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    // Copyright 2015-2017 Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
    // This file is part of Parity.

    // Parity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    // it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    // the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
    // (at your option) any later version.

    // Parity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
    // GNU General Public License for more details.

    // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    // along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

    //! Single account in the system.

    use util::*;
    use pod_account::*;
    use rlp::*;
    use lru_cache::LruCache;
    use basic_account::BasicAccount;

    use std::cell::{RefCell, Cell};

    const STORAGE_CACHE_ITEMS: usize = 8192;

    /// Single account in the system.
    /// Keeps track of changes to the code and storage.
    /// The changes are applied in `commit_storage` and `commit_code`
    pub struct Account {
    	// Balance of the account.
    	balance: U256,
    	// Nonce of the account.
    	nonce: U256,
    	// Trie-backed storage.
    	storage_root: H256,
    	// LRU Cache of the trie-backed storage.
    	// This is limited to `STORAGE_CACHE_ITEMS` recent queries
    	storage_cache: RefCell<LruCache<H256, H256>>,
    	// Modified storage. Accumulates changes to storage made in `set_storage`
    	// Takes precedence over `storage_cache`.
    	storage_changes: HashMap<H256, H256>,
    	// Code hash of the account.
    	code_hash: H256,
    	// Size of the accoun code.
    	code_size: Option<usize>,
    	// Code cache of the account.
    	code_cache: Arc<Bytes>,
    	// Account code new or has been modified.
    	code_filth: Filth,
    	// Cached address hash.
    	address_hash: Cell<Option<H256>>,
    }

    impl From<BasicAccount> for Account {
    	fn from(basic: BasicAccount) -> Self {
    		Account {
    			balance: basic.balance,
    			nonce: basic.nonce,
    			storage_root: basic.storage_root,
    			storage_cache: Self::empty_storage_cache(),
    			storage_changes: HashMap::new(),
    			code_hash: basic.code_hash,
    			code_size: None,
    			code_cache: Arc::new(vec![]),
    			code_filth: Filth::Clean,
    			address_hash: Cell::new(None),
    		}
    	}
    }

    impl Account {
    	#[cfg(test)]
    	/// General constructor.
    	pub fn new(balance: U256, nonce: U256, storage: HashMap<H256, H256>, code: Bytes) -> Account {
    		Account {
    			balance: balance,
    			nonce: nonce,
    			storage_root: SHA3_NULL_RLP,
    			storage_cache: Self::empty_storage_cache(),
    			storage_changes: storage,
    			code_hash: code.sha3(),
    			code_size: Some(code.len()),
    			code_cache: Arc::new(code),
    			code_filth: Filth::Dirty,
    			address_hash: Cell::new(None),
    		}
    	}

    	fn empty_storage_cache() -> RefCell<LruCache<H256, H256>> {
    		RefCell::new(LruCache::new(STORAGE_CACHE_ITEMS))
    	}

    	/// General constructor.
    	pub fn from_pod(pod: PodAccount) -> Account {
    		Account {
    			balance: pod.balance,
    			nonce: pod.nonce,
    			storage_root: SHA3_NULL_RLP,
    			storage_cache: Self::empty_storage_cache(),
    			storage_changes: pod.storage.into_iter().collect(),
    			code_hash: pod.code.as_ref().map_or(SHA3_EMPTY, |c| c.sha3()),
    			code_filth: Filth::Dirty,
    			code_size: Some(pod.code.as_ref().map_or(0, |c| c.len())),
    			code_cache: Arc::new(pod.code.map_or_else(|| { warn!("POD account with unknown code is being created! Assuming no code."); vec![] }, |c| c)),
    			address_hash: Cell::new(None),
    		}
    	}

    	/// Create a new account with the given balance.
    	pub fn new_basic(balance: U256, nonce: U256) -> Account {
    		Account {
    			balance: balance,
    			nonce: nonce,
    			storage_root: SHA3_NULL_RLP,
    			storage_cache: Self::empty_storage_cache(),
    			storage_changes: HashMap::new(),
    			code_hash: SHA3_EMPTY,
    			code_cache: Arc::new(vec![]),
    			code_size: Some(0),
    			code_filth: Filth::Clean,
    			address_hash: Cell::new(None),
    		}
    	}

