to be able to use Encode/Decode derives and the overcome having
the size being unknown at compile-time.

* Implement sign_with in the trait itself

* Remove whitespace

* Use key_type also as a CryptoTypeId in app_crypto macros

* Rename `get_keys` to `keys` in BareCryptoStore

* Remove usage of key_pair funcs in tests

* Adjust docstring for *_CYPTO_ID constants

* Fix failures

* Simplify mapping on keys

* Remove one let

* Fixed typo

* PR feedback

* remove whitespace

* Zip keys and signatures

* Use into_iter & remove cloned

* Pass index to MissingSignature

* Use typed errors instead of strings for BareCryptoStore

* Implement Debug for trait error

* Use hashsets for better performance for supported_keys

* Make sure keys are inserted into the keystore

* Make sign_with_all return type consistent with `sign_with`

* Rename Error to BareCryptoStoreError

* Rename CRYPT_TYPE_ID -> CRYPTO_ID

* Remove unnecessary CRYPTO_ID declaration in Public trait

* Convert pub key to CryptoTypePublicPair

* Fix use

* Fix code style

* Implement From on CryptoTypePublicPair in app_crypto macros

* Change CryptoTypePublicPair to a struct

* Implement Display on CryptoTypePublicPair

* Pass CryptoTypePublicPair to MissingSignature error

* Adjust docs according to function signature

* Unify keys implementation

* Fix RPC author tests

* Fix stackoverflow

* Tabify spaces

* Pass KeyTypeId to error for easier debugging

* Fix asserts

* Use ToHex to format public key

* Use constants from sp_core

* Rename testing KeyTypeId constants

* Please compiler

* Restore KeyTypeId names

apparently, they're not only used in tests

* Use BareCryptoStoreError instead of String

* Document return value

* Fix borrow check

* Convert to hashset internally

* WIP - iter_keys

* Return raw_public_keys

* Address PR feedback

* Address PR Feedback

* Fix hexdisplay import error

* Update primitives/core/src/traits.rs

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <bkchr@users.noreply.github.com>

* Make transactions and block announces use notifications

* Add documentation

* Add docs.rs metadata to all cargo.toml files

* Remove docs.rs metada in substrate's cargo.toml

The signal handler will be reset to the default system one. This means
the program will be exited instead of panicking. This is required to
support piping in the console.

* Extend PerThing + Saturating

* Add saturating_pow to Saturating
* Add saturating_truncating_mul to PerThing (rounding-down mul)
* Add saturating_reciprocal_mul to PerThing (divide x by perthing)
* Provide default methods where possible

* Restore const functions

* Fix test

* Update primitives/arithmetic/src/per_things.rs

Co-Authored-By: Kian Paimani <5588131+kianenigma@users.noreply.github.com>

* Add comment and test verifying no overflow

* Formatting

* Fix possible overflow and change type constraint

* Use overflow pruning for all mul

* Formatting and comments

* Improve comments and names

* Comments in `rational_mul_correction` explain overflow aversion.

* Test rational_mul_correction

* Formatting

* Docs and formatting

* Add new trait methods to Perthing type impl

* Fix signature

* saturating_pow for Delegations

* Add missing trait method to impl

Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <5588131+kianenigma@users.noreply.github.com>

* Provide easy conversions from common key types to `AccountId32`

* Fix spaces instead of tabs

* hide metadata function for non generic event

* add doc for decl_storage

* Enable `wasmtime` only for `x86_64` in substrate node

When using the new feature of cargo `cargo build -Z features=itarget`,
the `wasmtime` feature will not bleed into the build for other
architectures.

* Use new cargo feature in CI

* Update CONTRIBUTING.adoc

* Update docs/CONTRIBUTING.adoc

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <bkchr@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update docs/CONTRIBUTING.adoc

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <bkchr@users.noreply.github.com>

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <bkchr@users.noreply.github.com>

This removes the requirement to import `PerThing` to use a type that
implements the trait.

* adds state_queryStorageAt

* make at param for query_storage_at optional

* Update client/rpc/src/state/state_full.rs

Co-Authored-By: Tomasz Drwięga <tomusdrw@users.noreply.github.com>

* adds query_storage_at to StateBackend

Co-authored-by: Tomasz Drwięga <tomusdrw@users.noreply.github.com>

* Initial skeleton for offchain phragmen

* Basic compact encoding decoding for results

* add compact files

* Bring back Self::ensure_storage_upgraded();

* Make staking use compact stuff.

* First seemingly working version of reduce, full of todos

* Everything phragmen related works again.

* Signing made easier, still issues.

* Signing from offchain compile fine 

* make compact work with staked asssignment

* Evaluation basics are in place.

