* Introduce a `Slot` type

Instead of having some type definition that only was used in half of the
code or directly using `u64`, this adds a new unit type wrapper `Slot`.
This makes it especially easy for the outside api to know what type is
expected/returned.

* Change epoch duratioC

* rename all instances of slot number to slot

* Make the constructor private

Co-authored-by: André Silva <[email protected]>

* WIP converting balances tests to construct_runtime

* Converting balances tests_local to construct_runtime

* Fix up system and balances Events

* Use static Call instance in tests

* Migrate indices to construct_runtime

* Migrate babe test to construct_runtime

* Update frame/indices/src/mock.rs

Co-authored-by: Guillaume Thiolliere <[email protected]>

* Update frame/babe/src/mock.rs

Co-authored-by: Guillaume Thiolliere <[email protected]>

* Update frame/babe/src/mock.rs

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Remove redundant import

Co-authored-by: Guillaume Thiolliere <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>

* Initial draft

* Latest changes

* Final bits.

* Fixes

* Fixes

* Test fixes

* Fix tests

* Fix babe tests

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* fix warnings in assets

* Fix UI tests

* fix line width

* Fix

* Update frame/system/src/lib.rs

Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>

* Update frame/system/src/lib.rs

Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>

* Fix

* fix unused warnings

* Fix

* Update frame/system/src/lib.rs

Co-authored-by: Guillaume Thiolliere <[email protected]>

* Update frame/system/src/lib.rs

Co-authored-by: Guillaume Thiolliere <[email protected]>

* Fix

* fix slash and comprehensive slash test

* fix reserved slash and comprehensive tests

* check slash on non-existent account

* Revert "Fix UI tests"

This reverts commit e0002c0f13442f7d0c95a054a6c515536328a4a0.

* Fix

* Fix utility tests

* keep dispatch error backwards compatible

* Fix

* Fix

* fix ui test

* Companion checker shouldn't be so anal.

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Alexander Popiak <[email protected]>

* Update frame/balances/src/lib.rs

Co-authored-by: Alexander Popiak <[email protected]>

* return correct slash info when failing gracefully

* fix missing import

* Update frame/system/src/lib.rs

Co-authored-by: Guillaume Thiolliere <[email protected]>

* Fix

* Update frame/balances/src/tests_local.rs

Co-authored-by: Guillaume Thiolliere <[email protected]>

* Fixes

Co-authored-by: Shawn Tabrizi <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Guillaume Thiolliere <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Alexander Popiak <[email protected]>

* babe: expose next epoch data

* babe: add runtime api for next_epoch

* babe: avoid reading next authorities from storage unnecessarily

* babe: add notes about epoch duration constraints

* babe: guard against overflow

* babe: add test for fetching current and next epoch data

* Happy new year

Updates the copyright years and fixes wrong license headers.

* Fix the template

* Split HEADER into HEADER-APACHE & HEADER-GPL

* Add SS58Prefix type to the frame_system config trait

* Remove unused chain_id runtime interface

* Make it possible to calculate the storage as often as you want

So, until now each Substrate based blockchain has calculated the storage
root once, at the end of the block. Now there is Frontier that wants to
calculate some intermediate storage root. However this failed on block
import. The problem with that was the extrinsics root. When building the
block we stored `Default::default()` as extrinsics root, because yeah,
we don't know the extrinsics root before finishing the block. At the end
this extrinsics root was then calculated. But on block import we passed
the already known extrinsics root. This was no problem, as we removed
this value at the end of the block. However when you all the storage
root in between, that changes the storage root between block building
and block import.

This pr changes this behavior. It removes the `ExtrinsicsRoot` storage
entry and also doesn't pass it anymore to `System::initialize`. By doing
it, we remove the difference in the storage and fix the storage root mismatch.

* Fix bug with incorrectly calculating the extrinscs root

* Review feedback

* Basic weights builder.

* Fixing WiP

* Make the tests work.

* Fix weights in node/runtime.

* WiP.

* Update pallets with new weights parameters.

* Validate returns a Result now.

* Count mandatory weight separately.

* DRY

* BREAKING: Updating state root, because of the left-over weight-tracking stuff

* Update tests affected by Mandatory tracking.

* Fixing tests.

* Fix defaults for simple_max

* Update frame/system/src/weights.rs

Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>

* Rework the API a bit.

* Fix compilation & tests.

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>

* Add extra docs & rename few things.

* Fix whitespace in ASCII art.

* Update frame/system/src/limits.rs

Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>

* Fix max_extrinsic calculations.

* Fix conflicts.

* Fix compilation.

