* Make it possible to calculate the storage as often as you want

So, until now each Substrate based blockchain has calculated the storage
root once, at the end of the block. Now there is Frontier that wants to
calculate some intermediate storage root. However this failed on block
import. The problem with that was the extrinsics root. When building the
block we stored `Default::default()` as extrinsics root, because yeah,
we don't know the extrinsics root before finishing the block. At the end
this extrinsics root was then calculated. But on block import we passed
the already known extrinsics root. This was no problem, as we removed
this value at the end of the block. However when you all the storage
root in between, that changes the storage root between block building
and block import.

This pr changes this behavior. It removes the `ExtrinsicsRoot` storage
entry and also doesn't pass it anymore to `System::initialize`. By doing
it, we remove the difference in the storage and fix the storage root mismatch.

* Fix bug with incorrectly calculating the extrinscs root

* Review feedback

* Basic weights builder.

* Fixing WiP

* Make the tests work.

* Fix weights in node/runtime.

* WiP.

* Update pallets with new weights parameters.

* Validate returns a Result now.

* Count mandatory weight separately.

* DRY

* BREAKING: Updating state root, because of the left-over weight-tracking stuff

* Update tests affected by Mandatory tracking.

* Fixing tests.

* Fix defaults for simple_max

* Update frame/system/src/weights.rs

Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>

* Rework the API a bit.

* Fix compilation & tests.

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>

* Add extra docs & rename few things.

* Fix whitespace in ASCII art.

* Update frame/system/src/limits.rs

Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>

* Fix max_extrinsic calculations.

* Fix conflicts.

* Fix compilation.

* Fix new code.

* re-remove generic asset

* Fix usage.

* Update state root.

* Update proxy.

* Fix tests.

* Move weights validity to integrity_test

* Remove redundant BlockWeights.

* Add all/non_mandatory comment

* Add test.

* Remove fn block_weights

* Make the macro prettier.

* Fix some docs.

* Make max_total behave more predictabily.

* Add BlockWeights to metadata.

* fix balances test

* Fix utility test.

Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Shawn Tabrizi <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Benjamin Kampmann <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: thiolliere <[email protected]>

* rename Trait to Config

* add test asserting using Trait is still valid.

* fix ui tests

* Try to get it compiling

* One more

* Make stable happy

* Make stable even more happy ;)

* Update shell.nix

* babe: make secondary slot randomness available on-chain

* babe: extract out vrf_output function

* babe: add missing comment

* babe: fix incorrectly storing primary randomness

* babe: add test for onchain author vrf

* babe: fix reviewer nits

* runtime: bump spec_version

* babe: remove outer Option for AuthorVrfRandomness

* babe: fix reviewer nits on doc strings

* babe: move make_vrf_output to mock.rs

* babe: cleanup docs

* babe: kill ephemeral entry instead of take

* babe: use type alias for maybe randomness

Co-authored-by: André Silva <[email protected]>

* Refactor CurrencyToVote to avoid calls to total_issuance.

* Update frame/support/src/traits.rs

Co-authored-by: Guillaume Thiolliere <[email protected]>

* Some grumbles

* Fix last grumbles.

* Fix comment

* Final fix

Co-authored-by: Guillaume Thiolliere <[email protected]>

* Mockup

* Fix offchain election to respect the weight

* Fix builds a bit

* Update frame/staking/src/offchain_election.rs

Co-authored-by: Shawn Tabrizi <[email protected]>

* Update frame/staking/src/offchain_election.rs

Co-authored-by: Shawn Tabrizi <[email protected]>

* Make it build, binary search

* Fix a number of grumbles

* one more fix.

* remove unwrap.

* better alg.

* Better alg again.

* Final fixes

* Fix

* Rollback to normal

* Final touches.

* Better tests.

* Update frame/staking/src/lib.rs

Co-authored-by: Guillaume Thiolliere <[email protected]>

* Proper maxExtWeight

* Final fix

* Final fix for the find_voter

Co-authored-by: Shawn Tabrizi <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Guillaume Thiolliere <[email protected]>

Tagging the release of substrate 2.0


[ci: skip-checks]

* Rename `ModuleToIndex` to `PalletRuntimeSetup`

Besides the renaming it also adds support getting the name of a pallet
as configured in the runtime.

* Rename it to `PalletInfo`

* Remove accidentally added files

* Re-generate READMEs to fix doc links; set readme field in package manifests

* Re-generate READMEs to fix doc links; set readme field in package manifests

* Re-generate READMEs to fix doc links; set readme field in package manifests

* Re-generate READMEs to fix doc links; set readme field in package manifests

* Revert stuff that shouldn't have been committed

* Revert stuff that shouldn't have been committed

* Fix parent relative link generation

* Manually remove this incorrect link for now.

* Add `WeightInfo` to Babe Pallet

* Also grandpa

* Update frame/grandpa/src/default_weights.rs

Co-authored-by: André Silva <[email protected]>

Co-authored-by: André Silva <[email protected]>

* whitelist caller in benchmarks

* remove unused component

* Add benchmark weights

* Remove `weightinfo` for `offences`

* WeightInfo for Vesting Pallet

* clean up weight docs

* Update lib.rs

* try to pipe max locks

* Update for new type

* add warning when locks > MaxLocks

* Update lib.rs

* fix compile

* remove aliasing, fix trait def

* Update

* babe: waive fees on report_equivocation

* grandpa: waive fees on report_equivocation

* babe: add test for fee waiving on valid equivocation report

* grandpa: add test for fee waiving on valid equivocation report

* grandpa: remove stray comment

* babe: fix report_equivocation weight

* node: bump spec_version

* babe: fix floor in report_equivocation weight calculation

Co-authored-by: Gavin Wood <[email protected]>

* grandpa: fix floor in report_equivocation weight calculation

* babe, grandpa: add test for weight_for::report_equivocation

Co-authored-by: Gavin Wood <[email protected]>

* Bump version

* update test-utils crates to be ready for publishing

* adding changelog

* Adding automaticly generated READMEs

* fixing versions

* another version mishap

This updates parity-scale-codec{-derive} to prepare for a rustc release
that would otherwise break the derive implementation:
https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/73084

* Bumping to rc5

* Revert "Bumping to rc5"

This reverts commit 5a63a8230e5a12db1b4ce4ac62e4967c52291da7.