* Move reduce into crate. Document stuff

* move reduce into no_std

* Add files

* Remove other std deps. Runtime compiles

* Seemingly it is al stable; cycle implemented but not integrated.

* Add fuzzing code.

* Cleanup reduce a bit more.

* a metric ton of tests for staking; wip 

* Implement a lot more of the tests.

* wip getting the unsigned stuff to work

* A bit gleanup for unsigned debug

* Clean and finalize compact code.

* Document reduce.

* Still problems with signing

* We officaly duct taped the transaction submission stuff. 

* Deadlock with keys again

* Runtime builds

* Unsigned test works 

* Some cleanups

* Make all the tests compile and stuff

* Minor cleanup

* fix more merge stuff

* Most tests work again.

* a very nasty bug in reduce

* Fix all integrations

* Fix more todos

* Revamp everything and everything

* Remove bogus test

* Some review grumbles.

* Some fixes

* Fix doc test

* loop for submission

* Fix cli, keyring etc.

* some cleanup

* Fix staking tests again

* fix per-things; bring patches from benchmarking

* better score prediction

* Add fuzzer, more patches.

* Some fixes

* More docs

* Remove unused generics

* Remove max-nominator footgun

* Better fuzzer

* Disable it 



* Bump.

* Another round of self-review

* Refactor a lot

* More major fixes in perThing

* Add new fuzz file

* Update lock

* fix fuzzing code.

* Fix nominator retain test

* Add slashing check

* Update frame/staking/src/tests.rs

Co-Authored-By: Joshy Orndorff <JoshOrndorff@users.noreply.github.com>

* Some formatting nits

* Review comments.

* Fix cargo file

* Almost all tests work again

* Update frame/staking/src/tests.rs

Co-Authored-By: thiolliere <gui.thiolliere@gmail.com>

* Fix review comments

* More review stuff

* Some nits

* Fix new staking / session / babe relation

* Update primitives/phragmen/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: thiolliere <gui.thiolliere@gmail.com>

* Update primitives/phragmen/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: thiolliere <gui.thiolliere@gmail.com>

* Update primitives/phragmen/compact/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: thiolliere <gui.thiolliere@gmail.com>

* Some doc updates to slashing

* Fix derive

* Remove imports

* Remove unimplemented tests

* nits

* Remove dbg

* Better fuzzing params

* Remove unused pref map

* Deferred Slashing/Offence for offchain Phragmen  (#5151)

* Some boilerplate

* Add test

* One more test

* Review comments

* Fix build

* review comments

* fix more

* fix build

* Some cleanups and self-reviews

* More minor self reviews

* Final nits

* Some merge fixes.

* opt comment

* Fix build

* Fix build again.

* Update frame/staking/fuzz/fuzz_targets/submit_solution.rs

Co-Authored-By: Gavin Wood <gavin@parity.io>

* Update frame/staking/src/slashing.rs

Co-Authored-By: Gavin Wood <gavin@parity.io>

* Update frame/staking/src/offchain_election.rs

Co-Authored-By: Gavin Wood <gavin@parity.io>

* Fix review comments

* fix test

* === 

 Revamp without staking key.

* final round of changes.

* Fix cargo-deny

* Update frame/staking/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Gavin Wood <gavin@parity.io>

Co-authored-by: Joshy Orndorff <JoshOrndorff@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: thiolliere <gui.thiolliere@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Gavin Wood <gavin@parity.io>

* client/finality-grandpa/src/until_imported: Refactor schedule_wait

Previously `BlockUntilImported::schedule_wait` took two closures, one to
report ready items and one to report items to await. None of the implementors of
`BlockUntilImported` call both closures. From a symantic perspective it
would as well not make sense to both await something and state that it
is ready.

Instead with this commit `BlockUntilImported::schedule_wait` simply
returns whether the given item needs waiting or is ready to be passed
on.

This reduces complexity by:

- Removing side effects through the two closures.

- Reducing borrowing given that `UntilImported` `ready` and `pending`
don't need to be borrowed from within the two closures.

- Removes the need for trait bounds for the two closures.

* client/finality-grandpa/src/until_imported: Fix comments

Co-Authored-By: André Silva <andre.beat@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: André Silva <andre.beat@gmail.com>

* Improve sc-network's documentation for network protocols

* Add note about protocol id

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-Authored-By: Max Inden <mail@max-inden.de>

Co-authored-by: Max Inden <mail@max-inden.de>

* Add origin bounds to benchmark macro.

* Add democracy benchmark.

* Fix tests

* Remove collective from frame/benchmarking, partially use EnsureOrigin.

* Remove collective stuff.

* Make previous benches compile again.

* Remove comments.