* Fix new code.

* re-remove generic asset

* Fix usage.

* Update state root.

* Update proxy.

* Fix tests.

* Move weights validity to integrity_test

* Remove redundant BlockWeights.

* Add all/non_mandatory comment

* Add test.

* Remove fn block_weights

* Make the macro prettier.

* Fix some docs.

* Make max_total behave more predictabily.

* Add BlockWeights to metadata.

* fix balances test

* Fix utility test.

Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Shawn Tabrizi <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Benjamin Kampmann <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: thiolliere <[email protected]>

* rename Trait to Config

* add test asserting using Trait is still valid.

* fix ui tests

* babe: make secondary slot randomness available on-chain

* babe: extract out vrf_output function

* babe: add missing comment

* babe: fix incorrectly storing primary randomness

* babe: add test for onchain author vrf

* babe: fix reviewer nits

* runtime: bump spec_version

* babe: remove outer Option for AuthorVrfRandomness

* babe: fix reviewer nits on doc strings

* babe: move make_vrf_output to mock.rs

* babe: cleanup docs

* babe: kill ephemeral entry instead of take

* babe: use type alias for maybe randomness

Co-authored-by: André Silva <[email protected]>

* Refactor CurrencyToVote to avoid calls to total_issuance.

* Update frame/support/src/traits.rs

Co-authored-by: Guillaume Thiolliere <[email protected]>

* Some grumbles

* Fix last grumbles.

* Fix comment

* Final fix

Co-authored-by: Guillaume Thiolliere <[email protected]>

* Mockup

* Fix offchain election to respect the weight

* Fix builds a bit

* Update frame/staking/src/offchain_election.rs

Co-authored-by: Shawn Tabrizi <[email protected]>

* Update frame/staking/src/offchain_election.rs

Co-authored-by: Shawn Tabrizi <[email protected]>

* Make it build, binary search

* Fix a number of grumbles

* one more fix.

* remove unwrap.

* better alg.

* Better alg again.

* Final fixes

* Fix

* Rollback to normal

* Final touches.

* Better tests.

* Update frame/staking/src/lib.rs

Co-authored-by: Guillaume Thiolliere <[email protected]>

* Proper maxExtWeight

* Final fix

* Final fix for the find_voter

Co-authored-by: Shawn Tabrizi <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Guillaume Thiolliere <[email protected]>

* Rename `ModuleToIndex` to `PalletRuntimeSetup`

Besides the renaming it also adds support getting the name of a pallet
as configured in the runtime.

* Rename it to `PalletInfo`

* Remove accidentally added files

* Add `WeightInfo` to Babe Pallet

* Also grandpa

* Update frame/grandpa/src/default_weights.rs

Co-authored-by: André Silva <[email protected]>

Co-authored-by: André Silva <[email protected]>

* whitelist caller in benchmarks

* remove unused component

* Add benchmark weights

* Remove `weightinfo` for `offences`

* WeightInfo for Vesting Pallet

* clean up weight docs

* Update lib.rs

* try to pipe max locks

* Update for new type

* add warning when locks > MaxLocks

* Update lib.rs

* fix compile

* remove aliasing, fix trait def

* Update

* Start adding weight info

* More weightinfo

* finish weight info

* more fixes

* inital update of node runtime

* fix the rest of the compilation

* update balances

* add docs

* fix balances tests

* Fix more tests

* Fix compile

* Fix pallet-evm tests

* slots: create primitives crate for consensus slots

* offences: add method to check if an offence is unknown

* babe: initial equivocation reporting implementation

* babe: organize imports

* babe: working equivocation reporting

* babe: add slot number to equivocation proof

* session: move duplicate traits to session primitives

* babe: move equivocation stuff to its own file

* offences: fix test

* session: don't have primitives depend on frame_support

* babe: use opaque type for key owner proof

* babe: cleanup client equivocation reporting

* babe: cleanup equivocation code in pallet

* babe: allow sending signed equivocation reports

* node: fix compilation

* fix test compilation

* babe: return bool on check_equivocation_proof

* babe: add test for equivocation reporting

* babe: add more tests

* babe: add test for validate unsigned

* babe: take slot number in generate_key_ownership_proof API

* babe: add benchmark for equivocation proof checking

* session: add benchmark for membership proof checking

* offences: fix babe benchmark

* babe: add weights based on benchmark results

* babe: adjust weights after benchmarking on reference hardware

* babe: reorder checks in check_and_report_equivocation

* impl filter in origin

* remove IsCallable usage. Breaking: utility::batch(root, calls) no longer bypass BasicCallFilter

* rename BasicCallFilter -> BaseCallFilter

* refactor code

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>

* remove forgotten temporar comment

* better add suggestion in another PR

* refactor: use Clone instead of mem::replace

* fix tests

* fix tests

* fix tests

* fix benchmarks

* Make root bypass filter in utility::batch

* fix unused imports

Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>

* Only check single extrinsics weight limit in validate_transaction.

