This PR implements the call data copy API by adjusting the input method.

Closes #6770

---------

Signed-off-by: xermicus <cyrill@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>

Follow up refactor to
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/6844#pullrequestreview-2497225717

I still need to finish adding `#[cfg(feature = "unstable-api")]` to the
rest of the tests and make sure all tests pass, I want to make sure I'm
moving into right direction first

@athei @xermicus



---------

Co-authored-by: DavidK <davidk@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <alex.theissen@me.com>

This PR adds an API method to query the contract call data input size.

Part of #6770

---------

Signed-off-by: Cyrill Leutwiler <bigcyrill@hotmail.com>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>
Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <alex.theissen@me.com>

This PR implements the call data load API akin to [how it works on
ethereum](https://www.evm.codes/?fork=cancun#35).

There will also be a second PR to adjust the input function to resemble
the call data copy opcode on EVM.

---------

Signed-off-by: Cyrill Leutwiler <bigcyrill@hotmail.com>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>

We were trapping the host context in case a sub call was exhausting the
storage deposit limit set for this sub call. This prevents the caller
from handling this error. In this PR we added a new error code that is
returned when either gas or storage deposit limit is exhausted by the
sub call.

We also remove the longer used `NotCallable` error. No longer used
because this is no longer an error: It will just be a balance transfer.

We also make `set_code_hash` infallible to be consistent with other host
functions which just trap on any error condition.

---------

Co-authored-by: GitHub Action <action@github.com>

This PR updates pallet_revive to the newest PolkaVM version and adapts
the test fixtures and syscall interface to work under 64bit.

Please note that after this PR no 32bit contracts can be deployed (they
will be rejected at deploy time). Pre-deployed 32bit contracts are now
considered defunct since we changes how parameters are passed for
functions with more than 6 arguments.

## Fixtures

The fixtures are now built for the 64bit target. I also removed the
temporary directory mechanism that triggered a full rebuild every time.
It also makes it easier to find the compiled fixtures since they are now
always in `target/pallet-revive-fixtures`.

## Syscall interface

### Passing pointer

Registers and pointers are now 64bit wide. This allows us to pass u64
arguments in a single register. Before we needed two registers to pass
them. This means that just as before we need one register per pointer we
pass. We keep pointers as `u32` argument by truncating the register.
This is done since the memory space of PolkaVM is 32bit.

### Functions with more than 6 arguments

We only have 6 registers to pass arguments. This is why we pass a
pointer to a struct when we need more than 6. Before this PR we expected
a packed struct and interpreted it as SCALE encoded tuple. However, this
was buggy because the `MaxEncodedLen` returned something that was larger
than the packed size of the structure. This wasn't a problem before. But
now the memory space changed in a way that things were placed at the
edges of the memory space and those extra bytes lead to an out of bound
access.

This is why this PR drops SCALE and expects the arguments to be passed
as a pointer to a `C` aligned struct. This avoids unaligned accesses.
However, revive needs to adapt its codegen to properly align the
structure fields.

## TODO
- [ ] Add multi block migration that wipes all existing contracts as we
made breaking changes to the syscall interface

---------

Co-authored-by: GitHub Action <action@github.com>

Enhance the `delegate_call` function to accept an `address` target
parameter instead of a `code_hash`. This allows direct identification of
the target contract using the provided address.
Additionally, introduce parameters for specifying a customizable
`ref_time` limit and `proof_size` limit, thereby improving flexibility
and control during contract interactions.

---------

Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <alex.theissen@me.com>

This PR removes the `transfer` syscall and changes balance transfers to
make the existential deposit (ED) fully transparent for contracts.

The `transfer` API is removed since there is no corresponding EVM opcode
and transferring via a call introduces barely any overhead.

We make the ED transparent to contracts by transferring the ED from the
call origin to nonexistent accounts. Without this change, transfers to
nonexistant accounts will transfer the supplied value minus the ED from
the contracts viewpoint, and consequentially fail if the supplied value
lies below the ED. Changing this behavior removes the need for contract
code to handle this rather annoying corner case and aligns better with
the EVM. The EVM charges a similar deposit from the gas meter, so
transferring the ED from the call origin is practically the same as the
call origin pays for gas.

---------

Signed-off-by: xermicus <cyrill@parity.io>
Signed-off-by: Cyrill Leutwiler <bigcyrill@hotmail.com>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>
Co-authored-by: GitHub Action <action@github.com>
Co-authored-by: PG Herveou <pgherveou@gmail.com>

- Bound T::Hash to H256
- Implement the block hash API

---------

Signed-off-by: xermicus <cyrill@parity.io>
Signed-off-by: Cyrill Leutwiler <bigcyrill@hotmail.com>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>
Co-authored-by: GitHub Action <action@github.com>

This PR implements the contract API to query the code size of a given
address.

