This fixes the behaviour of `Linear` which is the default implementation
of the `AdaptPrice` trait in the broker pallet. Previously if cores were
offered but not sold in only one sale, the price would be set to zero
and due to the logic being purely multiplicative, the price would stay
at 0 indefinitely.

This could be further paired with a configurable minimum in the broker
pallet itself, which will be a future PR.

This affects the Rococo and Westend Coretime chains, but Kusama has a
different implementation so this isn't required for the Kusama launch. I
actually thought I opened this a while ago.

---------

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

This documentation guide to address an incorrect exchange rate for a
non-withdrawable pool.

## Context

Implementing `HolderOf(collection_id)` we have observed a fancy glitch
where pallet deposits event with incorrect values

### Test case 

[Observe following
extrinsic](https://assethub-polkadot.subscan.io/extrinsic/0xdc72321b7674aa209c2f194ed49bd6bd12708af103f98b5b9196e0132dcba777)

To mint in collection `51` user needs to be `HolderOf(50)`.
Therefore current user is owner of item `394` `witness_data {
owned_item: 394 }`

All checking is done correctly, storage is updated correctly

 
![photo_2023-12-18 16 07
11](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/assets/22471030/ca991272-156d-4db1-97b2-1a2873fc5d3f)

However the event which is emitted does not make semantic sense as we
updated storage for `50-394` not for `51-114`

![photo_2023-12-18 16 07
17](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/assets/22471030/c998a92c-e306-4433-aad8-103078140e23)

## The fix 

This PR fixes that depositing `PalletAttributeSet` emits correct values.

---------

Co-authored-by: Jegor Sidorenko <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Jegor Sidorenko <[email protected]>

This PR replaces the usage of
[secp256k](https://crates.io/crates/secp256k1) crate with
[k256](https://crates.io/crates/k256) in `core::crypto::ecdsa` for
`non-std` environments as outcome of discussion in #3448.

`secp256k1` is used in `std`, meaning that we should not affect host
performance with this PR.
`k256` is enabled in runtimes (`no-std`), and is required to proceed
with #2044.

If desirable, in future we can switch to `k256` also for `std`. That
would require some performance evaluation (e.g. for EVM chains as per
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3448#issuecomment-1976780391).

Closes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3448

---------

Co-authored-by: command-bot <>
Co-authored-by: Davide Galassi <[email protected]>

Signed-off-by: cuinix <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>

Rustfmt will add a trailing comma for longer expression, this change
will make sure that the Range parameters can still be parsed.

---------

Co-authored-by: command-bot <>
Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <[email protected]>

ApiVersion should have been bumped with
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/3606
this does that and add a test so we don't forget to do that everytime

Closes #376

---------

Co-authored-by: command-bot <>

Oversight from PR https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/3384.
These 2 functions should have been tagged as stable

Unfortunately, the flakiness wasn't fixed by
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/3595. Let's disable the
test in the meanwhile since it is hanging on the CI a lot.

---------

Co-authored-by: Liam Aharon <[email protected]>

This is not maintained, and we should be able to get information
from the release changelog

substrate.io deprecation companion:
https://github.com/substrate-developer-hub/substrate-docs/pull/2139
pba-content companion:
https://github.com/Polkadot-Blockchain-Academy/pba-content/pull/978

partially inspired by:
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3535

---------

Co-authored-by: Ankan <[email protected]>

Moves [substrate-bip39](https://github.com/paritytech/substrate-bip39)
into substrate. All git history is preserved. Dependencies have been
updated to use the same version as the rest of the repo.

Fixes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/1934.

---------

Co-authored-by: Maciej Hirsz <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Maciej Hirsz <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Gav Wood <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Stanislav Tkach <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Robert Habermeier <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Pierre Krieger <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Demi M. Obenour <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: NikVolf <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Benjamin Kampmann <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Maciej Hirsz <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: cheme <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: adoerr <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Jun Jiang <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Dan Shields <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Michal Kucharczyk <[email protected]>

Currently, pool member funds cannot be unbonded if the depositor's stake
is less than `MinNominatorBond`. This usually happens after
`T::MinNominatorBond` is increased.