* Add missing parameter to all pallets.

* Add tests, fix default configuration.

* Bump spec version.

* Use AvailableBlockRation to calculate MaxExtrinsicWeight

* vrf: remove Raw* types

* babe: remove Raw* types

* pallet-babe: switch representation of RawVRFOutput to Randomness

* pallet-babe: calculate inout within the pallet

* Remove make_transcript duplication

* Bump spec version

* Fix frame tests

* and_then -> map

* Always enable u64_backend

* Fix nostd compile

* fix import: should not use std

* Remove unused definition of RawVRFOutput

* Remove unused import of RuntimeDebug

Co-authored-by: Gavin Wood <[email protected]>

* Introduce `BlockExectionWeight` and `ExtrinsicBaseWeight`

* Add new traits everywhere

* Missed one update

* fix tests

* Update `check_weight` logic

* introduce `max_extrinsic_weight` function

* fix + add tests

* format nits

* remove println

* make test a bit more clear

* Remove minimum weight

* newlines left over from find/replace

* Fix test, improve clarity

* Fix executor tests

* Extrinsic base weight same as old `MINIMUM_WEIGHT`

* fix example test

* Expose constants

* Add test for full block with operational and normal

* Initiate test environment with `BlockExecutionWeight` weight

* format nit

* Update frame/system/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>

* Replace `TransactionBaseFee` with `ExtrinsicBaseWeight` (#5761)

* Replace `TransactionBaseFee` with `ExtrinsicBaseFee`

* Fix stuff

* Fix and make tests better

* Forgot to update this test

* Fix priority number in test

* Remove minimum weight from merge

* Fix weight in contracts

* remove `TransactionBaseFee` from contract tests

* Let `register_extra_weight_unchecked` go past `MaximumBlockWeight`

* address feedback

Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>

Co-Authored-By: Kian Paimani <[email protected]>

* Initial skeleton for offchain phragmen

* Basic compact encoding decoding for results

* add compact files

* Bring back Self::ensure_storage_upgraded();

* Make staking use compact stuff.

* First seemingly working version of reduce, full of todos

* Everything phragmen related works again.

* Signing made easier, still issues.

* Signing from offchain compile fine 😎

* make compact work with staked asssignment

* Evaluation basics are in place.

* Move reduce into crate. Document stuff

* move reduce into no_std

* Add files

* Remove other std deps. Runtime compiles

* Seemingly it is al stable; cycle implemented but not integrated.

* Add fuzzing code.

* Cleanup reduce a bit more.

* a metric ton of tests for staking; wip 🔨

* Implement a lot more of the tests.

* wip getting the unsigned stuff to work

* A bit gleanup for unsigned debug

* Clean and finalize compact code.

* Document reduce.

* Still problems with signing

* We officaly duct taped the transaction submission stuff. 🤓

* Deadlock with keys again

* Runtime builds

* Unsigned test works 🙌

* Some cleanups

* Make all the tests compile and stuff

* Minor cleanup

* fix more merge stuff

* Most tests work again.

* a very nasty bug in reduce

* Fix all integrations

* Fix more todos

* Revamp everything and everything

* Remove bogus test

* Some review grumbles.

* Some fixes

* Fix doc test

* loop for submission

* Fix cli, keyring etc.

* some cleanup

* Fix staking tests again

* fix per-things; bring patches from benchmarking

* better score prediction

* Add fuzzer, more patches.

* Some fixes

* More docs

* Remove unused generics

* Remove max-nominator footgun

* Better fuzzer

* Disable it ❌



* Bump.

* Another round of self-review

* Refactor a lot

* More major fixes in perThing

* Add new fuzz file

* Update lock

* fix fuzzing code.

* Fix nominator retain test

* Add slashing check

* Update frame/staking/src/tests.rs

Co-Authored-By: Joshy Orndorff <[email protected]>

* Some formatting nits

* Review comments.