    	/// Create a new account from RLP.
    	pub fn from_rlp(rlp: &[u8]) -> Account {
    		let basic: BasicAccount = ::rlp::decode(rlp);
    		basic.into()
    	}

    	/// Create a new contract account.
    	/// NOTE: make sure you use `init_code` on this before `commit`ing.
    	pub fn new_contract(balance: U256, nonce: U256) -> Account {
    		Account {
    			balance: balance,
    			nonce: nonce,
    			storage_root: SHA3_NULL_RLP,
    			storage_cache: Self::empty_storage_cache(),
    			storage_changes: HashMap::new(),
    			code_hash: SHA3_EMPTY,
    			code_cache: Arc::new(vec![]),
    			code_size: None,
    			code_filth: Filth::Clean,
    			address_hash: Cell::new(None),
    		}
    	}

    	/// Set this account's code to the given code.
    	/// NOTE: Account should have been created with `new_contract()`
    	pub fn init_code(&mut self, code: Bytes) {
    		self.code_hash = code.sha3();
    		self.code_cache = Arc::new(code);
    		self.code_size = Some(self.code_cache.len());
    		self.code_filth = Filth::Dirty;
    	}

    	/// Reset this account's code to the given code.
    	pub fn reset_code(&mut self, code: Bytes) {
    		self.init_code(code);
    	}

    	/// Set (and cache) the contents of the trie's storage at `key` to `value`.
    	pub fn set_storage(&mut self, key: H256, value: H256) {
    		self.storage_changes.insert(key, value);
    	}

    	/// Get (and cache) the contents of the trie's storage at `key`.
    	/// Takes modifed storage into account.
    	pub fn storage_at(&self, db: &HashDB, key: &H256) -> H256 {
    		if let Some(value) = self.cached_storage_at(key) {
    			return value;
    		}
    		let db = SecTrieDB::new(db, &self.storage_root)
    			.expect("Account storage_root initially set to zero (valid) and only altered by SecTrieDBMut. \
    			SecTrieDBMut would not set it to an invalid state root. Therefore the root is valid and DB creation \
    			using it will not fail.");

    		let item: U256 = match db.get_with(key, ::rlp::decode) {
    			Ok(x) => x.unwrap_or_else(U256::zero),
    			Err(e) => panic!("Encountered potential DB corruption: {}", e),
    		};
    		let value: H256 = item.into();
    		self.storage_cache.borrow_mut().insert(key.clone(), value.clone());
    		value
    	}

    	/// Get cached storage value if any. Returns `None` if the
    	/// key is not in the cache.
    	pub fn cached_storage_at(&self, key: &H256) -> Option<H256> {
    		if let Some(value) = self.storage_changes.get(key) {
    			return Some(value.clone())
    		}
    		if let Some(value) = self.storage_cache.borrow_mut().get_mut(key) {
    			return Some(value.clone())
    		}
    		None
    	}

    	/// return the balance associated with this account.
    	pub fn balance(&self) -> &U256 { &self.balance }

    	/// return the nonce associated with this account.
    	pub fn nonce(&self) -> &U256 { &self.nonce }

    	/// return the code hash associated with this account.
    	pub fn code_hash(&self) -> H256 {
    		self.code_hash.clone()
    	}

    	/// return the code hash associated with this account.
    	pub fn address_hash(&self, address: &Address) -> H256 {
    		let hash = self.address_hash.get();
    		hash.unwrap_or_else(|| {
    			let hash = address.sha3();
    			self.address_hash.set(Some(hash.clone()));
    			hash
    		})
    	}

    	/// returns the account's code. If `None` then the code cache isn't available -
    	/// get someone who knows to call `note_code`.
    	pub fn code(&self) -> Option<Arc<Bytes>> {
    		if self.code_hash != SHA3_EMPTY && self.code_cache.is_empty() {
    			return None;
    		}
    		Some(self.code_cache.clone())
    	}

