// Copyright 2017-2020 Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
// This file is part of Substrate.

// Substrate is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.

// Substrate is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.

// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with Substrate. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

//! Keystore (and session key management) for ed25519 based chains like Polkadot.

#![warn(missing_docs)]
use std::{collections::{HashMap, HashSet}, path::PathBuf, fs::{self, File}, io::{self, Write}, sync::Arc};
use sp_core::{
	crypto::{IsWrappedBy, CryptoTypePublicPair, KeyTypeId, Pair as PairT, ExposeSecret, SecretString, Public},
	traits::{BareCryptoStore, Error as TraitError},
	sr25519::{Public as Sr25519Public, Pair as Sr25519Pair},
	vrf::{VRFTranscriptData, VRFSignature, make_transcript},
	Encode,
};
use sp_application_crypto::{AppKey, AppPublic, AppPair, ed25519, sr25519, ecdsa};
use parking_lot::RwLock;

/// Keystore pointer
pub type KeyStorePtr = Arc<RwLock<Store>>;

/// Keystore error.
#[derive(Debug, derive_more::Display, derive_more::From)]
pub enum Error {
	/// IO error.
	Io(io::Error),
	/// JSON error.
	Json(serde_json::Error),
	/// Invalid password.
	#[display(fmt="Invalid password")]
	InvalidPassword,
	/// Invalid BIP39 phrase
	#[display(fmt="Invalid recovery phrase (BIP39) data")]
	InvalidPhrase,
	/// Invalid seed
	#[display(fmt="Invalid seed")]
	InvalidSeed,
	/// Public key type is not supported
	#[display(fmt="Key crypto type is not supported")]
	KeyNotSupported(KeyTypeId),
	/// Pair not found for public key and KeyTypeId
	#[display(fmt="Pair not found for {} public key", "_0")]
	PairNotFound(String),
	/// Keystore unavailable
	#[display(fmt="Keystore unavailable")]
	Unavailable,
}

/// Keystore Result
pub type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, Error>;

impl From<Error> for TraitError {
	fn from(error: Error) -> Self {
		match error {
			Error::KeyNotSupported(id) => TraitError::KeyNotSupported(id),
			Error::PairNotFound(e) => TraitError::PairNotFound(e),
			Error::InvalidSeed | Error::InvalidPhrase | Error::InvalidPassword => {
				TraitError::ValidationError(error.to_string())
			},
			Error::Unavailable => TraitError::Unavailable,
			Error::Io(e) => TraitError::Other(e.to_string()),
			Error::Json(e) => TraitError::Other(e.to_string()),
		}
	}
}

impl std::error::Error for Error {
	fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn std::error::Error + 'static)> {
		match self {
			Error::Io(ref err) => Some(err),
			Error::Json(ref err) => Some(err),
			_ => None,
		}
	}
}

/// Key store.
///
/// Stores key pairs in a file system store + short lived key pairs in memory.
///
/// Every pair that is being generated by a `seed`, will be placed in memory.
pub struct Store {
	path: Option<PathBuf>,
	/// Map over `(KeyTypeId, Raw public key)` -> `Key phrase/seed`
	additional: HashMap<(KeyTypeId, Vec<u8>), String>,
	password: Option<SecretString>,
}

impl Store {
	/// Open the store at the given path.
	///
	/// Optionally takes a password that will be used to encrypt/decrypt the keys.
	pub fn open<T: Into<PathBuf>>(path: T, password: Option<SecretString>) -> Result<KeyStorePtr> {
		let path = path.into();
		fs::create_dir_all(&path)?;

		let instance = Self { path: Some(path), additional: HashMap::new(), password };
		Ok(Arc::new(RwLock::new(instance)))
	}

	/// Create a new in-memory store.
	pub fn new_in_memory() -> KeyStorePtr {
		Arc::new(RwLock::new(Self {
			path: None,
			additional: HashMap::new(),
			password: None
		}))
	}

	/// Get the key phrase for the given public key and key type from the in-memory store.
	fn get_additional_pair(
		&self,
		public: &[u8],
		key_type: KeyTypeId,
	) -> Option<&String> {
		let key = (key_type, public.to_vec());
		self.additional.get(&key)
	}

