lib.rs

// Copyright 2017-2020 Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
// This file is part of Polkadot.

// Polkadot is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.

// Polkadot is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.

// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with Polkadot. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

//! The Kusama runtime. This can be compiled with `#[no_std]`, ready for Wasm.

#![cfg_attr(not(feature = "std"), no_std)]
// `construct_runtime!` does a lot of recursion and requires us to increase the limit to 256.
#![recursion_limit = "256"]

use pallet_transaction_payment::CurrencyAdapter;
use sp_std::prelude::*;
use sp_std::collections::btree_map::BTreeMap;
use sp_core::u32_trait::{_1, _2, _3, _5};
use parity_scale_codec::{Encode, Decode};
use primitives::v1::{
	AccountId, AccountIndex, Balance, BlockNumber, CandidateEvent, CommittedCandidateReceipt,
	CoreState, GroupRotationInfo, Hash, Id as ParaId, Moment, Nonce, OccupiedCoreAssumption,
	PersistedValidationData, Signature, ValidationCode, ValidationCodeHash, ValidatorId,
	ValidatorIndex, InboundDownwardMessage, InboundHrmpMessage, SessionInfo,
};
use runtime_common::{
	claims, paras_registrar, xcm_sender, slots, auctions, crowdloan,
	SlowAdjustingFeeUpdate, CurrencyToVote, impls::DealWithFees,
	BlockHashCount, RocksDbWeight, BlockWeights, BlockLength, OffchainSolutionWeightLimit, OffchainSolutionLengthLimit,
	ToAuthor,
};

use runtime_parachains::origin as parachains_origin;
use runtime_parachains::configuration as parachains_configuration;
use runtime_parachains::shared as parachains_shared;
use runtime_parachains::inclusion as parachains_inclusion;
use runtime_parachains::paras_inherent as parachains_paras_inherent;
use runtime_parachains::initializer as parachains_initializer;
use runtime_parachains::session_info as parachains_session_info;
use runtime_parachains::paras as parachains_paras;
use runtime_parachains::dmp as parachains_dmp;
use runtime_parachains::ump as parachains_ump;
use runtime_parachains::hrmp as parachains_hrmp;
use runtime_parachains::scheduler as parachains_scheduler;
use runtime_parachains::reward_points as parachains_reward_points;
use runtime_parachains::runtime_api_impl::v1 as parachains_runtime_api_impl;

use xcm::v0::{MultiLocation::{self, Null, X1}, NetworkId, BodyId, Xcm, Junction::Parachain};
use xcm::v0::MultiAsset::{self, AllConcreteFungible};
use xcm_builder::{
	AccountId32Aliases, ChildParachainConvertsVia, SovereignSignedViaLocation, CurrencyAdapter as XcmCurrencyAdapter,
	ChildParachainAsNative, SignedAccountId32AsNative, ChildSystemParachainAsSuperuser, LocationInverter,
	IsConcrete, FixedWeightBounds, TakeWeightCredit, AllowTopLevelPaidExecutionFrom, AllowUnpaidExecutionFrom,
	IsChildSystemParachain, UsingComponents, BackingToPlurality, SignedToAccountId32,
};
use xcm_executor::XcmExecutor;
use sp_arithmetic::Perquintill;
use sp_runtime::{
	create_runtime_str, generic, impl_opaque_keys,
	ApplyExtrinsicResult, KeyTypeId, Percent, Permill, Perbill,
	transaction_validity::{TransactionValidity, TransactionSource, TransactionPriority},
	traits::{
		BlakeTwo256, Block as BlockT, OpaqueKeys, ConvertInto, AccountIdLookup,
		Extrinsic as ExtrinsicT, SaturatedConversion, Verify,
	},
};
#[cfg(feature = "runtime-benchmarks")]
use sp_runtime::RuntimeString;
use sp_version::RuntimeVersion;
use pallet_grandpa::{AuthorityId as GrandpaId, fg_primitives};
#[cfg(any(feature = "std", test))]
use sp_version::NativeVersion;
use sp_core::OpaqueMetadata;
use sp_staking::SessionIndex;
use frame_support::{
	parameter_types, construct_runtime, RuntimeDebug, PalletId,
	traits::{KeyOwnerProofSystem, LockIdentifier, Filter, InstanceFilter, All, MaxEncodedLen},
	weights::Weight,
};
use frame_system::{EnsureRoot, EnsureOneOf};
use pallet_im_online::sr25519::AuthorityId as ImOnlineId;
use authority_discovery_primitives::AuthorityId as AuthorityDiscoveryId;
use pallet_transaction_payment::{FeeDetails, RuntimeDispatchInfo};
use pallet_session::historical as session_historical;
use static_assertions::const_assert;
use beefy_primitives::crypto::AuthorityId as BeefyId;
use pallet_mmr_primitives as mmr;

