This pr changes how the runtime api subsystem processes runtime api
requests. Instead of answering all of them in the subsystem task and
thus, making all requests sequential, we now answer them in a background
task. This enables us to serve multiple requests at once.

* guide: move erasure-root to candidate descriptor

* primitives: move erasure root to descriptor

* guide: unify candidate commitments and validation outputs

* primitives: unify validation outputs and candidate commitments

* parachains-runtime: fix fallout

* runtimes: fix fallout

* collation generation: fix fallout

* fix stray reference in primitives

* fix fallout in node-primitives

* fix remaining fallout in collation generation

* fix fallout in candidate validation

* fix fallout in runtime API subsystem

* fix fallout in subsystem messages

* fix fallout in candidate backing

* fix fallout in availability distribution

* don't clone

* clone

Co-authored-by: Sergei Shulepov <sergei@parity.io>

* guide: fix formatting for SessionInfo module

* primitives: SessionInfo type

* punt on approval keys

* ah, revert the type alias

* session info runtime module skeleton

* update the guide

* runtime/configuration: sync with the guide

* runtime/configuration: setters for newly added fields

* runtime/configuration: set codec indexes

* runtime/configuration: update test

* primitives: fix SessionInfo definition

* runtime/session_info: initial impl

* runtime/session_info: use initializer for session handling (wip)

* runtime/session_info: mock authority discovery trait

* guide: update the initializer's order

* runtime/session_info: tests skeleton

* runtime/session_info: store n_delay_tranches in Configuration

* runtime/session_info: punt on approval keys

* runtime/session_info: add some basic tests

* Update primitives/src/v1.rs

* small fixes

* remove codec index annotation on structs

* fix off-by-one error

* validator_discovery: accept a session index

* runtime: replace validator_discovery api with session_info

* Update runtime/parachains/src/session_info.rs

Co-authored-by: Sergei Shulepov <sergei@parity.io>

* runtime/session_info: add a comment about missing entries

* runtime/session_info: define the keys

* util: expose connect_to_past_session_validators

* util: allow session_info requests for jobs

* runtime-api: add mock test for session_info

* collator-protocol: add session_index to test state

* util: fix error message for runtime error

* fix compilation

* fix tests after merge with master

Co-authored-by: Sergei Shulepov <sergei@parity.io>

Bumps [tracing](https://github.com/tokio-rs/tracing) from 0.1.21 to 0.1.22.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/tokio-rs/tracing/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/tokio-rs/tracing/compare/tracing-0.1.21...tracing-0.1.22

)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>

Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

* use snake_case for log targets

* remove unused continue

* validator_discovery: when disconnecting, use all addresses

* validator_discovery: simplify request revokation

* fix a typo

* reexport prometheus-super for ease of use of other subsystems

* add some prometheus timers for collation generation subsystem

* add timing metrics to av-store

* add metrics to candidate backing

* add timing metric to bitfield signing

* add timing metrics to candidate selection

* add timing metrics to candidate-validation

* add timing metrics to chain-api

* add timing metrics to provisioner

* add timing metrics to runtime-api

* add timing metrics to availability-distribution

* add timing metrics to bitfield-distribution

* add timing metrics to collator protocol: collator side

* add timing metrics to collator protocol: validator side

* fix candidate validation test failures

* add timing metrics to pov distribution

* add timing metrics to statement-distribution

* use substrate_prometheus_endpoint prometheus reexport instead of prometheus_super

* don't include JOB_DELAY in bitfield-signing metrics

* give adder-collator ability to easily export its genesis-state and validation code

* wip: adder-collator pushbutton script

* don't attempt to register the adder-collator automatically

Instead, get these values with

```sh
target/release/adder-collator export-genesis-state
target/release/adder-collator export-genesis-wasm
```

And then register the parachain on https://polkadot.js.org/apps/?rpc=ws%3A%2F%2F127.0.0.1%3A9944#/explorer

To collect prometheus data, after running the script, create `prometheus.yml` per the instructions
at https://www.notion.so/paritytechnologies/Setting-up-Prometheus-locally-835cb3a9df7541a781c381006252b5ff


and then run:

```sh
docker run -v `pwd`/prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml:z --network host prom/prometheus
```

Demonstrates that data makes it across to prometheus, though it is likely to be useful in the future
to tweak the buckets.