---------

Signed-off-by: Cyrill Leutwiler <bigcyrill@hotmail.com>
Signed-off-by: xermicus <cyrill@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: GitHub Action <action@github.com>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>
Co-authored-by: PG Herveou <pgherveou@gmail.com>

Implement a syscall to retreive the transaction origin.

---------

Signed-off-by: Cyrill Leutwiler <bigcyrill@hotmail.com>
Signed-off-by: xermicus <cyrill@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: GitHub Action <action@github.com>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>
Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <alex.theissen@me.com>

# Description
Update `ext_code_hash` to match
[EIP-1052](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1052) specs. Since all
possible results are written into output pointer then there's no need
for a return value.

https://github.com/paritytech/revive/pull/77

This PR introduces the concept of immutable storage data, used for
[Solidity immutable
variables](https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/contracts.html#immutable).

This is a minimal implementation. Immutable data is attached to a
contract; to keep `ContractInfo` fixed in size, we only store the length
there, and store the immutable data in a dedicated storage map instead.
Which comes at the cost of requiring an additional storage read (costly)
for contracts using this feature.

We discussed more optimal solutions not requiring any additional storage
accesses internally, but they turned out to be non-trivial to implement.
Another optimization benefiting multiple calls to the same contract in a
single call stack would be to cache the immutable data in `Stack`.
However, this potential creates a DOS vulnerability (the attack vector
is to call into as many contracts in a single stack as possible, where
they all have maximum immutable data to fill the cache as efficiently as
possible). So this either has to be guaranteed to be a non-issue by
limits, or, more likely, to have some logic to bound the cache.
Eventually, we should think about introducing the concept of warm and
cold storage reads (akin to EVM). Since immutable variables are commonly
used in contracts, this change is blocking our initial launch and we
should only optimize it properly in follow-ups.

This PR also disables the `set_code_hash` API (which isn't usable for
Solidity contracts without pre-compiles anyways). With immutable storage
attached to contracts, we now want to run the constructor of the new
code hash to collect the immutable data during `set_code_hash`. This
will be implemented in a follow up PR.

---------

Signed-off-by: Cyrill Leutwiler <bigcyrill@hotmail.com>
Signed-off-by: xermicus <cyrill@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>
Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <alex.theissen@me.com>
Co-authored-by: PG Herveou <pgherveou@gmail.com>

This PR introduces 2 new syscalls: `return_data_size` and
`return_data_copy`, resembling the semantics of the EVM `RETURNDATASIZE`
and `RETURNDATACOPY` opcodes.

The ownership of `ExecReturnValue` (the return data) has moved to the
`Frame`. This allows implementing the new contract API functionality in
ext with no additional copies. Returned data is passed via contract
memory, memory is (will be) metered, hence the amount of returned data
can not be statically known, so we should avoid storing copies of the
returned data if we can. By moving the ownership of the exectuables
return value into the `Frame` struct we achieve this.

A zero-copy implementation of those APIs would be technically possible
without that internal change by making the callsite in the runtime
responsible for moving the returned data into the frame after any call.
However, resetting the stored output needs to be handled in ext, since
plain transfers will _not_ affect the stored return data (and we don't
want to handle this special call case inside the `runtime` API). This
has drawbacks:
- It can not be tested easily in the mock.
- It introduces an inconsistency where resetting the stored output is
handled in ext, but the runtime API is responsible to store it back
correctly after any calls made. Instead, with ownership of the data in
`Frame`, both can be handled in a single place. Handling both in `fn
run()` is more natural and leaves less room for runtime API bugs.

The returned output is reset each time _before_ running any executable
in a nested stack. This change should not incur any overhead to the
overall memory usage as _only_ the returned data from the last executed
frame will be kept around at any time.

---------

Signed-off-by: Cyrill Leutwiler <bigcyrill@hotmail.com>
Signed-off-by: xermicus <cyrill@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>
Co-authored-by: PG Herveou <pgherveou@gmail.com>

This PR adds the EVM chain ID to Config as well as a corresponding
runtime API so contracts can query it.

Related issue: https://github.com/paritytech/revive/issues/44

---------

Signed-off-by: xermicus <cyrill@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>

The salt argument should be optional to allow create1 equivalent calls.

---------

Signed-off-by: xermicus <cyrill@parity.io>

This adds an API method `balance_of`, corresponding to the
[BALANCE](https://www.evm.codes/#31?fork=cancun) EVM opcode.