#[cfg(feature = "std")]
pub use pallet_staking::StakerStatus;
#[cfg(any(feature = "std", test))]
pub use sp_runtime::BuildStorage;
pub use pallet_timestamp::Call as TimestampCall;
pub use pallet_balances::Call as BalancesCall;

/// Constant values used within the runtime.
pub mod constants;
use constants::{time::*, currency::*, fee::*};

// Weights used in the runtime.
mod weights;

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests;

// Make the WASM binary available.
#[cfg(feature = "std")]
include!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/wasm_binary.rs"));

/// Runtime version (Kusama).
pub const VERSION: RuntimeVersion = RuntimeVersion {
	spec_name: create_runtime_str!("kusama"),
	impl_name: create_runtime_str!("parity-kusama"),
	authoring_version: 2,
	spec_version: 9070,
	impl_version: 0,
	#[cfg(not(feature = "disable-runtime-api"))]
	apis: RUNTIME_API_VERSIONS,
	#[cfg(feature = "disable-runtime-api")]
	apis: version::create_apis_vec![[]],
	transaction_version: 5,
};

/// The BABE epoch configuration at genesis.
pub const BABE_GENESIS_EPOCH_CONFIG: babe_primitives::BabeEpochConfiguration =
	babe_primitives::BabeEpochConfiguration {
		c: PRIMARY_PROBABILITY,
		allowed_slots: babe_primitives::AllowedSlots::PrimaryAndSecondaryVRFSlots
	};

/// Native version.
#[cfg(any(feature = "std", test))]
pub fn native_version() -> NativeVersion {
	NativeVersion {
		runtime_version: VERSION,
		can_author_with: Default::default(),
	}
}

/// Don't allow swaps until parathread story is more mature.
pub struct BaseFilter;
impl Filter<Call> for BaseFilter {
	fn filter(c: &Call) -> bool {
		!matches!(c,
			Call::Registrar(paras_registrar::Call::swap(..))
		)
	}
}

type MoreThanHalfCouncil = EnsureOneOf<
	AccountId,
	EnsureRoot<AccountId>,
	pallet_collective::EnsureProportionMoreThan<_1, _2, AccountId, CouncilCollective>
>;

parameter_types! {
	pub const Version: RuntimeVersion = VERSION;
	pub const SS58Prefix: u8 = 2;
}

impl frame_system::Config for Runtime {
	type BaseCallFilter = BaseFilter;
	type BlockWeights = BlockWeights;
	type BlockLength = BlockLength;
	type Origin = Origin;
	type Call = Call;
	type Index = Nonce;
	type BlockNumber = BlockNumber;
	type Hash = Hash;
	type Hashing = BlakeTwo256;
	type AccountId = AccountId;
	type Lookup = AccountIdLookup<AccountId, ()>;
	type Header = generic::Header<BlockNumber, BlakeTwo256>;
	type Event = Event;
	type BlockHashCount = BlockHashCount;
	type DbWeight = RocksDbWeight;
	type Version = Version;
	type PalletInfo = PalletInfo;
	type AccountData = pallet_balances::AccountData<Balance>;
	type OnNewAccount = ();
	type OnKilledAccount = ();
	type SystemWeightInfo = weights::frame_system::WeightInfo<Runtime>;
	type SS58Prefix = SS58Prefix;
	type OnSetCode = ();
}

parameter_types! {
	pub MaximumSchedulerWeight: Weight = Perbill::from_percent(80) *
		BlockWeights::get().max_block;
	pub const MaxScheduledPerBlock: u32 = 50;
}