* Update parachain/test-parachains/adder/collator/src/cli.rs

Co-authored-by: Andronik Ordian <write@reusable.software>

* use the grandpa-pause parameter

* skip metrics in tracing instrumentation

* remove unnecessary grandpa_pause cli param

Co-authored-by: Andronik Ordian <write@reusable.software>

* drop in tracing to replace log

* add structured logging to trace messages

* add structured logging to debug messages

* add structured logging to info messages

* add structured logging to warn messages

* add structured logging to error messages

* normalize spacing and Display vs Debug

* add instrumentation to the various 'fn run'

* use explicit tracing module throughout

* fix availability distribution test

* don't double-print errors

* remove further redundancy from logs

* fix test errors

* fix more test errors

* remove unused kv_log_macro

* fix unused variable

* add tracing spans to collation generation

* add tracing spans to av-store

* add tracing spans to backing

* add tracing spans to bitfield-signing

* add tracing spans to candidate-selection

* add tracing spans to candidate-validation

* add tracing spans to chain-api

* add tracing spans to provisioner

* add tracing spans to runtime-api

* add tracing spans to availability-distribution

* add tracing spans to bitfield-distribution

* add tracing spans to network-bridge

* add tracing spans to collator-protocol

* add tracing spans to pov-distribution

* add tracing spans to statement-distribution

* add tracing spans to overseer

* cleanup

* update tiny-keccak to 0.2

* update deps except bitvec and shared_memory

* fix some warning after futures upgrade

* remove useless package rename caused by bug in cargo-upgrade

* revert parity-util-mem *

* remove unused import

* cargo update

* remove all renames on parity-scale-codec

* remove the leftovers

* remove unused dep

* HRMP: Update the impl guide

* HRMP: Incorporate the channel notifications into the guide

* HRMP: Renaming in the impl guide

* HRMP: Constrain the maximum number of HRMP messages per candidate

This commit addresses the HRMP part of https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot/issues/1869



* XCM: Introduce HRMP related message types

* HRMP: Data structures and plumbing

* HRMP: Configuration

* HRMP: Data layout

* HRMP: Acceptance & Enactment

* HRMP: Test base logic

* Update adder collator

* HRMP: Runtime API for accessing inbound messages

Also, removing some redundant fully-qualified names.

* HRMP: Add diagnostic logging in acceptance criteria

* HRMP: Additional tests

* Self-review fixes

* save test refactorings for the next time

* Missed a return statement.

* a formatting blip

* Add missing logic for appending HRMP digests

* Remove the channel contents vectors which became empty

* Tighten HRMP channel digests invariants.

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Peter Goodspeed-Niklaus <coriolinus@users.noreply.github.com>

* Remove a note about sorting for channel id

* Add missing rustdocs to the configuration

* Clarify and update the invariant for HrmpChannelDigests

* Make the onboarding invariant less sloppy

Namely, introduce `Paras::is_valid_para` (in fact, it already is present
in the implementation) and hook up the invariant to that.

Note that this says "within a session" because I don't want to make it
super strict on the session boundary. The logic on the session boundary
should be extremely careful.

* Make `CandidateCheckContext` use T::BlockNumber for hrmp_watermark

Co-authored-by: Peter Goodspeed-Niklaus <coriolinus@users.noreply.github.com>

* fix: ensure candidate validation gets code based on occupied core assumption

* guide: runtime API for historical validation code

* add historical runtime API

* integrate into runtime API subsystem

* remove blocked TODO

* fix service build: enable notifications protocol only under real overseer

* Update node/subsystem/src/messages.rs

Co-authored-by: Sergei Shulepov <sergei@parity.io>

* fix compilation

Co-authored-by: Robert Habermeier <robert@Roberts-MacBook-Pro.local>
Co-authored-by: Sergei Shulepov <sergei@parity.io>

* Change SpawnedSubsystem type to log subsystem errors

* Remove clone

* DMP: data structures and plumbing

* DMP: Implement DMP logic in the router module

DMP: Integrate DMP parts into the inclusion module

* DMP: Introduce the max size limit for the size of a downward message

* DMP: Runtime API for accessing inbound messages

* OCD

Small clean ups

* DMP: fix the naming of the error

* DMP: add caution about a non-existent recipient

* start working on building the real overseer

Unfortunately, this fails to compile right now due to an upstream
failure to compile which is probably brought on by a recent upgrade
to rustc v1.47.