	/// Insert the given public/private key pair with the given key type.
	///
	/// Does not place it into the file system store.
	fn insert_ephemeral_pair<Pair: PairT>(&mut self, pair: &Pair, seed: &str, key_type: KeyTypeId) {
		let key = (key_type, pair.public().to_raw_vec());
		self.additional.insert(key, seed.into());
	}

	/// Insert a new key with anonymous crypto.
	///
	/// Places it into the file system store.
	fn insert_unknown(&self, key_type: KeyTypeId, suri: &str, public: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
		if let Some(path) = self.key_file_path(public, key_type) {
			let mut file = File::create(path).map_err(Error::Io)?;
			serde_json::to_writer(&file, &suri).map_err(Error::Json)?;
			file.flush().map_err(Error::Io)?;
		}
		Ok(())
	}

	/// Insert a new key.
	///
	/// Places it into the file system store.
	pub fn insert_by_type<Pair: PairT>(&self, key_type: KeyTypeId, suri: &str) -> Result<Pair> {
		let pair = Pair::from_string(
			suri,
			self.password()
		).map_err(|_| Error::InvalidSeed)?;
		self.insert_unknown(key_type, suri, pair.public().as_slice())
			.map_err(|_| Error::Unavailable)?;
		Ok(pair)
	}

	/// Insert a new key.
	///
	/// Places it into the file system store.
	pub fn insert<Pair: AppPair>(&self, suri: &str) -> Result<Pair> {
		self.insert_by_type::<Pair::Generic>(Pair::ID, suri).map(Into::into)
	}

	/// Generate a new key.
	///
	/// Places it into the file system store.
	pub fn generate_by_type<Pair: PairT>(&self, key_type: KeyTypeId) -> Result<Pair> {
		let (pair, phrase, _) = Pair::generate_with_phrase(self.password());
		if let Some(path) = self.key_file_path(pair.public().as_slice(), key_type) {
			let mut file = File::create(path)?;
			serde_json::to_writer(&file, &phrase)?;
			file.flush()?;
		}
		Ok(pair)
	}

	/// Generate a new key.
	///
	/// Places it into the file system store.
	pub fn generate<Pair: AppPair>(&self) -> Result<Pair> {
		self.generate_by_type::<Pair::Generic>(Pair::ID).map(Into::into)
	}

	/// Create a new key from seed.
	///
	/// Does not place it into the file system store.
	pub fn insert_ephemeral_from_seed_by_type<Pair: PairT>(
		&mut self,
		seed: &str,
		key_type: KeyTypeId,
	) -> Result<Pair> {
		let pair = Pair::from_string(seed, None).map_err(|_| Error::InvalidSeed)?;
		self.insert_ephemeral_pair(&pair, seed, key_type);
		Ok(pair)
	}

	/// Create a new key from seed.
	///
	/// Does not place it into the file system store.
	pub fn insert_ephemeral_from_seed<Pair: AppPair>(&mut self, seed: &str) -> Result<Pair> {
		self.insert_ephemeral_from_seed_by_type::<Pair::Generic>(seed, Pair::ID).map(Into::into)
	}

	/// Get the key phrase for a given public key and key type.
	fn key_phrase_by_type(&self, public: &[u8], key_type: KeyTypeId) -> Result<String> {
		if let Some(phrase) = self.get_additional_pair(public, key_type) {
			return Ok(phrase.clone())
		}

		let path = self.key_file_path(public, key_type).ok_or_else(|| Error::Unavailable)?;
		let file = File::open(path)?;

		serde_json::from_reader(&file).map_err(Into::into)
	}

	/// Get a key pair for the given public key and key type.
	pub fn key_pair_by_type<Pair: PairT>(&self,
		public: &Pair::Public,
		key_type: KeyTypeId,
	) -> Result<Pair> {
		let phrase = self.key_phrase_by_type(public.as_slice(), key_type)?;
		let pair = Pair::from_string(
			&phrase,
			self.password(),
		).map_err(|_| Error::InvalidPhrase)?;

		if &pair.public() == public {
			Ok(pair)
		} else {
			Err(Error::InvalidPassword)
		}
	}