type ScheduleOrigin = EnsureOneOf<
	AccountId,
	EnsureRoot<AccountId>,
	pallet_collective::EnsureProportionAtLeast<_1, _2, AccountId, CouncilCollective>
>;

impl pallet_scheduler::Config for Runtime {
	type Event = Event;
	type Origin = Origin;
	type PalletsOrigin = OriginCaller;
	type Call = Call;
	type MaximumWeight = MaximumSchedulerWeight;
	type ScheduleOrigin = ScheduleOrigin;
	type MaxScheduledPerBlock = MaxScheduledPerBlock;
	type WeightInfo = weights::pallet_scheduler::WeightInfo<Runtime>;
}

parameter_types! {
	pub const EpochDuration: u64 = EPOCH_DURATION_IN_SLOTS as u64;
	pub const ExpectedBlockTime: Moment = MILLISECS_PER_BLOCK;
	pub const ReportLongevity: u64 =
		BondingDuration::get() as u64 * SessionsPerEra::get() as u64 * EpochDuration::get();
}

impl pallet_babe::Config for Runtime {
	type EpochDuration = EpochDuration;
	type ExpectedBlockTime = ExpectedBlockTime;

	// session module is the trigger
	type EpochChangeTrigger = pallet_babe::ExternalTrigger;

	type KeyOwnerProof = <Self::KeyOwnerProofSystem as KeyOwnerProofSystem<(
		KeyTypeId,
		pallet_babe::AuthorityId,
	)>>::Proof;

	type KeyOwnerIdentification = <Self::KeyOwnerProofSystem as KeyOwnerProofSystem<(
		KeyTypeId,
		pallet_babe::AuthorityId,
	)>>::IdentificationTuple;

	type KeyOwnerProofSystem = Historical;

	type HandleEquivocation =
		pallet_babe::EquivocationHandler<Self::KeyOwnerIdentification, Offences, ReportLongevity>;

	type WeightInfo = ();
}

parameter_types! {
	pub const IndexDeposit: Balance = 100 * CENTS;
}

impl pallet_indices::Config for Runtime {
	type AccountIndex = AccountIndex;
	type Currency = Balances;
	type Deposit = IndexDeposit;
	type Event = Event;
	type WeightInfo = weights::pallet_indices::WeightInfo<Runtime>;
}

parameter_types! {
	pub const ExistentialDeposit: Balance = 1 * CENTS;
	pub const MaxLocks: u32 = 50;
	pub const MaxReserves: u32 = 50;
}

impl pallet_balances::Config for Runtime {
	type Balance = Balance;
	type DustRemoval = ();
	type Event = Event;
	type ExistentialDeposit = ExistentialDeposit;
	type AccountStore = System;
	type MaxLocks = MaxLocks;
	type MaxReserves = MaxReserves;
	type ReserveIdentifier = [u8; 8];
	type WeightInfo = weights::pallet_balances::WeightInfo<Runtime>;
}

parameter_types! {
	pub const TransactionByteFee: Balance = 10 * MILLICENTS;
}

impl pallet_transaction_payment::Config for Runtime {
	type OnChargeTransaction = CurrencyAdapter<Balances, DealWithFees<Self>>;
	type TransactionByteFee = TransactionByteFee;
	type WeightToFee = WeightToFee;
	type FeeMultiplierUpdate = SlowAdjustingFeeUpdate<Self>;
}

parameter_types! {
	pub const MinimumPeriod: u64 = SLOT_DURATION / 2;
}
impl pallet_timestamp::Config for Runtime {
	type Moment = u64;
	type OnTimestampSet = Babe;
	type MinimumPeriod = MinimumPeriod;
	type WeightInfo = weights::pallet_timestamp::WeightInfo<Runtime>;
}

parameter_types! {
	pub const UncleGenerations: u32 = 0;
}

impl pallet_authorship::Config for Runtime {
	type FindAuthor = pallet_session::FindAccountFromAuthorIndex<Self, Babe>;
	type UncleGenerations = UncleGenerations;
	type FilterUncle = ();
	type EventHandler = (Staking, ImOnline);
}

parameter_types! {
	pub const Period: BlockNumber = 10 * MINUTES;
	pub const Offset: BlockNumber = 0;
}