To fix this, the above mentioned condition is added as a case for
permissionless dispatch of `chill`. After pool is chilled, pool members
can unbond their funds since pool won't be nominating anymore.

Consequently, same check is added to `nominate` call, i.e pool can not
start nominating if it's depositor does not have `MinNominatorBond`

cc @Ank4n @Kianenigma

 

closes #2350

Polkadot address: 16FqwPZ8GRC5U5D4Fu7W33nA55ZXzXGWHwmbnE1eT6pxuqcT

---------

Co-authored-by: Ankan <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Gonçalo Pestana <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>

In order to prepare for PolkaVM support I removed the wat support from
our test fixture crate.

- Removed redundant tests (invalid module checks are already inside the
prepare module where they belong
- Converted the gas_sync tests to Rust
- Moved the start function test to the `wasm` module

Co-authored-by: Cyrill Leutwiler <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>
Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <[email protected]>

This PR extends the Initialized event of the chainHead_follow
subscription.

Now, the event provides multiple finalized block hashes. This
information allows clients that are disconnected, and that want to
reconnect, to not lose information about the state of the chain.

At the moment, the spec encourages servers to provide at least 1 minute
of finalized blocks (~10 blocks). The users are responsible for
unpinning these blocks at a later time. This PR tries to report at least
1 finalized block and at most 16 blocks, if they are available.


Closes: https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3432
cc @paritytech/subxt-team

---------

Signed-off-by: Alexandru Vasile <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Niklas Adolfsson <[email protected]>

Hopefully helps with test flakiness.

This PR makes `sc-network-sync` types public following
[this](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3556) issue.

Fixes #3556

Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <[email protected]>

Closes: #3196

---------

Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: PG Herveou <[email protected]>

Changes:
- `QueueFootprint` gets a new field; `ready_pages` that contains the
non-overweight and not yet processed pages.
- `XCMP` queue pallet is change to use the `ready_pages` instead of
`pages` to calculate the channel suspension thresholds.

This should give the XCMP queue pallet a more correct view of when to
suspend channels.

---------

Signed-off-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>

# Description

Removed deprecated type `GenesisConfig` from the codebase.

Closes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/175

# Checklist

- [x] My PR includes a detailed description as outlined in the
"Description" section above
- [x] My PR follows the [labeling requirements](CONTRIBUTING.md#Process)
of this project (at minimum one label for `T`
  required)
- [x] I have made corresponding changes to the documentation (if
applicable)

---------

Co-authored-by: Liam Aharon <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Michal Kucharczyk <[email protected]>

The first step towards
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3155

Brings all templates under the following structure

```
templates
|   parachain
|   |   polkadot-launch
|   |   runtime              --> parachain-template-runtime
|   |   pallets              --> pallet-parachain-template
|   |   node                 --> parachain-template-node
|   minimal
|   |   runtime              --> minimal-template-runtime
|   |   pallets              --> pallet-minimal-template
|   |   node                 --> minimal-template-node
|   solochain
|   |   runtime              --> solochain-template-runtime
|   |   pallets              --> pallet-template (the naming is not consistent here)
|   |   node                 --> solochain-template-node
```

The only note-worthy changes in this PR are: 

- More `Cargo.toml` fields are forwarded to use the one from the
workspace.
- parachain template now has weights and benchmarks
- adds a shell pallet to the minimal template
- remove a few unused deps 


A list of possible follow-ups: 

- [ ] Unify READMEs, create a parent README for all
- [ ] remove references to `docs.substrate.io` in templates
- [ ] make all templates use `#[derive_impl]`
- [ ] update and unify all licenses
- [ ] Remove polkadot launch, use
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/blob/35349df9/cumulus/zombienet/examples/small_network.toml
instead.

Part of #3326 
This one is easier as all the storage items are public. 