* Fix cargo file

* Almost all tests work again

* Update frame/staking/src/tests.rs

Co-Authored-By: thiolliere <[email protected]>

* Fix review comments

* More review stuff

* Some nits

* Fix new staking / session / babe relation

* Update primitives/phragmen/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: thiolliere <[email protected]>

* Update primitives/phragmen/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: thiolliere <[email protected]>

* Update primitives/phragmen/compact/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: thiolliere <[email protected]>

* Some doc updates to slashing

* Fix derive

* Remove imports

* Remove unimplemented tests

* nits

* Remove dbg

* Better fuzzing params

* Remove unused pref map

* Deferred Slashing/Offence for offchain Phragmen  (#5151)

* Some boilerplate

* Add test

* One more test

* Review comments

* Fix build

* review comments

* fix more

* fix build

* Some cleanups and self-reviews

* More minor self reviews

* Final nits

* Some merge fixes.

* opt comment

* Fix build

* Fix build again.

* Update frame/staking/fuzz/fuzz_targets/submit_solution.rs

Co-Authored-By: Gavin Wood <[email protected]>

* Update frame/staking/src/slashing.rs

Co-Authored-By: Gavin Wood <[email protected]>

* Update frame/staking/src/offchain_election.rs

Co-Authored-By: Gavin Wood <[email protected]>

* Fix review comments

* fix test

* === 🔑

 Revamp without staking key.

* final round of changes.

* Fix cargo-deny

* Update frame/staking/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Gavin Wood <[email protected]>

Co-authored-by: Joshy Orndorff <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: thiolliere <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Gavin Wood <[email protected]>

* Remove migration code.

* Fix cargo

* Bump spec version

* System.BlockHash

* Fix hash

* Introduce K/V iteration in all _concat maps

Also move across:
- System.Account (blake2_128_concat)
- Balances.Locks (twox_64_concat)
- ElectionsPhragmen.VotesOf (twox_64_concat)
- ElectionsPhragmen.StakeOf (twox_64_concat)
- Identity.IdentityOf (twox_64_concat)
- Identity.SubsOf (twox_64_concat)
- Society.Payouts (twox_64_concat)
- Session.NextKeys (twox_64_concat)
- Identity.SuperOf (blake2_128_concat)
- Session.KeyOwner (blake2_128_concat)
- Society.SuspendedCandidates (twox_64_concat)
- Society.SuspendedMembers (twox_64_concat)
- Society.Vouching (twox_64_concat)
- Society.Strikes (twox_64_concat)
- System.EventTopics
- Balances.Account

* Build fixes

* Ensure migration happens in correct order

* Staking.*

* Vesting.* Offences.*

* Democracy.*

* Babe.* Collective.*

* Grandpa.*

* Assets.* Benchmark.* Contracts.* Elections.* Asset.* Nicks.*

Also introduce real account list

* ImOnline.*

* Treasury.*

* Recovery.*

* Final bits.

* Docs

* Fix one test

* Fix test

* All passing except the UI tests

* Remove linked_map part 1

* Remove linked_map

* Some iterator utils for double maps.

* Remove old migrations

* Introduce tombstone for LinkedMap type

* Migration for genesis hash

* Fix build

* Fix hash

* Rename Map is_linked -> unused, keeping backwards compat (#5256)

* Update frame/balances/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Shawn Tabrizi <[email protected]>

* Update frame/elections/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Shawn Tabrizi <[email protected]>

* Remove old migration code.

* Update frame/system/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Shawn Tabrizi <[email protected]>

* Update bin/node/runtime/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Shawn Tabrizi <[email protected]>

* Fix hash

* fix session migration

* Fix watning

Co-authored-by: Jaco Greeff <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Shawn Tabrizi <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Robert Habermeier <[email protected]>

* Squash and rebase from gav-lazy-reaping

* Bump version

* Bump runtime again

* Docs.

* Remove old functions

* Update frame/balances/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Shawn Tabrizi <[email protected]>

* Update frame/contracts/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Shawn Tabrizi <[email protected]>

* Warnings

* Bump runtime version

* Update frame/democracy/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Shawn Tabrizi <[email protected]>

* Update frame/system/src/lib.rs

* Clean up OnReapAccount

* Use frame_support debug

* Bump spec

* Renames and fix

* Fix

* Fix rename

* Fix

* Increase time for test

Co-authored-by: Shawn Tabrizi <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Benjamin Kampmann <[email protected]>

* Remove deprecated API

* Remove (some) allow(dead_code)

* Bump spec_version

* Fix import, remove allow dead code.

Co-authored-by: Shawn Tabrizi <[email protected]>

* Basic account composition.

* Add try_mutate_exists

* De-duplicate

* Refactor away the UpdateBalanceOutcome

* Expunge final UpdateBalanceOutcome refs

* Refactor transfer

* Refactor reservable currency stuff.