impl_opaque_keys! {
	pub struct SessionKeys {
		pub grandpa: Grandpa,
		pub babe: Babe,
		pub im_online: ImOnline,
		pub para_validator: ParasInitializer,
		pub para_assignment: ParasSessionInfo,
		pub authority_discovery: AuthorityDiscovery,
	}
}

parameter_types! {
	pub const DisabledValidatorsThreshold: Perbill = Perbill::from_percent(17);
}

impl pallet_session::Config for Runtime {
	type Event = Event;
	type ValidatorId = AccountId;
	type ValidatorIdOf = pallet_staking::StashOf<Self>;
	type ShouldEndSession = Babe;
	type NextSessionRotation = Babe;
	type SessionManager = pallet_session::historical::NoteHistoricalRoot<Self, Staking>;
	type SessionHandler = <SessionKeys as OpaqueKeys>::KeyTypeIdProviders;
	type Keys = SessionKeys;
	type DisabledValidatorsThreshold = DisabledValidatorsThreshold;
	type WeightInfo = weights::pallet_session::WeightInfo<Runtime>;
}

impl pallet_session::historical::Config for Runtime {
	type FullIdentification = pallet_staking::Exposure<AccountId, Balance>;
	type FullIdentificationOf = pallet_staking::ExposureOf<Runtime>;
}

parameter_types! {
	// no signed phase for now, just unsigned.
	pub const SignedPhase: u32 = 0;
	pub const UnsignedPhase: u32 = EPOCH_DURATION_IN_SLOTS / 4;

	// fallback: run election on-chain.
	pub const Fallback: pallet_election_provider_multi_phase::FallbackStrategy =
		pallet_election_provider_multi_phase::FallbackStrategy::Nothing;
	pub SolutionImprovementThreshold: Perbill = Perbill::from_rational(5u32, 10_000);

	// miner configs
	pub const MinerMaxIterations: u32 = 10;
	pub OffchainRepeat: BlockNumber = 5;
}

sp_npos_elections::generate_solution_type!(
	#[compact]
	pub struct NposCompactSolution24::<
		VoterIndex = u32,
		TargetIndex = u16,
		Accuracy = sp_runtime::PerU16,
	>(24)
);

impl pallet_election_provider_multi_phase::Config for Runtime {
	type Event = Event;
	type Currency = Balances;
	type UnsignedPhase = UnsignedPhase;
	type SignedPhase = SignedPhase;
	type SolutionImprovementThreshold = SolutionImprovementThreshold;
	type MinerMaxIterations = MinerMaxIterations;
	type MinerMaxWeight = OffchainSolutionWeightLimit; // For now use the one from staking.
	type MinerMaxLength = OffchainSolutionLengthLimit;
	type OffchainRepeat = OffchainRepeat;
	type MinerTxPriority = NposSolutionPriority;
	type DataProvider = Staking;
	type CompactSolution = NposCompactSolution24;
	type OnChainAccuracy = Perbill;
	type Fallback = Fallback;
	type BenchmarkingConfig = ();
	type ForceOrigin = EnsureOneOf<
		AccountId,
		EnsureRoot<AccountId>,
		pallet_collective::EnsureProportionAtLeast<_2, _3, AccountId, CouncilCollective>,
	>;
	type WeightInfo = weights::pallet_election_provider_multi_phase::WeightInfo<Runtime>;
}

fn era_payout(
	total_staked: Balance,
	non_gilt_issuance: Balance,
	max_annual_inflation: Perquintill,
	period_fraction: Perquintill,
	auctioned_slots: u64,
) -> (Balance, Balance) {
	use sp_arithmetic::traits::Saturating;
	use pallet_staking_reward_fn::compute_inflation;

	let min_annual_inflation = Perquintill::from_rational(25u64, 1000u64);
	let delta_annual_inflation = max_annual_inflation.saturating_sub(min_annual_inflation);

	// 30% reserved for up to 60 slots.
	let auction_proportion = Perquintill::from_rational(auctioned_slots.min(60), 200u64);

