Extract PartialComponents into a type alias (#2767)

Pulling PartialComponents into a named `Service` type stops clippy
complaining about type complexity and also makes the type signatures a
little less scary to read.

There's two instances where we can't pull it out into a type because a
nightly feature has not yet been stabilised (E.g. the `imp Fn` isn't
stabilised in a type alias context here:
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/blob/d84e135b

/polkadot/node/service/src/lib.rs#L477
).

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Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <[email protected]>