* Move `Externalities` into `substrate-externalities`

- `Externalities` now support generic extensions
- Split of `primtives-storage` for storage primitive types

* Move the externalities scoping into `substrate-externalities`

* Fix compilation

* Review feedback

* Adds macro for declaring extensions

* Fix benchmarks

* Introduce `ExtensionStore` trait

* Last review comments

* Implement it for `ExtensionStore`

* expose module errors into metadata

* it checks

* Tests for error metadata

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* remove inherent errors from metadata

* bump version

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update srml/support/src/error.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update all dependencies

* Upgrade dependencies whenever “easy”

“easy” means that there are no major changes required.

* Fix build and bump paste dependency to 0.1.6

* Remove dead code

* Re-add = dependency for futures-preview

* Add missing std features for runtime-io

* Remove git dependencies

as updated versions have been published to crates.io

* try to debug bug

* For sr-io, "std" should imply "no_oom" and "no_panic_handler".

Otherwise, rustc complains (correctly) about duplicate lang items.

* Add missing "runtime-io/std" features

* Fix compilation errors

* Prevent duplicate lang items

Rust does not allow duplicate lang items.  When compiled without the
`std` feature, `sr-io` defines two lang items.  Therefore, `sr-io`
compiled without `feature = "std"` must not be linked with `std`.

However, `pwasm-utils` and `wasmi-validation` both bring in `std` unless
compiled with `default-features = "false"`.  This caused a duplicate
lang item error.  Building both with `default-features = "false"`
prevents this error.  When building with `feature = "std"`, they should
both be built with the `std` feature, so this feature needs to be
explicitly depended on.

* Bump `impl_version`

* Make tests pass

Three tests used 1 less gas than they had previously.

* Try to un-break build

* Add a Cargo.lock file

* Revert offchain code

* Revert "Revert offchain code"

This reverts commit d216d08cc6ca0344614669c1d24cde3aa5c0d4e2.

* Don’t try to send a body with a GET request

without adding a Transfer-Encoding or Content-Length header.

This has always been wrong, but hyperium/hyper#1925 hid the bug until
hyper was upgraded to 0.12.35.

* Change some more GET requests to POST requests

* Fix excess line width and remove an `extern crate`

* Delete commented-out extern crate

Co-Authored-By: Sergei Pepyakin <[email protected]>

* Fix regression in Cargo.toml files

dev-dependencies need `default-features = false`, too.

* Bump parity-wasm dependency

* Bump `futures-preview`

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update Cargo.lock files

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update core/service/src/chain_ops.rs

Co-Authored-By: Sergei Pepyakin <[email protected]>

* impl

* patch

* lock

* some refactor

* some avoided copy

* new api without ref for doublemap

* fix

* version bump

* fix

* point to incoming release

* use codec latest

* bumpd impl version

* fix unused

* fix

* Update srml/support/src/storage/mod.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

So, instead of:
`type ALL_MODULES = (Module1, Module2, Module3)`;
Generate it like this:
`type ALL_MODULES = ((Module1, Module2), Module3,);`

This should make `construct_runtime!` support an "unlimited" number of
modules.

* refactor

* fix

* remove unused vec storages

* address comment

* doc

* fix

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-Authored-By: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>

* complete suggestion

* Macro-ify perthings.

* Refactor fixed64

* Half-workign phragmen refactor.

* Finalize phragmen refactor.

* Fix creation of perquintill

* Fix build errors

* Line-width

* Fix more build errors.

* Line-width

* Fix offence test

* Resolve all TODOs.

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-Authored-By: Gavin Wood <[email protected]>
Co-Authored-By: thiolliere <[email protected]>

* Fix most of the review comments.

* Updates to multiply by rational

* Fxi build

* Fix abs issue with Fixed64

* Fix tests and improvements.

* Fix build

* Remove more tests from staking.

* Review comments.

* Add fuzzing stuff.

* Better fuzzing

* Better doc.

* Bump.

* Master.into()

* A bit more hardening.

* Final nits.

* Update lock

* Fix indent.

* Revert lock file.

* Bump.

* Document how to get head of linked map.

* Update srml/support/procedural/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: thiolliere <[email protected]>

* Update srml/support/procedural/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: thiolliere <[email protected]>

* Forbid default values for Option types in decl_storage!

* fix test errors

* bump impl_version

* fix head not hashed

* bump version

* decl_storage imports needed traits

* bump impl_version

* Update srml/system/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>

* Update srml/system/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>

* phragmen election module.

* Add new files.

* Some doc update

* Update weights.