	// Therefore the ideal amount at stake (as a percentage of total issuance) is 75% less the amount that we expect
	// to be taken up with auctions.
	let ideal_stake = Perquintill::from_percent(75)
		.saturating_sub(auction_proportion);

	let stake = Perquintill::from_rational(total_staked, non_gilt_issuance);
	let falloff = Perquintill::from_percent(5);
	let adjustment = compute_inflation(stake, ideal_stake, falloff);
	let staking_inflation = min_annual_inflation.saturating_add(delta_annual_inflation * adjustment);

	let max_payout = period_fraction * max_annual_inflation * non_gilt_issuance;
	let staking_payout = (period_fraction * staking_inflation) * non_gilt_issuance;
	let rest = max_payout.saturating_sub(staking_payout);

	let other_issuance = non_gilt_issuance.saturating_sub(total_staked);
	if total_staked > other_issuance {
		let _cap_rest = Perquintill::from_rational(other_issuance, total_staked) * staking_payout;
		// We don't do anything with this, but if we wanted to, we could introduce a cap on the treasury amount
		// with: `rest = rest.min(cap_rest);`
	}
	(staking_payout, rest)
}

pub struct EraPayout;
impl pallet_staking::EraPayout<Balance> for EraPayout {
	fn era_payout(
		total_staked: Balance,
		_total_issuance: Balance,
		era_duration_millis: u64,
	) -> (Balance, Balance) {
		// TODO: #3011 Update with proper auctioned slots tracking.
		// This should be fine for the first year of parachains.
		let auctioned_slots: u64 = auctions::Pallet::<Runtime>::auction_counter().into();
		const MAX_ANNUAL_INFLATION: Perquintill = Perquintill::from_percent(10);
		const MILLISECONDS_PER_YEAR: u64 = 1000 * 3600 * 24 * 36525 / 100;

		era_payout(
			total_staked,
			Gilt::issuance().non_gilt,
			MAX_ANNUAL_INFLATION,
			Perquintill::from_rational(era_duration_millis, MILLISECONDS_PER_YEAR),
			auctioned_slots,
		)
	}
}

parameter_types! {
	// Six sessions in an era (6 hours).
	pub const SessionsPerEra: SessionIndex = 6;
	// 28 eras for unbonding (7 days).
	pub const BondingDuration: pallet_staking::EraIndex = 28;
	// 27 eras in which slashes can be cancelled (slightly less than 7 days).
	pub const SlashDeferDuration: pallet_staking::EraIndex = 27;
	pub const MaxNominatorRewardedPerValidator: u32 = 256;
}

type SlashCancelOrigin = EnsureOneOf<
	AccountId,
	EnsureRoot<AccountId>,
	pallet_collective::EnsureProportionAtLeast<_1, _2, AccountId, CouncilCollective>
>;

impl pallet_staking::Config for Runtime {
	const MAX_NOMINATIONS: u32 = <NposCompactSolution24 as sp_npos_elections::CompactSolution>::LIMIT as u32;
	type Currency = Balances;
	type UnixTime = Timestamp;
	type CurrencyToVote = CurrencyToVote;
	type ElectionProvider = ElectionProviderMultiPhase;
	type GenesisElectionProvider =
		frame_election_provider_support::onchain::OnChainSequentialPhragmen<
			pallet_election_provider_multi_phase::OnChainConfig<Self>
		>;
	type RewardRemainder = Treasury;
	type Event = Event;
	type Slash = Treasury;
	type Reward = ();
	type SessionsPerEra = SessionsPerEra;
	type BondingDuration = BondingDuration;
	type SlashDeferDuration = SlashDeferDuration;
	// A majority of the council or root can cancel the slash.
	type SlashCancelOrigin = SlashCancelOrigin;
	type SessionInterface = Self;
	type EraPayout = EraPayout;
	type NextNewSession = Session;
	type MaxNominatorRewardedPerValidator = MaxNominatorRewardedPerValidator;
	type WeightInfo = weights::pallet_staking::WeightInfo<Runtime>;
}

parameter_types! {
	pub const LaunchPeriod: BlockNumber = 7 * DAYS;
	pub const VotingPeriod: BlockNumber = 7 * DAYS;
	pub const FastTrackVotingPeriod: BlockNumber = 3 * HOURS;
	pub const MinimumDeposit: Balance = 100 * CENTS;
	pub const EnactmentPeriod: BlockNumber = 8 * DAYS;
	pub const CooloffPeriod: BlockNumber = 7 * DAYS;
	// One cent: $10,000 / MB
	pub const PreimageByteDeposit: Balance = 10 * MILLICENTS;
	pub const InstantAllowed: bool = true;
	pub const MaxVotes: u32 = 100;
	pub const MaxProposals: u32 = 100;
}