* fill in AllSubsystems internal constructors

* replace fn make_metrics with Metrics::attempt_to_register

* update to account for #1740

* remove Metrics::register, rename Metrics::attempt_to_register

* add 'static bounds to real_overseer type params

* pass authority_discovery and network_service to real_overseer

It's not straightforwardly obvious that this is the best way to handle
the case when there is no authority discovery service, but it seems
to be the best option available at the moment.

* select a proper database configuration for the availability store db

* use subdirectory for av-store database path

* apply Basti's patch which avoids needing to parameterize everything on Block

* simplify path extraction

* get all tests to compile

* Fix Prometheus double-registry error

for debugging purposes, added this to node/subsystem-util/src/lib.rs:472-476:

```rust
Some(registry) => Self::try_register(registry).map_err(|err| {
	eprintln!("PrometheusError calling {}::register: {:?}", std::any::type_name::<Self>(), err);
	err
}),
```

That pointed out where the registration was failing, which led to
this fix. The test still doesn't pass, but it now fails in a new
and different way!

* authorities must have authority discovery, but not necessarily overseer handlers

* fix broken SpawnedSubsystem impls

detailed logging determined that using the `Box::new` style of
future generation, the `self.run` method was never being called,
leading to dropped receivers / closed senders for those subsystems,
causing the overseer to shut down immediately.

This is not the final fix needed to get things working properly,
but it's a good start.

* use prometheus properly

Prometheus lets us register simple counters, which aren't very
interesting. It also allows us to register CounterVecs, which are.
With a CounterVec, you can provide a set of labels, which can
later be used to filter the counts.

We were using them wrong, though. This pattern was repeated in a
variety of places in the code:

```rust
// panics with an cardinality mismatch
let my_counter = register(CounterVec::new(opts, &["succeeded", "failed"])?, registry)?;
my_counter.with_label_values(&["succeeded"]).inc()
```

The problem is that the labels provided in the constructor are not
the set of legal values which can be annotated, but a set of individual
label names which can have individual, arbitrary values.

This commit fixes that.

* get av-store subsystem to actually run properly and not die on first signal

* typo fix: incomming -> incoming

* don't disable authority discovery in test nodes

* Fix rococo-v1 missing session keys

* Update node/core/av-store/Cargo.toml

* try dummying out av-store on non-full-nodes

* overseer and subsystems are required only for full nodes

* Reduce the amount of warnings on browser target

* Fix two more warnings

* InclusionInherent should actually have an Inherent module on rococo

* Ancestry: don't return genesis' parent hash

* Update Cargo.lock

* fix broken test

* update test script: specify chainspec as script argument

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <bkchr@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update node/service/src/lib.rs

Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <bkchr@users.noreply.github.com>

* node/service/src/lib: Return error via ? operator

* post-merge blues

* add is_collator flag

* prevent occasional av-store test panic

* simplify fix; expand application

* run authority_discovery in Role::Discover when collating

* distinguish between proposer closed channel errors

* add IsCollator enum, remove is_collator CLI flag

* improve formatting

* remove nop loop

* Fix some stuff

Co-authored-by: Andronik Ordian <write@reusable.software>
Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <git@kchr.de>
Co-authored-by: Fedor Sakharov <fedor.sakharov@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Robert Habermeier <robert@Roberts-MBP.lan1>
Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <bkchr@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Max Inden <mail@max-inden.de>

* annoying whitespaces

* update guide

Add `CheckValidationOutputs` runtime api and also change the
candidate-validation stuff

* promote ValidationOutputs to global primitives

i.e. move it from node specific primitives to global v1 primitives. This
will be needed when we share it later in the runtime inclusion module

* refactor acceptance checks in the inclusion module

factor out the common code to share it during the block inclusion and
for the forthcoming CheckValidationOutputs runtime api.

Also note that the acceptance criteria was updated to incorporate checks
that exist now in candidate-validation

* plumb the runtime api outside

* extract validation_data from ValidationOutputs

* use runtime-api to check validation outputs

apart from that refactor, update docs and tidy a bit

* Update the maxium code size

This is to fix a test that performs an upgrade.