* bump and a few nits.

* Performance improvement.

* Master.into()

* Update srml/elections-phragmen/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Gavin Wood <[email protected]>

* Fix build

* Some fixes.

* Fix build.

* Proper outgoing and runner-up managment.

* Bit more sensical weight values.

* Update srml/elections-phragmen/src/lib.rs

* Update srml/elections-phragmen/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Gavin Wood <[email protected]>

* Update srml/elections-phragmen/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Gavin Wood <[email protected]>

* Update srml/elections-phragmen/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Gavin Wood <[email protected]>

* fix lock file

* Fix build.

* Remove runner-ups

* Some refactors.

* Add support for reporting voters.

* Fix member check.

* Remove equlize.rs

* Update srml/elections-phragmen/src/lib.rs

* Update srml/elections-phragmen/src/lib.rs

* Update srml/elections-phragmen/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Gavin Wood <[email protected]>

* Update srml/elections-phragmen/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Gavin Wood <[email protected]>

* Bring back runner ups.

* use decode_len

* Better weight values.

* Update bogus doc

* Bump.

* Update srml/elections-phragmen/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Gavin Wood <[email protected]>

* Review comments.

* One more test

* Fix tests

* Fix build

* .. and fix benchmarks.

* Update srml/elections-phragmen/src/lib.rs

* Version bump

* Move trait `Printable` into `sr-primitives`

* Cleanup runtime io trie_root interfaces

* Remove last generic bits from sr-io interface

* Fix srml-sudo after master merge

* Fix benchmarks

* Runtime bump

* Use session::validators instead of staking::current_elected

* Basic test framework.

* Initialize validators, attempt to heartbeat.

* Use dummy crypto for im-online testing.

* Remove printlns.

* Finish test, make it invalid.

* Add reporting test.

* Finalize the test.

* Remove dumbness.

* Updates.

* Update AuRa

* Update srml/im-online/src/tests.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Derive Ord

* Add some more tests.

* Remove stray todo.

* Bump runtime version.

* Bump impl-trait-for-tuples.

* Enforce new version of trait-for-tuples.

* Switch to new proc-macro crate for implementing traits for tuples

* Switch back to stable `Cargo.lock` format

* Reduce tuple number to match rusts default implementation

* Better testing for lock types in staking/democracy.

* Update docs.

* Update srml/executive/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update srml/executive/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Fix test

* srml-system checks

* wip

* more modules compiles

* node-runtime checks

* build.sh passes

* include dispatch error in failed event

* revert some unnecessary changes

* refactor based on comments

* more compile error fixes

* avoid unnecessary into

* reorder code

* fixes some tests

* manually implement encode & decode to avoid i8 workaround

* more test fixes

* more fixes

* more error fixes

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-Authored-By: Tomasz Drwięga <[email protected]>

* address comments

* test for DispatchError encoding

* tyep alias for democracy

* make error printable

* line width

* fix balances tests

* fix executive test

* fix system tests

* bump version

* ensure consistent method signature

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-Authored-By: Gavin Wood <[email protected]>

* changes based on review

* Add issue number for TODOs

* fix

* line width

* fix test

* Update core/sr-primitives/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update core/sr-primitives/src/traits.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update srml/council/src/motions.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update srml/council/src/motions.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* update based on review

* More concrete macro matching

* fix test build issue

* Update hex-literal dependency version. (#3141)

* Update hex-literal dep version.

* Update lock file.

* Start to rework the new error handling

* More work to get it back compiling

* Start to fix after master merge

* The great transaction error handling refactoring

* Make `decl_error` errors convertible to `&'static str`

* Make srml-executive build again

* Fix `sr-primitives` tests

* More fixes

* Last round of fix ups

* Fix build

* Fix build

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-Authored-By: Tomasz Drwięga <[email protected]>

* Rename some stuff

* Fixes after master merge

* Adds `CheckBlockGasLimit` signed extension

* Remove debug stuff

* Fix srml-balances test

* Rename `InvalidIndex` to `CannotLookup`

* Remove weird generic parameters

* Rename function again

* Fix import

* Document the signed extension

* Change from `Into` to `From`

* Update srml/contracts/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Sergei Pepyakin <[email protected]>

* Fix compilation

* Update srml/contracts/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Tomasz Drwięga <[email protected]>

* Update core/sr-primitives/src/transaction_validity.rs

Co-Authored-By: Tomasz Drwięga <[email protected]>

* Remove unused code

* Fix compilation

* Some cleanups

* Fix compile errors

* Make `TransactionValidity` a `Result`

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-Authored-By: Gavin Wood <[email protected]>