impl pallet_democracy::Config for Runtime {
	type Proposal = Call;
	type Event = Event;
	type Currency = Balances;
	type EnactmentPeriod = EnactmentPeriod;
	type LaunchPeriod = LaunchPeriod;
	type VotingPeriod = VotingPeriod;
	type MinimumDeposit = MinimumDeposit;
	/// A straight majority of the council can decide what their next motion is.
	type ExternalOrigin = pallet_collective::EnsureProportionAtLeast<_1, _2, AccountId, CouncilCollective>;
	/// A majority can have the next scheduled referendum be a straight majority-carries vote.
	type ExternalMajorityOrigin = pallet_collective::EnsureProportionAtLeast<_1, _2, AccountId, CouncilCollective>;
	/// A unanimous council can have the next scheduled referendum be a straight default-carries
	/// (NTB) vote.
	type ExternalDefaultOrigin = pallet_collective::EnsureProportionAtLeast<_1, _1, AccountId, CouncilCollective>;
	/// Two thirds of the technical committee can have an ExternalMajority/ExternalDefault vote
	/// be tabled immediately and with a shorter voting/enactment period.
	type FastTrackOrigin = pallet_collective::EnsureProportionAtLeast<_2, _3, AccountId, TechnicalCollective>;
	type InstantOrigin = pallet_collective::EnsureProportionAtLeast<_1, _1, AccountId, TechnicalCollective>;
	type InstantAllowed = InstantAllowed;
	type FastTrackVotingPeriod = FastTrackVotingPeriod;
	// To cancel a proposal which has been passed, 2/3 of the council must agree to it.
	type CancellationOrigin = EnsureOneOf<
		AccountId,
		EnsureRoot<AccountId>,
		pallet_collective::EnsureProportionAtLeast<_2, _3, AccountId, CouncilCollective>,
	>;
	type BlacklistOrigin = EnsureRoot<AccountId>;
	// To cancel a proposal before it has been passed, the technical committee must be unanimous or
	// Root must agree.
	type CancelProposalOrigin = EnsureOneOf<
		AccountId,
		EnsureRoot<AccountId>,
		pallet_collective::EnsureProportionAtLeast<_1, _1, AccountId, TechnicalCollective>,
	>;
	// Any single technical committee member may veto a coming council proposal, however they can
	// only do it once and it lasts only for the cooloff period.
	type VetoOrigin = pallet_collective::EnsureMember<AccountId, TechnicalCollective>;
	type CooloffPeriod = CooloffPeriod;
	type PreimageByteDeposit = PreimageByteDeposit;
	type OperationalPreimageOrigin = pallet_collective::EnsureMember<AccountId, CouncilCollective>;
	type Slash = Treasury;
	type Scheduler = Scheduler;
	type PalletsOrigin = OriginCaller;
	type MaxVotes = MaxVotes;
	type WeightInfo = weights::pallet_democracy::WeightInfo<Runtime>;
	type MaxProposals = MaxProposals;
}

parameter_types! {
	pub const CouncilMotionDuration: BlockNumber = 3 * DAYS;
	pub const CouncilMaxProposals: u32 = 100;
	pub const CouncilMaxMembers: u32 = 100;
}

type CouncilCollective = pallet_collective::Instance1;
impl pallet_collective::Config<CouncilCollective> for Runtime {
	type Origin = Origin;
	type Proposal = Call;
	type Event = Event;
	type MotionDuration = CouncilMotionDuration;
	type MaxProposals = CouncilMaxProposals;
	type MaxMembers = CouncilMaxMembers;
	type DefaultVote = pallet_collective::PrimeDefaultVote;
	type WeightInfo = weights::pallet_collective::WeightInfo<Runtime>;
}

parameter_types! {
	pub const CandidacyBond: Balance = 100 * CENTS;
	// 1 storage item created, key size is 32 bytes, value size is 16+16.
	pub const VotingBondBase: Balance = deposit(1, 64);
	// additional data per vote is 32 bytes (account id).
	pub const VotingBondFactor: Balance = deposit(0, 32);
	/// Daily council elections
	pub const TermDuration: BlockNumber = 24 * HOURS;
	pub const DesiredMembers: u32 = 19;
	pub const DesiredRunnersUp: u32 = 19;
	pub const PhragmenElectionPalletId: LockIdentifier = *b"phrelect";
}