    	/// returns the account's code size. If `None` then the code cache or code size cache isn't available -
    	/// get someone who knows to call `note_code`.
    	pub fn code_size(&self) -> Option<usize> {
    		self.code_size.clone()
    	}

    	#[cfg(test)]
    	/// Provide a byte array which hashes to the `code_hash`. returns the hash as a result.
    	pub fn note_code(&mut self, code: Bytes) -> Result<(), H256> {
    		let h = code.sha3();
    		if self.code_hash == h {
    			self.code_cache = Arc::new(code);
    			self.code_size = Some(self.code_cache.len());
    			Ok(())
    		} else {
    			Err(h)
    		}
    	}

    	/// Is `code_cache` valid; such that code is going to return Some?
    	pub fn is_cached(&self) -> bool {
    		!self.code_cache.is_empty() || (self.code_cache.is_empty() && self.code_hash == SHA3_EMPTY)
    	}

    	/// Provide a database to get `code_hash`. Should not be called if it is a contract without code.
    	pub fn cache_code(&mut self, db: &HashDB) -> Option<Arc<Bytes>> {
    		// TODO: fill out self.code_cache;
    		trace!("Account::cache_code: ic={}; self.code_hash={:?}, self.code_cache={}", self.is_cached(), self.code_hash, self.code_cache.pretty());

    		if self.is_cached() { return Some(self.code_cache.clone()) }

    		match db.get(&self.code_hash) {
    			Some(x) => {
    				self.code_size = Some(x.len());
    				self.code_cache = Arc::new(x.to_vec());
    				Some(self.code_cache.clone())
    			},
    			_ => {
    				warn!("Failed reverse get of {}", self.code_hash);
    				None
    			},
    		}
    	}

    	/// Provide code to cache. For correctness, should be the correct code for the
    	/// account.
    	pub fn cache_given_code(&mut self, code: Arc<Bytes>) {
    		trace!("Account::cache_given_code: ic={}; self.code_hash={:?}, self.code_cache={}", self.is_cached(), self.code_hash, self.code_cache.pretty());

    		self.code_size = Some(code.len());
    		self.code_cache = code;
    	}

    	/// Provide a database to get `code_size`. Should not be called if it is a contract without code.
    	pub fn cache_code_size(&mut self, db: &HashDB) -> bool {
    		// TODO: fill out self.code_cache;
    		trace!("Account::cache_code_size: ic={}; self.code_hash={:?}, self.code_cache={}", self.is_cached(), self.code_hash, self.code_cache.pretty());
    		self.code_size.is_some() ||
    			if self.code_hash != SHA3_EMPTY {
    				match db.get(&self.code_hash) {
    					Some(x) => {
    						self.code_size = Some(x.len());
    						true
    					},
    					_ => {
    						warn!("Failed reverse get of {}", self.code_hash);
    						false
    					},
    				}
    			} else {
    				false
    			}
    	}

    	/// Determine whether there are any un-`commit()`-ed storage-setting operations.
    	pub fn storage_is_clean(&self) -> bool { self.storage_changes.is_empty() }

    	/// Check if account has zero nonce, balance, no code and no storage.
    	///
    	/// NOTE: Will panic if `!self.storage_is_clean()`
    	pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
    		assert!(self.storage_is_clean(), "Account::is_empty() may only legally be called when storage is clean.");
    		self.is_null() && self.storage_root == SHA3_NULL_RLP
    	}

    	/// Check if account has zero nonce, balance, no code.
    	pub fn is_null(&self) -> bool {
    		self.balance.is_zero() &&
    		self.nonce.is_zero() &&
    		self.code_hash == SHA3_EMPTY
    	}

    	/// Return the storage root associated with this account or None if it has been altered via the overlay.
    	pub fn storage_root(&self) -> Option<&H256> { if self.storage_is_clean() {Some(&self.storage_root)} else {None} }

    	/// Return the storage overlay.
    	pub fn storage_changes(&self) -> &HashMap<H256, H256> { &self.storage_changes }

    	/// Increment the nonce of the account by one.
    	pub fn inc_nonce(&mut self) {
    		self.nonce = self.nonce + U256::from(1u8);
    	}