* Bumping for rc5, correctly this time

* Unused import in no_std builds
* Global attribute in non-root of a crate

* Start adding weight info

* More weightinfo

* finish weight info

* more fixes

* inital update of node runtime

* fix the rest of the compilation

* update balances

* add docs

* fix balances tests

* Fix more tests

* Fix compile

* Fix pallet-evm tests

* slots: create primitives crate for consensus slots

* offences: add method to check if an offence is unknown

* babe: initial equivocation reporting implementation

* babe: organize imports

* babe: working equivocation reporting

* babe: add slot number to equivocation proof

* session: move duplicate traits to session primitives

* babe: move equivocation stuff to its own file

* offences: fix test

* session: don't have primitives depend on frame_support

* babe: use opaque type for key owner proof

* babe: cleanup client equivocation reporting

* babe: cleanup equivocation code in pallet

* babe: allow sending signed equivocation reports

* node: fix compilation

* fix test compilation

* babe: return bool on check_equivocation_proof

* babe: add test for equivocation reporting

* babe: add more tests

* babe: add test for validate unsigned

* babe: take slot number in generate_key_ownership_proof API

* babe: add benchmark for equivocation proof checking

* session: add benchmark for membership proof checking

* offences: fix babe benchmark

* babe: add weights based on benchmark results

* babe: adjust weights after benchmarking on reference hardware

* babe: reorder checks in check_and_report_equivocation

Co-authored-by: Martin Pugh <[email protected]>

* Validate encoding of extrinsics passed to runtime

* Bump codec version explicitly

* impl filter in origin

* remove IsCallable usage. Breaking: utility::batch(root, calls) no longer bypass BasicCallFilter

* rename BasicCallFilter -> BaseCallFilter

* refactor code

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>

* remove forgotten temporar comment

* better add suggestion in another PR

* refactor: use Clone instead of mem::replace

* fix tests

* fix tests

* fix tests

* fix benchmarks

* Make root bypass filter in utility::batch

* fix unused imports

Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>

* Add notes about safe uses of twox

* Update frame/grandpa/src/lib.rs

Co-authored-by: Nikolay Volf <[email protected]>

* Update frame/elections/src/lib.rs

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Gavin Wood <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Nikolay Volf <[email protected]>

* Make planning epoch config change in BABE easier

* Bump node runtime version

* Update frame/babe/src/lib.rs

Co-authored-by: André Silva <[email protected]>

* BabeEpochConfiguration -> NextConfigDescriptor

* Add tests for babe config changes

Co-authored-by: André Silva <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: André Silva <[email protected]>

* Only check single extrinsics weight limit in validate_transaction.

* Add missing parameter to all pallets.

* Add tests, fix default configuration.

* Bump spec version.

* Use AvailableBlockRation to calculate MaxExtrinsicWeight

* really rough mock runtime

* start to work on offences

* Make sure to start the session.

* Update to latest master.

* Add verify.

* Fix on_initialize benchmark.

* Add grandpa offence.

* Add Babe offence benchmarking.

* Enable babe test.

* Address review grumbles.

* Address review grumbles.

* Address review grumbles part 1/2

* use currency trait

* features

* Check events explicitly.

* Auto-impl tuple converter.

* Removed dead code.

* add test feature flag

* dont use std

Co-authored-by: Shawn Tabrizi <[email protected]>

* vrf: remove Raw* types

* babe: remove Raw* types

* pallet-babe: switch representation of RawVRFOutput to Randomness

* pallet-babe: calculate inout within the pallet

* Remove make_transcript duplication

* Bump spec version

* Fix frame tests

* and_then -> map

* Always enable u64_backend

* Fix nostd compile

* fix import: should not use std

* Remove unused definition of RawVRFOutput

* Remove unused import of RuntimeDebug

Co-authored-by: Gavin Wood <[email protected]>

* Introduce `BlockExectionWeight` and `ExtrinsicBaseWeight`

* Add new traits everywhere

* Missed one update

* fix tests

* Update `check_weight` logic

* introduce `max_extrinsic_weight` function

* fix + add tests

* format nits

* remove println

* make test a bit more clear

* Remove minimum weight

* newlines left over from find/replace

* Fix test, improve clarity

* Fix executor tests

* Extrinsic base weight same as old `MINIMUM_WEIGHT`

* fix example test

* Expose constants

* Add test for full block with operational and normal

* Initiate test environment with `BlockExecutionWeight` weight

* format nit

* Update frame/system/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>

* Replace `TransactionBaseFee` with `ExtrinsicBaseWeight` (#5761)

* Replace `TransactionBaseFee` with `ExtrinsicBaseFee`

* Fix stuff

* Fix and make tests better

* Forgot to update this test

* Fix priority number in test

* Remove minimum weight from merge

* Fix weight in contracts

* remove `TransactionBaseFee` from contract tests

* Let `register_extra_weight_unchecked` go past `MaximumBlockWeight`

* address feedback

Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>