// Make sure that there are no more than MaxMembers members elected via phragmen.
const_assert!(DesiredMembers::get() <= CouncilMaxMembers::get());

impl pallet_elections_phragmen::Config for Runtime {
	type Event = Event;
	type Currency = Balances;
	type ChangeMembers = Council;
	type InitializeMembers = Council;
	type CurrencyToVote = frame_support::traits::U128CurrencyToVote;
	type CandidacyBond = CandidacyBond;
	type VotingBondBase = VotingBondBase;
	type VotingBondFactor = VotingBondFactor;
	type LoserCandidate = Treasury;
	type KickedMember = Treasury;
	type DesiredMembers = DesiredMembers;
	type DesiredRunnersUp = DesiredRunnersUp;
	type TermDuration = TermDuration;
	type PalletId = PhragmenElectionPalletId;
	type WeightInfo = weights::pallet_elections_phragmen::WeightInfo<Runtime>;
}

parameter_types! {
	pub const TechnicalMotionDuration: BlockNumber = 3 * DAYS;
	pub const TechnicalMaxProposals: u32 = 100;
	pub const TechnicalMaxMembers: u32 = 100;
}

type TechnicalCollective = pallet_collective::Instance2;
impl pallet_collective::Config<TechnicalCollective> for Runtime {
	type Origin = Origin;
	type Proposal = Call;
	type Event = Event;
	type MotionDuration = TechnicalMotionDuration;
	type MaxProposals = TechnicalMaxProposals;
	type MaxMembers = TechnicalMaxMembers;
	type DefaultVote = pallet_collective::PrimeDefaultVote;
	type WeightInfo = weights::pallet_collective::WeightInfo<Runtime>;
}

impl pallet_membership::Config<pallet_membership::Instance1> for Runtime {
	type Event = Event;
	type AddOrigin = MoreThanHalfCouncil;
	type RemoveOrigin = MoreThanHalfCouncil;
	type SwapOrigin = MoreThanHalfCouncil;
	type ResetOrigin = MoreThanHalfCouncil;
	type PrimeOrigin = MoreThanHalfCouncil;
	type MembershipInitialized = TechnicalCommittee;
	type MembershipChanged = TechnicalCommittee;
	type MaxMembers = TechnicalMaxMembers;
	type WeightInfo = weights::pallet_membership::WeightInfo<Runtime>;
}

parameter_types! {
	pub const ProposalBond: Permill = Permill::from_percent(5);
	pub const ProposalBondMinimum: Balance = 2000 * CENTS;
	pub const SpendPeriod: BlockNumber = 6 * DAYS;
	pub const Burn: Permill = Permill::from_perthousand(2);
	pub const TreasuryPalletId: PalletId = PalletId(*b"py/trsry");

	pub const TipCountdown: BlockNumber = 1 * DAYS;
	pub const TipFindersFee: Percent = Percent::from_percent(20);
	pub const TipReportDepositBase: Balance = 100 * CENTS;
	pub const DataDepositPerByte: Balance = 1 * CENTS;
	pub const BountyDepositBase: Balance = 100 * CENTS;
	pub const BountyDepositPayoutDelay: BlockNumber = 4 * DAYS;
	pub const BountyUpdatePeriod: BlockNumber = 90 * DAYS;
	pub const MaximumReasonLength: u32 = 16384;
	pub const BountyCuratorDeposit: Permill = Permill::from_percent(50);
	pub const BountyValueMinimum: Balance = 200 * CENTS;
	pub const MaxApprovals: u32 = 100;
}

type ApproveOrigin = EnsureOneOf<
	AccountId,
	EnsureRoot<AccountId>,
	pallet_collective::EnsureProportionAtLeast<_3, _5, AccountId, CouncilCollective>
>;