@ggwpez @Kianenigma @shawntabrizi



---------

Signed-off-by: Matteo Muraca <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Liam Aharon <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>
Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>

Fixes failures like:
https://gitlab.parity.io/parity/mirrors/polkadot-sdk/-/jobs/5436619#L3319

After some discussion with @kogeler

 after the we added the rate-limit
middleware it may slow down
the rpc call timings metrics significantly because it works as follows:

1. The rate limit guard is checked when the call comes and if a slot is
available -> process the call
2. If no free spot is available then the call will be sleeping
`jitter_delay + min_time_rate_guard` then woken up and checked at most
ten times
3. If no spot is available after 10 iterations -> the call is rejected
(this may take tens of seconds)

Thus, this PR adds a label "is_rate_limited" to filter those out on the
metrics "substrate_rpc_calls_time" and "substrate_rpc_calls_finished".

I had to merge two middleware layers Metrics and RateLimit to avoid
shared state in a hacky way.

---------

Co-authored-by: James Wilson <[email protected]>

Latest Rust nightly complains with `the item `Result` is imported
redundantly`

Co-authored-by: Sebastian Kunert <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Liam Aharon <[email protected]>

Closes #2160

First part of [Extrinsic
Horizon](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/2415)

Introduces a new trait `TransactionExtension` to replace
`SignedExtension`. Introduce the idea of transactions which obey the
runtime's extensions and have according Extension data (né Extra data)
yet do not have hard-coded signatures.

Deprecate the terminology of "Unsigned" when used for
transactions/extrinsics owing to there now being "proper" unsigned
transactions which obey the extension framework and "old-style" unsigned
which do not. Instead we have __*General*__ for the former and
__*Bare*__ for the latter. (Ultimately, the latter will be phased out as
a type of transaction, and Bare will only be used for Inherents.)

Types of extrinsic are now therefore:
- Bare (no hardcoded signature, no Extra data; used to be known as
"Unsigned")
- Bare transactions (deprecated): Gossiped, validated with
`ValidateUnsigned` (deprecated) and the `_bare_compat` bits of
`TransactionExtension` (deprecated).
  - Inherents: Not gossiped, validated with `ProvideInherent`.
- Extended (Extra data): Gossiped, validated via `TransactionExtension`.
  - Signed transactions (with a hardcoded signature).
  - General transactions (without a hardcoded signature).

`TransactionExtension` differs from `SignedExtension` because:
- A signature on the underlying transaction may validly not be present.
- It may alter the origin during validation.
- `pre_dispatch` is renamed to `prepare` and need not contain the checks
present in `validate`.
- `validate` and `prepare` is passed an `Origin` rather than a
`AccountId`.
- `validate` may pass arbitrary information into `prepare` via a new
user-specifiable type `Val`.
- `AdditionalSigned`/`additional_signed` is renamed to
`Implicit`/`implicit`. It is encoded *for the entire transaction* and
passed in to each extension as a new argument to `validate`. This
facilitates the ability of extensions to acts as underlying crypto.

There is a new `DispatchTransaction` trait which contains only default
function impls and is impl'ed for any `TransactionExtension` impler. It
provides several utility functions which reduce some of the tedium from
using `TransactionExtension` (indeed, none of its regular functions
should now need to be called directly).

Three transaction version discriminator ("versions") are now
permissible:
- 0b000000100: Bare (used to be called "Unsigned"): contains Signature
or Extra (extension data). After bare transactions are no longer
supported, this will strictly identify an Inherents only.
- 0b100000100: Old-school "Signed" Transaction: contains Signature and
Extra (extension data).
- 0b010000100: New-school "General" Transaction: contains Extra
(extension data), but no Signature.

For the New-school General Transaction, it becomes trivial for authors
to publish extensions to the mechanism for authorizing an Origin, e.g.
through new kinds of key-signing schemes, ZK proofs, pallet state,
mutations over pre-authenticated origins or any combination of the
above.