* Test with the alternative setup.

* Fixes

* Test with both setups.

* Fixes

* Fix

* Fix macros

* Make indices opt-in

* Remove CreationFee, and make indices opt-in.

* Fix construct_runtime

* Fix last few bits

* Fix tests

* Update trait impls

* Don't hardcode the system event

* Make tests build and fix some stuff.

* Pointlessly bump runtime version

* Fix benchmark

* Another fix

* Whitespace

* Make indices module economically safe

* Migrations for indices.

* Fix

* Whilespace

* Trim defunct migrations

* Remove unused storage item

* More contains_key fixes

* Docs.

* Bump runtime

* Remove unneeded code

* Fix test

* Fix test

* Update frame/balances/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Shawn Tabrizi <[email protected]>

* Fix ED logic

* Repatriate reserved logic

* Typo

* Fix typo

* Update frame/system/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Shawn Tabrizi <[email protected]>

* Update frame/system/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Shawn Tabrizi <[email protected]>

* Last few fixes

* Another fix

* Build fix

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Jaco Greeff <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Shawn Tabrizi <[email protected]>

* Give perthigns the trait it always deserved.

* Make staking and phragmen work with the new generic per_thing

* Make everything work together 🔨

* a bit of cleanup

* Clean usage

* Bump.

* Fix name

* fix grumbles

* hopefully fix the ui test

* Some grumbles

* revamp traits again

* Better naming again.

* Initial work

* Fix most things

* fix test

* fix old comment

* migration

* fix

* remove useless stuff

* fix

* less spaghetti implementation

* fix initial session

* fix

* Make `decl_error!` errors usable

This pr implements support for returning errors of different pallets in
a pallet. These errors need to be declared with `decl_error!`.

The pr changes the following:

- Each dispatchable function now returns a `DispatchResult` which is an
alias for `Result<(), DispatchError>`.
- `DispatchError` is an enum that has 4 variants:
  - `Other`: For storing string error messages
  - `CannotLookup`: Variant that is returned when something returns a
  `sp_runtime::LookupError`
  - `BadOrigin`: Variant that is returned for any kind of bad origin
  - `Module`: The error of a specific module. Contains the `index`,
  `error` and the `message`. The index is the index of the module in
  `construct_runtime!`. `error` is the index of the error in the error
  enum declared by `decl_error!`. `message` is the message to the error
  variant (this will not be encoded).
- `construct_runtime!` now creates a new struct `ModuleToIndex`. This
struct implements the trait `ModuleToIndex`.
- `frame_system::Trait` has a new associated type: `ModuleToIndex` that
expects the `ModuleToIndex` generated by `construct_runtime!`.
- All error strings returned in any module are being converted now to `DispatchError`.
- `BadOrigin` is the default error returned by any type that implements `EnsureOrigin`.

* Fix frame system benchmarks

* Rename: Phase 1.

* Unify codec.

* Fixing: Phase 2

* Fixing: Phase 3.

* Fixing: Phase 4.

* Fixing: Phase 5.

* Fixing: Phase 6.

* Fixing: Phase 7.

* Fixing: Phase 8. Tests

* Fixing: Phase 9. Tests!!!

* Fixing: Phase 10. Moar tests!

* Finally done!

* More fixes.

* Rename primitives:: to sp_core::

* Apply renames in finality-grandpa.

* Fix benches.

* Fix benches 2.

* Revert node-template.

* Fix frame-system in our modules.

* primitives/sr-io -> primitives/io

* fix

* rename

* runtime-io -> sp-io

* git mv

* fix ci

* remove package name

* fix

* fix

* try minimizing diff

* try minimizing diff again

* try minimizing diff again

* Adding script for rename, could be applicable for nodes on top of it, too

* add stderr and gitlab ci features

* apply script

* fix now minor details in expected stderr

* Update the Cargo.lock

* fix name: sc-transaction -> sc-tracing

* fix rename in script, too

* Use Weight instead of u32 everywhere

* Revert Weight declaration

* Fix benches

* palette -> frame

* PALETTE, Palette -> FRAME

* Move folder pallete -> frame

* Update docs/Structure.adoc

Co-Authored-By: Benjamin Kampmann <[email protected]>

* Update docs/README.adoc

Co-Authored-By: Benjamin Kampmann <[email protected]>

* Update README.adoc

* /paint to /palette

* rename paint to palette

* rename the modules in palette to be pallets

* update Structure.adoc

* bump impl

* fix CI directory

* Update docs/Structure.adoc

Co-Authored-By: Benjamin Kampmann <[email protected]>