    	/// Increase account balance.
    	pub fn add_balance(&mut self, x: &U256) {
    		self.balance = self.balance + *x;
    	}

    	/// Decrease account balance.
    	/// Panics if balance is less than `x`
    	pub fn sub_balance(&mut self, x: &U256) {
    		assert!(self.balance >= *x);
    		self.balance = self.balance - *x;
    	}

    	/// Commit the `storage_changes` to the backing DB and update `storage_root`.
    	pub fn commit_storage(&mut self, trie_factory: &TrieFactory, db: &mut HashDB) {
    		let mut t = trie_factory.from_existing(db, &mut self.storage_root)
    			.expect("Account storage_root initially set to zero (valid) and only altered by SecTrieDBMut. \
    				SecTrieDBMut would not set it to an invalid state root. Therefore the root is valid and DB creation \
    				using it will not fail.");
    		for (k, v) in self.storage_changes.drain() {
    			// cast key and value to trait type,
    			// so we can call overloaded `to_bytes` method
    			let res = match v.is_zero() {
    				true => t.remove(&k),
    				false => t.insert(&k, &encode(&U256::from(&*v))),
    			};

    			if let Err(e) = res {
    				warn!("Encountered potential DB corruption: {}", e);
    			}
    			self.storage_cache.borrow_mut().insert(k, v);
    		}
    	}

    	/// Commit any unsaved code. `code_hash` will always return the hash of the `code_cache` after this.
    	pub fn commit_code(&mut self, db: &mut HashDB) {
    		trace!("Commiting code of {:?} - {:?}, {:?}", self, self.code_filth == Filth::Dirty, self.code_cache.is_empty());
    		match (self.code_filth == Filth::Dirty, self.code_cache.is_empty()) {
    			(true, true) => {
    				self.code_size = Some(0);
    				self.code_filth = Filth::Clean;
    			},
    			(true, false) => {
    				db.emplace(self.code_hash.clone(), DBValue::from_slice(&*self.code_cache));
    				self.code_size = Some(self.code_cache.len());
    				self.code_filth = Filth::Clean;
    			},
    			(false, _) => {},
    		}
    	}

    	/// Export to RLP.
    	pub fn rlp(&self) -> Bytes {
    		let mut stream = RlpStream::new_list(4);
    		stream.append(&self.nonce);
    		stream.append(&self.balance);
    		stream.append(&self.storage_root);
    		stream.append(&self.code_hash);
    		stream.out()
    	}

    	/// Clone basic account data
    	pub fn clone_basic(&self) -> Account {
    		Account {
    			balance: self.balance.clone(),
    			nonce: self.nonce.clone(),
    			storage_root: self.storage_root.clone(),
    			storage_cache: Self::empty_storage_cache(),
    			storage_changes: HashMap::new(),
    			code_hash: self.code_hash.clone(),
    			code_size: self.code_size.clone(),
    			code_cache: self.code_cache.clone(),
    			code_filth: self.code_filth,
    			address_hash: self.address_hash.clone(),
    		}
    	}

    	/// Clone account data and dirty storage keys
    	pub fn clone_dirty(&self) -> Account {
    		let mut account = self.clone_basic();
    		account.storage_changes = self.storage_changes.clone();
    		account.code_cache = self.code_cache.clone();
    		account
    	}

    	/// Clone account data, dirty storage keys and cached storage keys.
    	pub fn clone_all(&self) -> Account {
    		let mut account = self.clone_dirty();
    		account.storage_cache = self.storage_cache.clone();
    		account
    	}

    	/// Replace self with the data from other account merging storage cache.
    	/// Basic account data and all modifications are overwritten
    	/// with new values.
    	pub fn overwrite_with(&mut self, other: Account) {
    		self.balance = other.balance;
    		self.nonce = other.nonce;
    		self.storage_root = other.storage_root;
    		self.code_hash = other.code_hash;
    		self.code_filth = other.code_filth;
    		self.code_cache = other.code_cache;
    		self.code_size = other.code_size;
    		self.address_hash = other.address_hash;
    		let mut cache = self.storage_cache.borrow_mut();
    		for (k, v) in other.storage_cache.into_inner() {
    			cache.insert(k.clone() , v.clone()); //TODO: cloning should not be required here
    		}
    		self.storage_changes = other.storage_changes;
    	}
    }