## Code Migration

### NOW: Getting it to build

Wrap your `SignedExtension`s in `AsTransactionExtension`. This should be
accompanied by renaming your aggregate type in line with the new
terminology. E.g. Before:

```rust
/// The SignedExtension to the basic transaction logic.
pub type SignedExtra = (
	/* snip */
	MySpecialSignedExtension,
);
/// Unchecked extrinsic type as expected by this runtime.
pub type UncheckedExtrinsic =
	generic::UncheckedExtrinsic<Address, RuntimeCall, Signature, SignedExtra>;
```

After:

```rust
/// The extension to the basic transaction logic.
pub type TxExtension = (
	/* snip */
	AsTransactionExtension<MySpecialSignedExtension>,
);
/// Unchecked extrinsic type as expected by this runtime.
pub type UncheckedExtrinsic =
	generic::UncheckedExtrinsic<Address, RuntimeCall, Signature, TxExtension>;
```

You'll also need to alter any transaction building logic to add a
`.into()` to make the conversion happen. E.g. Before:

```rust
fn construct_extrinsic(
		/* snip */
) -> UncheckedExtrinsic {
	let extra: SignedExtra = (
		/* snip */
		MySpecialSignedExtension::new(/* snip */),
	);
	let payload = SignedPayload::new(call.clone(), extra.clone()).unwrap();
	let signature = payload.using_encoded(|e| sender.sign(e));
	UncheckedExtrinsic::new_signed(
		/* snip */
		Signature::Sr25519(signature),
		extra,
	)
}
```

After:

```rust
fn construct_extrinsic(
		/* snip */
) -> UncheckedExtrinsic {
	let tx_ext: TxExtension = (
		/* snip */
		MySpecialSignedExtension::new(/* snip */).into(),
	);
	let payload = SignedPayload::new(call.clone(), tx_ext.clone()).unwrap();
	let signature = payload.using_encoded(|e| sender.sign(e));
	UncheckedExtrinsic::new_signed(
		/* snip */
		Signature::Sr25519(signature),
		tx_ext,
	)
}
```

### SOON: Migrating to `TransactionExtension`

Most `SignedExtension`s can be trivially converted to become a
`TransactionExtension`. There are a few things to know.

- Instead of a single trait like `SignedExtension`, you should now
implement two traits individually: `TransactionExtensionBase` and
`TransactionExtension`.
- Weights are now a thing and must be provided via the new function `fn
weight`.

#### `TransactionExtensionBase`

This trait takes care of anything which is not dependent on types
specific to your runtime, most notably `Call`.

- `AdditionalSigned`/`additional_signed` is renamed to
`Implicit`/`implicit`.
- Weight must be returned by implementing the `weight` function. If your
extension is associated with a pallet, you'll probably want to do this
via the pallet's existing benchmarking infrastructure.

#### `TransactionExtension`

Generally:
- `pre_dispatch` is now `prepare` and you *should not reexecute the
`validate` functionality in there*!
- You don't get an account ID any more; you get an origin instead. If
you need to presume an account ID, then you can use the trait function
`AsSystemOriginSigner::as_system_origin_signer`.
- You get an additional ticket, similar to `Pre`, called `Val`. This
defines data which is passed from `validate` into `prepare`. This is
important since you should not be duplicating logic from `validate` to
`prepare`, you need a way of passing your working from the former into
the latter. This is it.
- This trait takes two type parameters: `Call` and `Context`. `Call` is
the runtime call type which used to be an associated type; you can just
move it to become a type parameter for your trait impl. `Context` is not
currently used and you can safely implement over it as an unbounded
type.
- There's no `AccountId` associated type any more. Just remove it.

Regarding `validate`:
- You get three new parameters in `validate`; all can be ignored when
migrating from `SignedExtension`.
- `validate` returns a tuple on success; the second item in the tuple is
the new ticket type `Self::Val` which gets passed in to `prepare`. If
you use any information extracted during `validate` (off-chain and
on-chain, non-mutating) in `prepare` (on-chain, mutating) then you can
pass it through with this. For the tuple's last item, just return the
`origin` argument.

Regarding `prepare`:
- This is renamed from `pre_dispatch`, but there is one change:
- FUNCTIONALITY TO VALIDATE THE TRANSACTION NEED NOT BE DUPLICATED FROM
`validate`!!
- (This is different to `SignedExtension` which was required to run the
same checks in `pre_dispatch` as in `validate`.)

Regarding `post_dispatch`:
- Since there are no unsigned transactions handled by
`TransactionExtension`, `Pre` is always defined, so the first parameter
is `Self::Pre` rather than `Option<Self::Pre>`.

