Create a Basic Proving Trie for the Runtime (#3881)

This PR will introduce a `BasicProvingTrie` type, which makes it easy to
construct and prove data in a base-16 merkle trie within the runtime.

Data into the merkle trie only require that they implement `Encode` /
`Decode`.

A FRAME compatible `TrieError` was created and added to `DispatchError`.

Expected usage is to construct the merkle trie with all data offline,
and then place only the merkle root of that trie on-chain.

Also offchain, a user is given a compact merkle proof of some data they
want to prove exists on the blockchain.

Then in the runtime, you can call `verify_single_value_proof` or
`verify_proof` with the root, proof, and the keys and values you want to
verify exists in the merkle trie.

Closes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3880

Contributes to #5400

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Co-authored-by: Ankan <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <[email protected]>