    // light client storage proof.
    impl Account {
    	/// Prove a storage key's existence or nonexistence in the account's storage
    	/// trie.
    	/// `storage_key` is the hash of the desired storage key, meaning
    	/// this will only work correctly under a secure trie.
    	/// Returns a merkle proof of the storage trie node with all nodes before `from_level`
    	/// omitted.
    	pub fn prove_storage(&self, db: &HashDB, storage_key: H256, from_level: u32) -> Result<Vec<Bytes>, Box<TrieError>> {
    		use util::trie::{Trie, TrieDB};
    		use util::trie::recorder::Recorder;

    		let mut recorder = Recorder::with_depth(from_level);

    		let trie = TrieDB::new(db, &self.storage_root)?;
    		let _ = trie.get_with(&storage_key, &mut recorder)?;

    		Ok(recorder.drain().into_iter().map(|r| r.data).collect())
    	}
    }

    impl fmt::Debug for Account {
    	fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
    		write!(f, "{:?}", PodAccount::from_account(self))
    	}
    }

    #[cfg(test)]
    mod tests {
    	use rlp::{UntrustedRlp, RlpType, View, Compressible};
    	use util::*;
    	use super::*;
    	use account_db::*;

    	#[test]
    	fn account_compress() {
    		let raw = Account::new_basic(2.into(), 4.into()).rlp();
    		let rlp = UntrustedRlp::new(&raw);
    		let compact_vec = rlp.compress(RlpType::Snapshot).to_vec();
    		assert!(raw.len() > compact_vec.len());
    		let again_raw = UntrustedRlp::new(&compact_vec).decompress(RlpType::Snapshot);
    		assert_eq!(raw, again_raw.to_vec());
        }

    	#[test]
    	fn storage_at() {
    		let mut db = MemoryDB::new();
    		let mut db = AccountDBMut::new(&mut db, &Address::new());
    		let rlp = {
    			let mut a = Account::new_contract(69.into(), 0.into());
    			a.set_storage(H256::from(&U256::from(0x00u64)), H256::from(&U256::from(0x1234u64)));
    			a.commit_storage(&Default::default(), &mut db);
    			a.init_code(vec![]);
    			a.commit_code(&mut db);
    			a.rlp()
    		};

    		let a = Account::from_rlp(&rlp);
    		assert_eq!(a.storage_root().unwrap().hex(), "c57e1afb758b07f8d2c8f13a3b6e44fa5ff94ab266facc5a4fd3f062426e50b2");
    		assert_eq!(a.storage_at(&db.immutable(), &H256::from(&U256::from(0x00u64))), H256::from(&U256::from(0x1234u64)));
    		assert_eq!(a.storage_at(&db.immutable(), &H256::from(&U256::from(0x01u64))), H256::new());
    	}

    	#[test]
    	fn note_code() {
    		let mut db = MemoryDB::new();
    		let mut db = AccountDBMut::new(&mut db, &Address::new());

    		let rlp = {
    			let mut a = Account::new_contract(69.into(), 0.into());
    			a.init_code(vec![0x55, 0x44, 0xffu8]);
    			a.commit_code(&mut db);
    			a.rlp()
    		};

    		let mut a = Account::from_rlp(&rlp);
    		assert!(a.cache_code(&db.immutable()).is_some());

    		let mut a = Account::from_rlp(&rlp);
    		assert_eq!(a.note_code(vec![0x55, 0x44, 0xffu8]), Ok(()));
    	}

    	#[test]
    	fn commit_storage() {
    		let mut a = Account::new_contract(69.into(), 0.into());
    		let mut db = MemoryDB::new();
    		let mut db = AccountDBMut::new(&mut db, &Address::new());
    		a.set_storage(0.into(), 0x1234.into());
    		assert_eq!(a.storage_root(), None);
    		a.commit_storage(&Default::default(), &mut db);
    		assert_eq!(a.storage_root().unwrap().hex(), "c57e1afb758b07f8d2c8f13a3b6e44fa5ff94ab266facc5a4fd3f062426e50b2");
    	}