* stupid, but it compiles

* redo

* cleanup

* add ValidatorDiscovery to msgs

* sketch network bridge code

* ConnectToAuthorities instead of validators

* more stuff

* cleanup

* more stuff

* complete ConnectToAuthoritiesState

* Update node/network/bridge/src/lib.rs

Co-authored-by: Peter Goodspeed-Niklaus <coriolinus@users.noreply.github.com>

* Collator protocol subsystem (#1659)

* WIP

* The initial implementation of the collator side.

* Improve comments

* Multiple collation requests

* Add more tests and comments to validator side

* Add comments, remove dead code

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Peter Goodspeed-Niklaus <coriolinus@users.noreply.github.com>

* Fix build after suggested changes

* Also connect to the next validator group

* Remove a Future impl and move TimeoutExt to util

* Minor nits

* Fix build

* Change FetchCollations back to FetchCollation

* Try this

* Final fixes

* Fix build

Co-authored-by: Peter Goodspeed-Niklaus <coriolinus@users.noreply.github.com>

* handle multiple in-flight connection requests

* handle cancelled requests

* Update node/core/runtime-api/src/lib.rs

Co-authored-by: Bernhard Schuster <bernhard@ahoi.io>

* redo it again

* more stuff

* redo it again

* update comments

* workaround Future is not Send

* fix trailing spaces

* clarify comments

* bridge: fix compilation in tests

* update more comments

* small fixes

* port collator protocol to new validator discovery api

* collator tests compile

* collator tests pass

* do not revoke a request when the stream receiver is closed

* make revoking opt-in

* fix is_fulfilled

* handle request revokation in collator

* tests

* wait for validator connections asyncronously

* fix compilation

* relabel my todos

* apply Fedor's patch

* resolve reconnection TODO

* resolve revoking TODO

* resolve channel capacity TODO

* resolve peer cloning TODO

* resolve peer disconnected TODO

* resolve PeerSet TODO

* wip tests

* more tests

* resolve Arc TODO

* rename pending to non_revoked

* one more test

* extract utility function into util crate

* fix compilation in tests

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Fedor Sakharov <fedor.sakharov@gmail.com>

* revert pin_project removal

* fix while let loop

* Revert "revert pin_project removal"

This reverts commit ae7f529d

.

* fix compilation

* Update node/subsystem/src/messages.rs

* docs on pub items

* guide updates

* remove a TODO

* small guide update

* fix a typo

* link to the issue

* validator discovery: on_request docs

Co-authored-by: Peter Goodspeed-Niklaus <coriolinus@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Fedor Sakharov <fedor.sakharov@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Bernhard Schuster <bernhard@ahoi.io>