	/// Get a key pair for the given public key.
	pub fn key_pair<Pair: AppPair>(&self, public: &<Pair as AppKey>::Public) -> Result<Pair> {
		self.key_pair_by_type::<Pair::Generic>(IsWrappedBy::from_ref(public), Pair::ID).map(Into::into)
	}

	/// Get public keys of all stored keys that match the key type.
	///
	/// This will just use the type of the public key (a list of which to be returned) in order
	/// to determine the key type. Unless you use a specialized application-type public key, then
	/// this only give you keys registered under generic cryptography, and will not return keys
	/// registered under the application type.
	pub fn public_keys<Public: AppPublic>(&self) -> Result<Vec<Public>> {
		self.raw_public_keys(Public::ID)
			.map(|v| {
				v.into_iter()
				 .map(|k| Public::from_slice(k.as_slice()))
				 .collect()
			})
	}

	/// Returns the file path for the given public key and key type.
	fn key_file_path(&self, public: &[u8], key_type: KeyTypeId) -> Option<PathBuf> {
		let mut buf = self.path.as_ref()?.clone();
		let key_type = hex::encode(key_type.0);
		let key = hex::encode(public);
		buf.push(key_type + key.as_str());
		Some(buf)
	}

	/// Returns a list of raw public keys filtered by `KeyTypeId`
	fn raw_public_keys(&self, id: KeyTypeId) -> Result<Vec<Vec<u8>>> {
		let mut public_keys: Vec<Vec<u8>> = self.additional.keys()
			.into_iter()
			.filter_map(|k| if k.0 == id { Some(k.1.clone()) } else { None })
			.collect();

		if let Some(path) = &self.path {
			for entry in fs::read_dir(&path)? {
				let entry = entry?;
				let path = entry.path();

				// skip directories and non-unicode file names (hex is unicode)
				if let Some(name) = path.file_name().and_then(|n| n.to_str()) {
					match hex::decode(name) {
						Ok(ref hex) if hex.len() > 4 => {
							if &hex[0..4] != &id.0 {
								continue;
							}
							let public = hex[4..].to_vec();
							public_keys.push(public);
						}
						_ => continue,
					}
				}
			}
		}

		Ok(public_keys)
	}
}

impl BareCryptoStore for Store {
	fn keys(
		&self,
		id: KeyTypeId
	) -> std::result::Result<Vec<CryptoTypePublicPair>, TraitError> {
		let raw_keys = self.raw_public_keys(id)?;
		Ok(raw_keys.into_iter()
			.fold(Vec::new(), |mut v, k| {
				v.push(CryptoTypePublicPair(sr25519::CRYPTO_ID, k.clone()));
				v.push(CryptoTypePublicPair(ed25519::CRYPTO_ID, k.clone()));
				v.push(CryptoTypePublicPair(ecdsa::CRYPTO_ID, k));
				v
			}))
	}

	fn supported_keys(
		&self,
		id: KeyTypeId,
		keys: Vec<CryptoTypePublicPair>
	) -> std::result::Result<Vec<CryptoTypePublicPair>, TraitError> {
		let all_keys = self.keys(id)?.into_iter().collect::<HashSet<_>>();
		Ok(keys.into_iter()
		   .filter(|key| all_keys.contains(key))
		   .collect::<Vec<_>>())
	}

	fn sign_with(
		&self,
		id: KeyTypeId,
		key: &CryptoTypePublicPair,
		msg: &[u8],
	) -> std::result::Result<Vec<u8>, TraitError> {
		match key.0 {
			ed25519::CRYPTO_ID => {
				let pub_key = ed25519::Public::from_slice(key.1.as_slice());
				let key_pair: ed25519::Pair = self
					.key_pair_by_type::<ed25519::Pair>(&pub_key, id)
					.map_err(|e| TraitError::from(e))?;
				Ok(key_pair.sign(msg).encode())
			}
			sr25519::CRYPTO_ID => {
				let pub_key = sr25519::Public::from_slice(key.1.as_slice());
				let key_pair: sr25519::Pair = self
					.key_pair_by_type::<sr25519::Pair>(&pub_key, id)
					.map_err(|e| TraitError::from(e))?;
				Ok(key_pair.sign(msg).encode())
			},
			ecdsa::CRYPTO_ID => {
				let pub_key = ecdsa::Public::from_slice(key.1.as_slice());
				let key_pair: ecdsa::Pair = self
					.key_pair_by_type::<ecdsa::Pair>(&pub_key, id)
					.map_err(|e| TraitError::from(e))?;
				Ok(key_pair.sign(msg).encode())
			}
			_ => Err(TraitError::KeyNotSupported(id))
		}
	}