* Make prev bench to work again.

* Add remove votes.

* Add new proxy calls.

* Add runtime-benchmarks guard to EnsureOrigin and implementations.

* Refactor.

* Add missing import.

* Remove duplicated import

* Fix features.

* Add some missing features.

* Update frame/collective/Cargo.toml

Co-Authored-By: Kian Paimani <5588131+kianenigma@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update frame/democracy/src/benchmarking.rs

Co-Authored-By: Kian Paimani <5588131+kianenigma@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update frame/democracy/src/benchmarking.rs

Co-Authored-By: Kian Paimani <5588131+kianenigma@users.noreply.github.com>

* Add referendums to state.

* populate vecs before call

* Update weight docs

* More fixes and weight docs

* More updates

Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <5588131+kianenigma@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Shawn Tabrizi <shawntabrizi@gmail.com>

* Disallow default weight

* Fix build and test

* Fix tests

* Fix another beloved ui test.

* fix beloved trybuild tests

* fix treasury?

* Final test fix

* Fix build

* Fix another one

* Fix

* More doctest fix

* contracts: Remove OnKilledAccount implementation

Contracts now longer rely on this callback to tell them when they
are removed. Instead, they can only self destruct  using `ext_terminate`.

* Fix account removal test

* Fix account storage removal

* add new trait, still migration to make

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-Authored-By: Kian Paimani <5588131+kianenigma@users.noreply.github.com>

* implement migration

* better naming

* fix test

* no longer require DeprecatedTime

* add test

* fix version

* upgrade only from kusama

* add test

* fix test

* Update frame/timestamp/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <bkchr@users.noreply.github.com>

Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <5588131+kianenigma@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <bkchr@users.noreply.github.com>

* Make AccountId32 hashable

* Only implement Hash in std

Co-Authored-By: Nikolay Volf <nikvolf@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: Nikolay Volf <nikvolf@gmail.com>

* Allow syncing to peers with finalized common block

* Added test

* Check for url validity when creating TelemetryEndpoints

* Update code that used TelemetryEndpoints::new()

* Update commennts that referred to TelemetryEndpoints::new()

* Add tests for telemetry

* Fix typo and fix code in docs

* Return error on failing to override telemetry

* Use expect instead of suppressing errors on must-be-valid telemetry endpoints

* Update telemetry unit tests to use expect instead of unwrap

* Implement custom deserializer for TelemetryEndpoints

* Fix typo

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <bkchr@users.noreply.github.com>

* client/finality-grandpa/src/until_imported: Refactor BlockGlobalMessage

`BlockGlobalMessage` owns an `inner` which contains (1) a count for the
amount of outstanding blocks to be waited on and (2) the message itself.

Given that both is already wrapped in an `Arc` there is no need to keep
track of the outstanding blocks, given that it simply corresponds to the
amount of strong reference counts on the `Arc` itself.

This commit removes the atomic counter within `inner` and piggy backs on
the `Arc` reference counter instead.

* client/finality-grandpa/src/until_imported: Remove useless match

* client/finality-grandpa/src/until_imported.rs: Remove unused var

Co-Authored-By: André Silva <andre.beat@gmail.com>

* client/finality-grandpa/src/until_imported: Address comment suggestion

Co-authored-by: André Silva <andre.beat@gmail.com>

* delias outer node template

* dealias pallet template

* Fix mock

* attempt to fix warning

* Revert "attempt to fix warning"

This reverts commit 3d39142b877fb7ae2bd9bd0b31442a00d4c8f0bf.

* Add call to test interface.

* primitives: add missing cargo metadata to sp-arithmetic-fuzzer

* ci: add sp-arithmetic-fuzzer to unleash skip list

* always depend on latest alpha version

* integrate arithmetic fuzzer into root workspace

* WiP

* Support source in the runtime API.

* Finish implementation in txpool.

* Fix warning.

* Fix tests.

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-Authored-By: Kian Paimani <5588131+kianenigma@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-Authored-By: Nikolay Volf <nikvolf@gmail.com>

* Extra changes.

* Fix test and benches.

* fix test

* Fix test & benches again.

* Fix tests.

* Update bumpalo

* Fix doc test.

* Fix doctest.

* Fix doctest.

Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <5588131+kianenigma@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Nikolay Volf <nikvolf@gmail.com>

* fix propagation in network

* Update client/service/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <bkchr@users.noreply.github.com>

* fix suggestion

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <bkchr@users.noreply.github.com>

on_initialize return weight consumed and default cost to default DispatchInfo instead of zero (#5382)

* frame update

* doc

* move offchain worker trait also

* fix weigh merge

* indentation

* reorder for better git diff

* comment

* fix benchmark

* remove test