* Beautify the code a little bit and fix test

* Make `CannotLookup` an inherent error declared by `decl_error!`

* Adds some documentation

* Make `ApplyOutcome` a result

* Up the spec_version

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-Authored-By: Gavin Wood <[email protected]>
Co-Authored-By: DemiMarie-parity <[email protected]>

* Implement `TryInto` for outer events

* Remove invalid comment

* Fix compilation

* Fix some instances of `runtime-io`

* Patch a bunch

* More patches for consistancy

* more patch

* Fix various build issues

* Fix tests

* Patch `srml-support-*` crates

* Fix doc tests

* Revert "Fix doc tests"

This reverts commit ba2ec61da7acc36821a70e76a31a6a5bf13bbe95.

* Revert "Patch `srml-support-*` crates"

This reverts commit 9a6070450107dec17784ba34af4b871023f6dc81.

* Missed one

* Fix doc tests

* Abstract constructing extrinsic and signing.

* Initial impl of signer.

* Implement get payload.

* Clean up the code.

* Improve docs.

* Bump version.

* Update core/sr-primitives/src/generic/unchecked_extrinsic.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Fix tests & address grumbles.

* Fix build.

* Fix runtime tests.

* Fix bound test.

* Fix bound test.

* impl

* file split

* old comment

* better error message

* WIP

* basti test works

* comment

* remove old files

* impl swap for storage map

* fix

* fix and comment

* code refactor

* code refactor

* code format

* code refactor

* fix

* fix

* fix

* document generators

* license

* doc

* doc

* fmt

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* some comment addressed

* storage_items small refactor

* fix storage_items

* more precise returned type

* fix

* code fmt suggestion

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* remove box allocation

* bump version

* rename function as behavior has changed

* fix doc

* simplify module deposit_event declaration

* fix

* bump version

* fix

* fix test

* fix doc

* expose len from codec to storage.

* refactor runtime with len and append.

* Undo example.

* Remove imports.

* Bump codec.

* Optionify.

* Make decode_len counscious.

* Refactor.

* Update srml/support/src/storage/hashed/generator.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update srml/support/src/storage/hashed/generator.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update srml/support/src/storage/hashed/generator.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Update srml/support/src/storage/hashed/generator.rs

Co-Authored-By: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Fix merge.

* fix some docs.

* Add NoDefault trait.

* Bump.

* Final nits.

* Update srml/support/src/traits.rs

* new approach toward len.

* re-create lock file.

* Fix build errors and Option handling.

* More test fix

* Use default for append as well.

* Fix runtime.

* Add support for linked_map

* More tweaks from review.

* Fix style

* Change api for none-values

* Bump.

* add Copy to Moment type

* bump version

* add Copy to support::Traits::Time::Moment and removed few clones

* fix linkedmap swap

* version bump

* Signed transactions now has affinity with runtime versions

* Bump runtime version

* Move checks for renamed functions to `__check_reserved_function_names`

* Fix trybuild test

* Remove offline slashing logic from staking.

* Initial version of reworked offence module, can report offences

* Clean up staking example.

* Commit SlashingOffence

* Force new era on slash.

* Add offenders in the SlashingOffence trait.

* Introduce the ReportOffence trait.

* Rename `Offence`.

* Add on_before_session_ending handler.

* Move offence related stuff under sr-primitives.

* Fix cargo check.

* Import new im-online implementation.

* Adding validator count to historical session storage as it's needed for slash calculations

* Add a comment about offence.

* Add BabeEquivocationOffence

* GrandpaEquivocationOffence

* slash_fraction and fix

* current_era_start_session_index

* UnresponsivnessOffence

* Finalise OnOffenceHandler traits, and stub impl for staking.

* slash_fraction doesn't really need &self

* Note that offenders count is greater than 0

* Add a test to ensure that I got the math right

* Use FullIdentification in offences.

* Use FullIndentification.

* Hook up the offences module.

* Report unresponsive validators

* Make sure eras have the same length.

* Slashing and rewards.

* Fix compilation.

* Distribute rewards.

* Supply validators_count

* Use identificationTuple in Unresponsivness report

* Fix merge.

* Make sure we don't slash if amount is zero.

* We don't return an error from report_offence anymo

* We actually can use vec!

* Prevent division by zero if the reporters is empty

* offence_forces_new_era/nominators_also_get_slashed

* advance_session

* Fix tests.

* Update srml/staking/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Robert Habermeier <[email protected]>

* slashing_performed_according_exposure

* Check that reporters receive their slice.