    	#[test]
    	fn commit_remove_commit_storage() {
    		let mut a = Account::new_contract(69.into(), 0.into());
    		let mut db = MemoryDB::new();
    		let mut db = AccountDBMut::new(&mut db, &Address::new());
    		a.set_storage(0.into(), 0x1234.into());
    		a.commit_storage(&Default::default(), &mut db);
    		a.set_storage(1.into(), 0x1234.into());
    		a.commit_storage(&Default::default(), &mut db);
    		a.set_storage(1.into(), 0.into());
    		a.commit_storage(&Default::default(), &mut db);
    		assert_eq!(a.storage_root().unwrap().hex(), "c57e1afb758b07f8d2c8f13a3b6e44fa5ff94ab266facc5a4fd3f062426e50b2");
    	}

    	#[test]
    	fn commit_code() {
    		let mut a = Account::new_contract(69.into(), 0.into());
    		let mut db = MemoryDB::new();
    		let mut db = AccountDBMut::new(&mut db, &Address::new());
    		a.init_code(vec![0x55, 0x44, 0xffu8]);
    		assert_eq!(a.code_filth, Filth::Dirty);
    		assert_eq!(a.code_size(), Some(3));
    		a.commit_code(&mut db);
    		assert_eq!(a.code_hash().hex(), "af231e631776a517ca23125370d542873eca1fb4d613ed9b5d5335a46ae5b7eb");
    	}

    	#[test]
    	fn reset_code() {
    		let mut a = Account::new_contract(69.into(), 0.into());
    		let mut db = MemoryDB::new();
    		let mut db = AccountDBMut::new(&mut db, &Address::new());
    		a.init_code(vec![0x55, 0x44, 0xffu8]);
    		assert_eq!(a.code_filth, Filth::Dirty);
    		a.commit_code(&mut db);
    		assert_eq!(a.code_filth, Filth::Clean);
    		assert_eq!(a.code_hash().hex(), "af231e631776a517ca23125370d542873eca1fb4d613ed9b5d5335a46ae5b7eb");
    		a.reset_code(vec![0x55]);
    		assert_eq!(a.code_filth, Filth::Dirty);
    		a.commit_code(&mut db);
    		assert_eq!(a.code_hash().hex(), "37bf2238b11b68cdc8382cece82651b59d3c3988873b6e0f33d79694aa45f1be");
    	}

    	#[test]
    	fn rlpio() {
    		let a = Account::new(U256::from(69u8), U256::from(0u8), HashMap::new(), Bytes::new());
    		let b = Account::from_rlp(&a.rlp());
    		assert_eq!(a.balance(), b.balance());
    		assert_eq!(a.nonce(), b.nonce());
    		assert_eq!(a.code_hash(), b.code_hash());
    		assert_eq!(a.storage_root(), b.storage_root());
    	}

    	#[test]
    	fn new_account() {
    		let a = Account::new(U256::from(69u8), U256::from(0u8), HashMap::new(), Bytes::new());
    		assert_eq!(a.rlp().to_hex(), "f8448045a056e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421a0c5d2460186f7233c927e7db2dcc703c0e500b653ca82273b7bfad8045d85a470");
    		assert_eq!(a.balance(), &U256::from(69u8));
    		assert_eq!(a.nonce(), &U256::from(0u8));
    		assert_eq!(a.code_hash(), SHA3_EMPTY);
    		assert_eq!(a.storage_root().unwrap(), &SHA3_NULL_RLP);
    	}

    	#[test]
    	fn create_account() {
    		let a = Account::new(U256::from(69u8), U256::from(0u8), HashMap::new(), Bytes::new());
    		assert_eq!(a.rlp().to_hex(), "f8448045a056e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421a0c5d2460186f7233c927e7db2dcc703c0e500b653ca82273b7bfad8045d85a470");
    	}

    }

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