* update primitives

* correct parent_head field

* make hrmp field pub

* refactor validation data: runtime

* refactor validation data: messages

* add arguments to full_validation_data runtime API

* port runtime API

* mostly port over candidate validation

* remove some parameters from ValidationParams

* guide: update candidate validation

* update candidate outputs

* update ValidationOutputs in primitives

* port over candidate validation

* add a new test for no-transient behavior

* update util runtime API wrappers

* candidate backing

* fix missing imports

* change some fields of validation data around

* runtime API impl

* update candidate validation

* fix backing tests

* grumbles from review

* fix av-store tests

* fix some more crates

* fix provisioner tests

* fix availability distribution tests

* port collation-generation to new validation data

* fix overseer tests

* Update roadmap/implementers-guide/src/node/utility/candidate-validation.md

Co-authored-by: Peter Goodspeed-Niklaus <coriolinus@users.noreply.github.com>

Co-authored-by: Peter Goodspeed-Niklaus <coriolinus@users.noreply.github.com>

* service-new: cosmetic changes

* overseer: draft of prometheus metrics

* metrics: update active_leaves metrics

* metrics: extract into functions

* metrics: resolve XXX

* metrics: it's ugly, but it works

* Bump Substrate

* metrics: move a bunch of code around

* Bumb substrate again

* metrics: fix a warning

* fix a warning in runtime

* metrics: statements signed

* metrics: statements impl RegisterMetrics

* metrics: refactor Metrics trait

* metrics: add Metrics assoc type to JobTrait

* metrics: move Metrics trait to util

* metrics: fix overseer

* metrics: fix backing

* metrics: fix candidate validation

* metrics: derive Default

* metrics: docs

* metrics: add stubs for other subsystems

* metrics: add more stubs and fix compilation

* metrics: fix doctest

* metrics: move to subsystem

* metrics: fix candidate validation

* metrics: bitfield signing

* metrics: av store

* metrics: chain API

* metrics: runtime API

* metrics: stub for avad

* metrics: candidates seconded

* metrics: ok I gave up

* metrics: provisioner

* metrics: remove a clone by requiring Metrics: Sync

* metrics: YAGNI

* metrics: remove another TODO

* metrics: for later

* metrics: add parachain_ prefix

* metrics: s/signed_statement/signed_statements

* utils: add a comment for job metrics

* metrics: address review comments

* metrics: oops

* metrics: make sure to save files before commit 😅



* use _total suffix for requests metrics

Co-authored-by: Max Inden <mail@max-inden.de>

* metrics: add tests for overseer

* update Cargo.lock

* overseer: add a test for CollationGeneration

* collation-generation: impl metrics

* collation-generation: use kebab-case for name

* collation-generation: add a constructor

Co-authored-by: Gav Wood <gavin@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: Ashley Ruglys <ashley.ruglys@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Max Inden <mail@max-inden.de>

* break out subsystem-util and subsystem-test-helpers into individual crates

* cause all packages to check successfully

* chain-api subsystem skeleton

* chain-api subsystem: draft impl

* chain-api subsystem: mock testclient

* chain-api subsystem: impl HeaderBacked for TestClient

* chain-api subsystem: impl basic tests

* chain-api subsystem: tiny guide

* chain-api subsystem: rename ChainApiRequestMessage to ChainApiMessage

* chain-api subsystem: add the page to the ToC

* chain-api subsystem: proper error type

* chain-api subsystem: impl ancestors request

* chain-api subsystem: tests for ancestors request

* guide: fix ancestor return type

* runtime-api subsystem: remove unused dep

* fix fmt

* fix outdated comment

* chain-api subsystem: s/format/to_string

* lower-case subsystem names

* chain-api subsystem: resolve Finalized todo

* chain-api subsystem: remove TODO

* extract request errors into a module

* remove caching TODO

* fix imports

* type defaults for ParachainHost

* add ValidationCode message

* implement core loop of runtime API subsystem

* subsystem trait implementation for runtime API subsystem

* implement a mock runtime API

* some tests that ensure requests are forwarded to runtime API correctly

* fix dependency grumbles

* improve RuntimeApiError API

* create a README on Runtime APIs

* add ParaId type

* write up runtime APIs

* more preamble

* rename

* rejig runtime APIs

* add occupied_since to `BlockNumber`

* skeleton crate for runtime API subsystem

* improve group_for_core

* improve docs on availability cores runtime API

* guide: freed -> free

* add primitives for runtime APIs

* create a v1 ParachainHost API trait

* guide: make validation code return `Option`al.

* skeleton runtime API helpers

* make parachain-host runtime-generic

* skeleton for most runtime API implementation functions

* guide: add runtime API helper methods

* implement new helpers of the inclusion module

* guide: remove retries check, as it is unneeded

* implement helpers for scheduler module for Runtime APIs

* clean up `validator_groups` implementation

* implement next_rotation_at and last_rotation_at

* guide: more helpers on GroupRotationInfo

* almost finish implementing runtime APIs

* add explicit block parameter to runtime API fns

* guide: generalize number parameter

* guide: add group_responsible to occupied-core

* update primitives due to guide changes

* finishing touches on runtime API implementation; squash warnings

* break out runtime API impl to separate file

* add tests for next_up logic

* test group rotation info

* point to filed TODO

* remove unused TODO [now]

* indentation

* guide: para -> para_id

* rename para field to para_id for core meta

* remove reference to outdated AvailabilityCores type

* add an event in `inclusion` for candidates being included or timing out

* guide: candidate events

* guide: adjust language

* Candidate events type from guide and adjust inclusion event

* implement `candidate_events` runtime API

* fix runtime test compilation

* max -> min

* fix typos

* guide: add `RuntimeAPIRequest::CandidateEvents`