If you make use of `SignedExtension::validate_unsigned` or
`SignedExtension::pre_dispatch_unsigned`, then:
- Just use the regular versions of these functions instead.
- Have your logic execute in the case that the `origin` is `None`.
- Ensure your transaction creation logic creates a General Transaction
rather than a Bare Transaction; this means having to include all
`TransactionExtension`s' data.
- `ValidateUnsigned` can still be used (for now) if you need to be able
to construct transactions which contain none of the extension data,
however these will be phased out in stage 2 of the Transactions Horizon,
so you should consider moving to an extension-centric design.

## TODO

- [x] Introduce `CheckSignature` impl of `TransactionExtension` to
ensure it's possible to have crypto be done wholly in a
`TransactionExtension`.
- [x] Deprecate `SignedExtension` and move all uses in codebase to
`TransactionExtension`.
  - [x] `ChargeTransactionPayment`
  - [x] `DummyExtension`
  - [x] `ChargeAssetTxPayment` (asset-tx-payment)
  - [x] `ChargeAssetTxPayment` (asset-conversion-tx-payment)
  - [x] `CheckWeight`
  - [x] `CheckTxVersion`
  - [x] `CheckSpecVersion`
  - [x] `CheckNonce`
  - [x] `CheckNonZeroSender`
  - [x] `CheckMortality`
  - [x] `CheckGenesis`
  - [x] `CheckOnlySudoAccount`
  - [x] `WatchDummy`
  - [x] `PrevalidateAttests`
  - [x] `GenericSignedExtension`
  - [x] `SignedExtension` (chain-polkadot-bulletin)
  - [x] `RefundSignedExtensionAdapter`
- [x] Implement `fn weight` across the board.
- [ ] Go through all pre-existing extensions which assume an account
signer and explicitly handle the possibility of another kind of origin.
- [x] `CheckNonce` should probably succeed in the case of a non-account
origin.
- [x] `CheckNonZeroSender` should succeed in the case of a non-account
origin.
- [x] `ChargeTransactionPayment` and family should fail in the case of a
non-account origin.
  - [ ] 
- [x] Fix any broken tests.

---------

Signed-off-by: georgepisaltu <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Alexandru Vasile <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Alexandru Gheorghe <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Andrei Sandu <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Nikhil Gupta <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: georgepisaltu <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Chevdor <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Maciej <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Javier Viola <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Marcin S. <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Tsvetomir Dimitrov <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Javier Bullrich <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Koute <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Adrian Catangiu <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Vladimir Istyufeev <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Ross Bulat <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Gonçalo Pestana <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Liam Aharon <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Svyatoslav Nikolsky <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: André Silva <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: s0me0ne-unkn0wn <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: ordian <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Sebastian Kunert <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Aaro Altonen <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Dmitry Markin <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Alexandru Vasile <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Alexander Samusev <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Julian Eager <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Michal Kucharczyk <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Davide Galassi <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Dónal Murray <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: yjh <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Tom Mi <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Will | Paradox | ParaNodes.io <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Joshy Orndorff <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Joshy Orndorff <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: PG Herveou <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Juan Girini <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: bader y <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: James Wilson <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: joe petrowski <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: asynchronous rob <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Parth <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Andrew Jones <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Jonathan Udd <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Serban Iorga <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Egor_P <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Branislav Kontur <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Evgeny Snitko <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Just van Stam <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Francisco Aguirre <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: gupnik <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: dzmitry-lahoda <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: zhiqiangxu <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Nazar Mokrynskyi <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Anwesh <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: cheme <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Sam Johnson <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: kianenigma <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Jegor Sidorenko <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Muharem <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: joepetrowski <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Alexandru Gheorghe <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Gabriel Facco de Arruda <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Squirrel <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Andrei Sandu <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: georgepisaltu <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>

Closes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk-docs/issues/35

- Moves pallet proc macro docs to `frame_support`
- Adds missing docs
- Revise revise existing docs, adding compiling doctests where
appropriate

---------

Co-authored-by: command-bot <>
Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>

Step in https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/171

This PR removes the need to specify `as [disambiguation_path]` for cases
where the trait definition resides within the same scope as default impl
path.