* Small clean-up.

* invulnerables_are_not_slashed

* Minor clean ups.

* Improve docs.

* dont_slash_if_fraction_is_zero

* Remove session dependency from offences.

* Introduce sr-staking-primitives

* Move offence under sr_staking_primitives

* rename session_index

* Resolves todos re using SessionIndex

* Fix staking tests.

* Properly scale denominator.

* Fix UnresponsivnessOffence

* Fix compilation.

* Tests for offences.

* Clean offences tests.

* Fix staking doc test.

* Bump spec version

* Fix aura tests.

* Fix node_executor

* Deposit an event on offence.

* Fix compilation of node-runtime

* Remove aura slashing logic.

* Remove HandleReport

* Update docs for timeslot.

* rename with_on_offence_fractions

* Add should_properly_count_offences

* Replace ValidatorIdByIndex with CurrentElectedSet

ValidatorIdByIndex was querying the current_elected set in each call, doing loading (even though its from cache), deserializing and cloning of element.

Instead of this it is more efficient to use `CurrentElectedSet`. As a small bonus, the invariant became a little bit easier: now we just rely on the fact that `keys` and `current_elected` set are of the same length rather than relying on the fact that `validator_id_by_index` would work similar to `<[T]>::get`.

* Clarify babe equivocation

* Fix offences.

* Rename validators_count to validator_set_count

* Fix squaring.

* Update core/sr-staking-primitives/src/offence.rs

Co-Authored-By: Gavin Wood <[email protected]>

* Docs for CurrentElectedSet.

* Don't punish only invulnerables

* Use `get/insert` instead of `mutate`.

* Fix compilation

* Update core/sr-staking-primitives/src/offence.rs

Co-Authored-By: Gavin Wood <[email protected]>

* Update srml/offences/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Robert Habermeier <[email protected]>

* Update srml/im-online/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: joe petrowski <[email protected]>

* Update srml/im-online/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: joe petrowski <[email protected]>

* Update srml/im-online/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: joe petrowski <[email protected]>

* Update srml/babe/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: joe petrowski <[email protected]>

* Update core/sr-staking-primitives/src/offence.rs

Co-Authored-By: joe petrowski <[email protected]>

* Update core/sr-staking-primitives/src/offence.rs

Co-Authored-By: joe petrowski <[email protected]>

* Update core/sr-staking-primitives/src/offence.rs

Co-Authored-By: joe petrowski <[email protected]>

* Update core/sr-staking-primitives/src/offence.rs

Co-Authored-By: joe petrowski <[email protected]>

* Update core/sr-staking-primitives/src/offence.rs

Co-Authored-By: joe petrowski <[email protected]>

* Add aura todo.

* Allow multiple reports for single offence report.

* Fix slash_fraction calculation.

* Fix typos.

* Fix compilation and tests.

* Fix staking tests.

* Update srml/im-online/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Logan Saether <[email protected]>

* Fix doc on time_slot

* Allow slashing only on current era (#3411)

* only slash in current era

* prune journal for last era

* comment own_slash

* emit an event when old slashing events are discarded

* Pave the way for pruning

* Address issues.

* Try to refactor collect_offence_reports

* Other fixes.

* More fixes.

* value ranges in consensus cache

* skip values in cache

* read epoch0 + epoch1 data from genesis in babe

* sync authorities + session validators at genesis

* removed some debug printlns

* fixed cache encoding

* Revert "skip values in cache"

This reverts commit ce451c32823aaa4b67d99ca5b58f1bf3984df4db.

* Revert "value ranges in consensus cache"

This reverts commit 9062f9434cddd14a01275ddbfcd904b04282e63b.

* get rid of cache::AUTHORITIES in Babe

* cleaning up

* cleaning up

* update spec version

* lost changes

* fixed tests

* Update node/runtime/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: DemiMarie-parity <[email protected]>

* fix once-per-block condition

* fix standalone babe + temp_storage in BuildGenesis

* fix benhes compilation

* fixed comment

* re-added light nodes to integration tests

* finalize_with_ancestors from extra_requests

* post-merge fix

* aaand removed debug code

* (another one)

* fix warn in logs (do not call ForkTree::finalize twice for the same block)

* sync digest.next_authorities with actual next authorities

* more docs

* reverting all commits affecting storage

* also remove keys from babe trait

* fixed warnings

* post-merge fixes

* reverted some redundant changes

* reverted more changes

* Make sure that `srml-collective` does not initialize `Members` twice

* Implement trait for `()`

* Fix test