	fn sr25519_public_keys(&self, key_type: KeyTypeId) -> Vec<sr25519::Public> {
		self.raw_public_keys(key_type)
			.map(|v| {
				v.into_iter()
				 .map(|k| sr25519::Public::from_slice(k.as_slice()))
				 .collect()
			})
			.unwrap_or_default()
	}

	fn sr25519_generate_new(
		&mut self,
		id: KeyTypeId,
		seed: Option<&str>,
	) -> std::result::Result<sr25519::Public, TraitError> {
		let pair = match seed {
			Some(seed) => self.insert_ephemeral_from_seed_by_type::<sr25519::Pair>(seed, id),
			None => self.generate_by_type::<sr25519::Pair>(id),
		}.map_err(|e| -> TraitError { e.into() })?;

		Ok(pair.public())
	}

	fn ed25519_public_keys(&self, key_type: KeyTypeId) -> Vec<ed25519::Public> {
		self.raw_public_keys(key_type)
			.map(|v| {
				v.into_iter()
				 .map(|k| ed25519::Public::from_slice(k.as_slice()))
				 .collect()
			})
    		.unwrap_or_default()
	}

	fn ed25519_generate_new(
		&mut self,
		id: KeyTypeId,
		seed: Option<&str>,
	) -> std::result::Result<ed25519::Public, TraitError> {
		let pair = match seed {
			Some(seed) => self.insert_ephemeral_from_seed_by_type::<ed25519::Pair>(seed, id),
			None => self.generate_by_type::<ed25519::Pair>(id),
		}.map_err(|e| -> TraitError { e.into() })?;

		Ok(pair.public())
	}

	fn ecdsa_public_keys(&self, key_type: KeyTypeId) -> Vec<ecdsa::Public> {
		self.raw_public_keys(key_type)
			.map(|v| {
				v.into_iter()
					.map(|k| ecdsa::Public::from_slice(k.as_slice()))
					.collect()
			})
			.unwrap_or_default()
	}

	fn ecdsa_generate_new(
		&mut self,
		id: KeyTypeId,
		seed: Option<&str>,
	) -> std::result::Result<ecdsa::Public, TraitError> {
		let pair = match seed {
			Some(seed) => self.insert_ephemeral_from_seed_by_type::<ecdsa::Pair>(seed, id),
			None => self.generate_by_type::<ecdsa::Pair>(id),
		}.map_err(|e| -> TraitError { e.into() })?;

		Ok(pair.public())
	}

	fn insert_unknown(&mut self, key_type: KeyTypeId, suri: &str, public: &[u8])
		-> std::result::Result<(), ()>
	{
		Store::insert_unknown(self, key_type, suri, public).map_err(|_| ())
	}

	fn password(&self) -> Option<&str> {
		self.password.as_ref()
			.map(|p| p.expose_secret())
			.map(|p| p.as_str())
	}

	fn has_keys(&self, public_keys: &[(Vec<u8>, KeyTypeId)]) -> bool {
		public_keys.iter().all(|(p, t)| self.key_phrase_by_type(&p, *t).is_ok())
	}

	fn sr25519_vrf_sign(
		&self,
		key_type: KeyTypeId,
		public: &Sr25519Public,
		transcript_data: VRFTranscriptData,
	) -> std::result::Result<VRFSignature, TraitError> {
		let transcript = make_transcript(transcript_data);
		let pair = self.key_pair_by_type::<Sr25519Pair>(public, key_type)
			.map_err(|e| TraitError::PairNotFound(e.to_string()))?;

		let (inout, proof, _) = pair.as_ref().vrf_sign(transcript);
		Ok(VRFSignature {
			output: inout.to_output(),
			proof,
		})
	}
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
	use super::*;
	use tempfile::TempDir;
	use sp_core::{testing::SR25519, crypto::Ss58Codec};
	use std::str::FromStr;