For example, in the following macro invocation
```rust
#[derive_impl(frame_system::config_preludes::TestDefaultConfig as frame_system::DefaultConfig)]
impl frame_system::Config for Runtime {
   ...
}
```
the trait `DefaultConfig` lies within the `frame_system` scope and
`TestDefaultConfig` impls the `DefaultConfig` trait. Using this
information, we can compute the disambiguation path internally, thus
removing the need of an explicit specification.

In cases where the trait lies outside this scope, we would still need to
specify it explicitly, but this should take care of most (if not all)
uses of `derive_impl` within FRAME's context.

Fixes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3496.

This fixes an issue introduced in
https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/pull/14101, in which I removed
the `Call` enum's documentation and replaced it with a link to the
`Pallet` struct, but this also removed any docs related to call from the
metadata.

I tried to add a regression test for this, but it seems to me that this
is not possible, given that using `type-info` we only assert in type-ids
for `Call`, `Event` and `Error`. I removed some doc comments from a test
setup in `frame-support-test` to demonstrate the issue there. @jsdw do
you have any comments on this?

I also fixed a small issue in the custom html/css of `polkadot-sdk-doc`
crate, making sure it does not affect the rust-doc page of all other
crates.

- [x] Investigate a regression test
- [x] prdoc

# Description

*Removes `sp_weights::OldWeight` and its usage*

Fixes #144

---------

Co-authored-by: Liam Aharon <[email protected]>

Fixing: 
```
Verification failed for block 0x07bbf1e04121d70a4bdb21cc055132b53ac2390fa95c4d05497fc91b1e8bf7f5 received from (12D3KooWJzLd8skcAgA24EcJey7aJAhYctfUxWGjSP5Usk9wbpPZ): "Header 0x07bbf1e04121d70a4bdb21cc055132b53ac2390fa95c4d05497fc91b1e8bf7f5 rejected: too far in the future"   
```

---------

Signed-off-by: Alexandru Gheorghe <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Dmitry Sinyavin <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: s0me0ne-unkn0wn <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

This MR is the merge of
https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/pull/14414 and
https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/pull/14275. It implements
[RFC#13](https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/RFCs/pull/13), closes
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/198.

----- 

This Merge request introduces three major topicals:

1. Multi-Block-Migrations
1. New pallet `poll` hook for periodic service work
1. Replacement hooks for `on_initialize` and `on_finalize` in cases
where `poll` cannot be used

and some more general changes to FRAME.  
The changes for each topical span over multiple crates. They are listed
in topical order below.

# 1.) Multi-Block-Migrations

Multi-Block-Migrations are facilitated by creating `pallet_migrations`
and configuring `System::Config::MultiBlockMigrator` to point to it.
Executive picks this up and triggers one step of the migrations pallet
per block.
The chain is in lockdown mode for as long as an MBM is ongoing.
Executive does this by polling `MultiBlockMigrator::ongoing` and not
allowing any transaction in a block, if true.

A MBM is defined through trait `SteppedMigration`. A condensed version
looks like this:
```rust
/// A migration that can proceed in multiple steps.
pub trait SteppedMigration {
	type Cursor: FullCodec + MaxEncodedLen;
	type Identifier: FullCodec + MaxEncodedLen;

	fn id() -> Self::Identifier;

	fn max_steps() -> Option<u32>;

	fn step(
		cursor: Option<Self::Cursor>,
		meter: &mut WeightMeter,
	) -> Result<Option<Self::Cursor>, SteppedMigrationError>;
}
```

`pallet_migrations` can be configured with an aggregated tuple of these
migrations. It then starts to migrate them one-by-one on the next
runtime upgrade.
Two things are important here:
- 1. Doing another runtime upgrade while MBMs are ongoing is not a good
idea and can lead to messed up state.
- 2. **Pallet Migrations MUST BE CONFIGURED IN `System::Config`,
otherwise it is not used.**

The pallet supports an `UpgradeStatusHandler` that can be used to notify
external logic of upgrade start/finish (for example to pause XCM
dispatch).