impl pallet_treasury::Config for Runtime {
	type PalletId = TreasuryPalletId;
	type Currency = Balances;
	type ApproveOrigin = ApproveOrigin;
	type RejectOrigin = MoreThanHalfCouncil;
	type Event = Event;
	type OnSlash = Treasury;
	type ProposalBond = ProposalBond;
	type ProposalBondMinimum = ProposalBondMinimum;
	type SpendPeriod = SpendPeriod;
	type Burn = Burn;
	type BurnDestination = Society;
	type MaxApprovals = MaxApprovals;
	type WeightInfo = weights::pallet_treasury::WeightInfo<Runtime>;
	type SpendFunds = Bounties;
}

impl pallet_bounties::Config for Runtime {
	type BountyDepositBase = BountyDepositBase;
	type BountyDepositPayoutDelay = BountyDepositPayoutDelay;
	type BountyUpdatePeriod = BountyUpdatePeriod;
	type BountyCuratorDeposit = BountyCuratorDeposit;
	type BountyValueMinimum = BountyValueMinimum;
	type DataDepositPerByte = DataDepositPerByte;
	type Event = Event;
	type MaximumReasonLength = MaximumReasonLength;
	type WeightInfo = weights::pallet_bounties::WeightInfo<Runtime>;
}

impl pallet_tips::Config for Runtime {
	type MaximumReasonLength = MaximumReasonLength;
	type DataDepositPerByte = DataDepositPerByte;
	type Tippers = PhragmenElection;
	type TipCountdown = TipCountdown;
	type TipFindersFee = TipFindersFee;
	type TipReportDepositBase = TipReportDepositBase;
	type Event = Event;
	type WeightInfo = weights::pallet_tips::WeightInfo<Runtime>;
}

impl pallet_offences::Config for Runtime {
	type Event = Event;
	type IdentificationTuple = pallet_session::historical::IdentificationTuple<Self>;
	type OnOffenceHandler = Staking;
}

impl pallet_authority_discovery::Config for Runtime {}

parameter_types! {
	pub NposSolutionPriority: TransactionPriority =
		Perbill::from_percent(90) * TransactionPriority::max_value();
	pub const ImOnlineUnsignedPriority: TransactionPriority = TransactionPriority::max_value();
}

impl pallet_im_online::Config for Runtime {
	type AuthorityId = ImOnlineId;
	type Event = Event;
	type ValidatorSet = Historical;
	type NextSessionRotation = Babe;
	type ReportUnresponsiveness = Offences;
	type UnsignedPriority = ImOnlineUnsignedPriority;
	type WeightInfo = weights::pallet_im_online::WeightInfo<Runtime>;
}

impl pallet_grandpa::Config for Runtime {
	type Event = Event;
	type Call = Call;

	type KeyOwnerProof =
		<Self::KeyOwnerProofSystem as KeyOwnerProofSystem<(KeyTypeId, GrandpaId)>>::Proof;

	type KeyOwnerIdentification = <Self::KeyOwnerProofSystem as KeyOwnerProofSystem<(
		KeyTypeId,
		GrandpaId,
	)>>::IdentificationTuple;

	type KeyOwnerProofSystem = Historical;

	type HandleEquivocation =
		pallet_grandpa::EquivocationHandler<Self::KeyOwnerIdentification, Offences, ReportLongevity>;

	type WeightInfo = ();
}

/// Submits transaction with the node's public and signature type. Adheres to the signed extension
/// format of the chain.
impl<LocalCall> frame_system::offchain::CreateSignedTransaction<LocalCall> for Runtime where
	Call: From<LocalCall>,
{
	fn create_transaction<C: frame_system::offchain::AppCrypto<Self::Public, Self::Signature>>(
		call: Call,
		public: <Signature as Verify>::Signer,
		account: AccountId,
		nonce: <Runtime as frame_system::Config>::Index,
	) -> Option<(Call, <UncheckedExtrinsic as ExtrinsicT>::SignaturePayload)> {
		use sp_runtime::traits::StaticLookup;
		// take the biggest period possible.
		let period = BlockHashCount::get()
			.checked_next_power_of_two()
			.map(|c| c / 2)
			.unwrap_or(2) as u64;

		let current_block = System::block_number()
			.saturated_into::<u64>()
			// The `System::block_number` is initialized with `n+1`,
			// so the actual block number is `n`.
			.saturating_sub(1);
		let tip = 0;
		let extra: SignedExtra = (