Here are some changes to the `getting-started.sh` scripts we have
advertised on top of the readme.

### Changes to the script

1. Change `echo` to a more portable `printf`.

On my machine, the script printed a literal `\n` string if run with
`bash`.
If I changed it to `echo -e`, then it printed a literal `-e` if run with
`sh`.

Changed it to `printf` which is more portable.

---

2. Template selection

The script proceeded to clone and build the `minimal` template, which is
not always what we want.
Added a selection prompt where the user can select one of the 3
templates, and choose if it should be built&run or not.
The user can also select no template at all - that way, we have a
starter of a dependencies-installation script.

---

3. Added some missing dependencies for some of the systems.

### A workflow testing the script

I propose a workflow, that will test the script using the
[expect](https://core.tcl-lang.org/expect/index) tool.
For each OS men...

closes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/4879

Provide a fast and easy way for people to get started developing with
Polkadot SDK.

Sets up a development environment (including Rust) and clones and builds
the minimal template.

Polkadot address: 16xyKzix34WZ4um8C3xzMdjKhrAQe9DjCf4KxuHsmTjdcEd

---------

Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <5588131+kianenigma@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <oliver.tale-yazdi@parity.io>