Error recovery is very limited in the case that a migration errors or
times out (exceeds its `max_steps`). Currently the runtime dev can
decide in `FailedMigrationHandler::failed` how to handle this. One
follow-up would be to pair this with the `SafeMode` pallet and enact
safe mode when an upgrade fails, to allow governance to rescue the
chain. This is currently not possible, since governance is not
`Mandatory`.

## Runtime API

- `Core`: `initialize_block` now returns `ExtrinsicInclusionMode` to
inform the Block Author whether they can push transactions.

### Integration

Add it to your runtime implementation of `Core` and `BlockBuilder`:
```patch
diff --git a/runtime/src/lib.rs b/runtime/src/lib.rs
@@ impl_runtime_apis! {
	impl sp_block_builder::Core<Block> for Runtime {
-		fn initialize_block(header: &<Block as BlockT>::Header) {
+		fn initialize_block(header: &<Block as BlockT>::Header) -> RuntimeExecutiveMode {
			Executive::initialize_block(header)
		}

		...
	}
```

# 2.) `poll` hook

A new pallet hook is introduced: `poll`. `Poll` is intended to replace
mostly all usage of `on_initialize`.
The reason for this is that any code that can be called from
`on_initialize` cannot be migrated through an MBM. Currently there is no
way to statically check this; the implication is to use `on_initialize`
as rarely as possible.
Failing to do so can result in broken storage invariants.

The implementation of the poll hook depends on the `Runtime API` changes
that are explained above.

# 3.) Hard-Deadline callbacks

Three new callbacks are introduced and configured on `System::Config`:
`PreInherents`, `PostInherents` and `PostTransactions`.
These hooks are meant as replacement for `on_initialize` and
`on_finalize` in cases where the code that runs cannot be moved to
`poll`.
The reason for this is to make the usage of HD-code (hard deadline) more
explicit - again to prevent broken invariants by MBMs.

# 4.) FRAME (general changes)

## `frame_system` pallet

A new memorize storage item `InherentsApplied` is added. It is used by
executive to track whether inherents have already been applied.
Executive and can then execute the MBMs directly between inherents and
transactions.

The `Config` gets five new items:
- `SingleBlockMigrations` this is the new way of configuring migrations
that run in a single block. Previously they were defined as last generic
argument of `Executive`. This shift is brings all central configuration
about migrations closer into view of the developer (migrations that are
configured in `Executive` will still work for now but is deprecated).
- `MultiBlockMigrator` this can be configured to an engine that drives
MBMs. One example would be the `pallet_migrations`. Note that this is
only the engine; the exact MBMs are injected into the engine.
- `PreInherents` a callback that executes after `on_initialize` but
before inherents.
- `PostInherents` a callback that executes after all inherents ran
(including MBMs and `poll`).
- `PostTransactions` in symmetry to `PreInherents`, this one is called
before `on_finalize` but after all transactions.

A sane default is to set all of these to `()`. Example diff suitable for
any chain:
```patch
@@ impl frame_system::Config for Test {
 	type MaxConsumers = ConstU32<16>;
+	type SingleBlockMigrations = ();
+	type MultiBlockMigrator = ();
+	type PreInherents = ();
+	type PostInherents = ();
+	type PostTransactions = ();
 }
```

An overview of how the block execution now looks like is here. The same
graph is also in the rust doc.

<details><summary>Block Execution Flow</summary>
<p>

![Screenshot 2023-12-04 at 19 11
29](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/assets/10380170/e88a80c4-ef11-4faa-8df5-8b33a724c054)

</p>
</details> 

## Inherent Order

Moved to https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/2154

---------------


## TODO

- [ ] Check that `try-runtime` still works
- [ ] Ensure backwards compatibility with old Runtime APIs
- [x] Consume weight correctly
- [x] Cleanup

---------

Signed-off-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Liam Aharon <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Juan Girini <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>
Co-authored-by: Francisco Aguirre <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Gavin Wood <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

- deprecation companion:
https://github.com/substrate-developer-hub/substrate-docs/pull/2136
- inspired by
https://substrate.stackexchange.com/questions/11058/how-can-i-create-ocw-that-wont-activates-every-block-but-will-activates-only-w/11060#11060

---------

Co-authored-by: Sergej Sakac <[email protected]>