	#[test]
	fn basic_store() {
		let temp_dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
		let store = Store::open(temp_dir.path(), None).unwrap();

		assert!(store.read().public_keys::<ed25519::AppPublic>().unwrap().is_empty());

		let key: ed25519::AppPair = store.write().generate().unwrap();
		let key2: ed25519::AppPair = store.read().key_pair(&key.public()).unwrap();

		assert_eq!(key.public(), key2.public());

		assert_eq!(store.read().public_keys::<ed25519::AppPublic>().unwrap()[0], key.public());
	}

	#[test]
	fn test_insert_ephemeral_from_seed() {
		let temp_dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
		let store = Store::open(temp_dir.path(), None).unwrap();

		let pair: ed25519::AppPair = store
			.write()
			.insert_ephemeral_from_seed("0x3d97c819d68f9bafa7d6e79cb991eebcd77d966c5334c0b94d9e1fa7ad0869dc")
			.unwrap();
		assert_eq!(
			"5DKUrgFqCPV8iAXx9sjy1nyBygQCeiUYRFWurZGhnrn3HJCA",
			pair.public().to_ss58check()
		);

		drop(store);
		let store = Store::open(temp_dir.path(), None).unwrap();
		// Keys generated from seed should not be persisted!
		assert!(store.read().key_pair::<ed25519::AppPair>(&pair.public()).is_err());
	}

	#[test]
	fn password_being_used() {
		let password = String::from("password");
		let temp_dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
		let store = Store::open(
			temp_dir.path(),
			Some(FromStr::from_str(password.as_str()).unwrap()),
		).unwrap();

		let pair: ed25519::AppPair = store.write().generate().unwrap();
		assert_eq!(
			pair.public(),
			store.read().key_pair::<ed25519::AppPair>(&pair.public()).unwrap().public(),
		);

		// Without the password the key should not be retrievable
		let store = Store::open(temp_dir.path(), None).unwrap();
		assert!(store.read().key_pair::<ed25519::AppPair>(&pair.public()).is_err());

		let store = Store::open(
			temp_dir.path(),
			Some(FromStr::from_str(password.as_str()).unwrap()),
		).unwrap();
		assert_eq!(
			pair.public(),
			store.read().key_pair::<ed25519::AppPair>(&pair.public()).unwrap().public(),
		);
	}

	#[test]
	fn public_keys_are_returned() {
		let temp_dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
		let store = Store::open(temp_dir.path(), None).unwrap();

		let mut public_keys = Vec::new();
		for i in 0..10 {
			public_keys.push(store.write().generate::<ed25519::AppPair>().unwrap().public());
			public_keys.push(store.write().insert_ephemeral_from_seed::<ed25519::AppPair>(
				&format!("0x3d97c819d68f9bafa7d6e79cb991eebcd7{}d966c5334c0b94d9e1fa7ad0869dc", i),
			).unwrap().public());
		}

		// Generate a key of a different type
		store.write().generate::<sr25519::AppPair>().unwrap();

		public_keys.sort();
		let mut store_pubs = store.read().public_keys::<ed25519::AppPublic>().unwrap();
		store_pubs.sort();

		assert_eq!(public_keys, store_pubs);
	}

	#[test]
	fn store_unknown_and_extract_it() {
		let temp_dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
		let store = Store::open(temp_dir.path(), None).unwrap();

		let secret_uri = "//Alice";
		let key_pair = sr25519::AppPair::from_string(secret_uri, None).expect("Generates key pair");

		store.write().insert_unknown(
			SR25519,
			secret_uri,
			key_pair.public().as_ref(),
		).expect("Inserts unknown key");

		let store_key_pair = store.read().key_pair_by_type::<sr25519::AppPair>(
			&key_pair.public(),
			SR25519,
		).expect("Gets key pair from keystore");

		assert_eq!(key_pair.public(), store_key_pair.public());
	}

	#[test]
	fn store_ignores_files_with_invalid_name() {
		let temp_dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
		let store = Store::open(temp_dir.path(), None).unwrap();

		let file_name = temp_dir.path().join(hex::encode(&SR25519.0[..2]));
		fs::write(file_name, "test").expect("Invalid file is written");

		assert!(
			store.read().sr25519_public_keys(SR25519).is_empty(),
		);
	}
}