In `Ext`, `balance` and `balance_of` are internally routed through the
same new `account_balance` method: `balance` is technically the same as
`balance_of` with the caller address. This avoids duplicating all the
tests and avoids a small inefficiency (in theory, `balance` directly
call `balance_of` however this introduces a round trip of converting the
target address to a H160 and back).

---------

Signed-off-by: Cyrill Leutwiler <bigcyrill@hotmail.com>
Signed-off-by: xermicus <cyrill@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>

fix https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/5683

fix #5574

- Use U256 instead of BalanceOf<T> and MomentOf<T> in Ext trait
- Enforce H256 for T::Hash

The Ext trait still depends on the associated type `T: Config`, we can
look into refactoring it even more later but even in the current state
it should not influence how the data is encoded / decoded between the
contract and the host
```
fn caller(&self) -> Origin<Self::T>;
-> only use to extract the address of the caller 

fn account_id(&self) -> &AccountIdOf<Self::T>;
 -> only used to expose the address or access the account_id internally   

fn gas_meter(&self) -> &GasMeter<Self::T>;
fn gas_meter_mut(&mut self) -> &mut GasMeter<Self::T>;
 -> encoding does not depend on T

fn call_runtime(&self, call: <Self::T as Config>::RuntimeCall) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo;
-> Substrate specific, just an opaque blob of bytes from the contract's perspective

fn contract_info(&mut self) -> &mut ContractInfo<Self::T>;
fn transient_storage(&mut self) -> &mut TransientStorage<Self::T>;
-> gated by #[cfg(any(test, feature = "runtime-benchmarks"))]
```

---------

Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <alex.theissen@me.com>

start using better type for address, code_hash, and salt in runtime and
the uapi crate

fix https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/5575

This is a heavily modified and stripped down version of
`pallet_contracts`. We decided to fork instead of extend the old pallet.
Reasons for that are:

- There is no benefit of supporting both on the same pallet as the
intended payload for the new pallet (recompiled YUL) will be using a
different ABI.
- It is much easier since it allows us to remove all the code that was
necessary to support Wasm and focus fully on running cross compiled YUL
contracts.

**The code is reviewable but can't be merged because it depends on an
unreleased version of PolkaVM via git.**

## Current state

All tests are passing and the code is not quick and dirty but written to
last. The work is not finished, though. It is included in the
`kitchensink-runtime` and a node can be built. However, we merge early
in order to be able to start testing other components as early as
possible.

Outstanding changes are tracked here and will be merged separately:
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/5308

## Syscall Interface

The syscall interface is best explored by generating the docs of this
crate and looking at the `SyscallDoc` trait. Arguments are passed in
registers a0-a5 in the order they are listed. If there are more than 6
arguments (call, instantiate) a pointer to a packed struct of the
arguments is expected as the only argument. I plan to create variants of
those syscalls with less arguments specifically for YUL.

Functions are just referenced by their name as ASCII within the PolkaVM
container. Rather than by a syscall number as it was the case in the
last implementation.
 

## Changes vs. `pallet_contracts`

The changes are too numerous to list them all here. This is an
incomplete list:

- Use PolkaVM instead of wasmi to execute contracts
- Made Runtime generic over a new `Memory` trait as we can't map memory
directly on PolkaVM anymore
- No static verification on code upload. Everything is a determinstic
runtime failure
- Removed all migrations and reset the pallet version
- Removed the nonce storage item and instead use the deployers account
nonce to generate a unique trie
- We now bump the deployers account nonce on contract instantiation to
they are bumped even within a batch transaction
- Removed the instantiation nonce host function: We should add a new
`instantiate` variant as a replacement for thos
- ContractInfoOf of uses the indentity hasher now
- Remove the determinism feature: User of that feature should switch to
soft floats
- The `unstable` attribute has been replaced by a `api_version`
attribute to declare at which version an API became available
	- leaving out that attribute makes the API effectively unstable
- a new `api_version` field on the CodeInfo makes sure that old
contracts can't access new APIs (necessary due to lack of static
verification.
- Added a `behaviour_version` field to CodeInfo that can used if we need
to introduce breaking changes and keep the old behaviour for existing
contracts
- Unified storage vs. transient and fixed vs. variable sized keys all
into one set of multiplexing host functions
- Removed all contract observeable limits from the `Config` trait and
instead hardcode them
- Removed the Schedule
- Removed all deprecated host functions
- Simplify chain extension as preperation for making it a pre-compile

---------

Co-authored-by: command-bot <>