# Cumulus ☁️ [](https://paritytech.github.io/cumulus/) This repository contains both the Cumulus SDK and also specific chains implemented on top of this SDK. If you only want to run a **Polkadot Parachain Node**, check out our [container section](../docs/contributor/container.md). ## Cumulus SDK A set of tools for writing [Substrate](https://substrate.io/)-based [Polkadot](https://wiki.polkadot.network/en/) [parachains](https://wiki.polkadot.network/docs/en/learn-parachains). Refer to the included [overview](docs/overview.md) for architectural details, and the [Connect to a relay chain how-to guide](https://docs.substrate.io/reference/how-to-guides/parachains/connect-to-a-relay-chain/) for a guided walk-through of using these tools. It's easy to write blockchains using Substrate, and the overhead of writing parachains' distribution, p2p, database, and synchronization layers should be just as low. This project aims to make it easy to write parachains for Polkadot by leveraging the power of Substrate. Cumulus clouds are shaped sort of like dots; together they form a system that is intricate, beautiful and functional. ### Consensus [`parachain-consensus`](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/blob/master/cumulus/client/consensus/common/src/parachain_consensus.rs) is a [consensus engine](https://docs.substrate.io/v3/advanced/consensus) for Substrate that follows a Polkadot [relay chain](https://wiki.polkadot.network/docs/en/learn-architecture#relay-chain). This will run a Polkadot node internally, and dictate to the client and synchronization algorithms which chain to follow, [finalize](https://wiki.polkadot.network/docs/en/learn-consensus#probabilistic-vs-provable-finality), and treat as best. ### Collator A Polkadot [collator](https://wiki.polkadot.network/docs/en/learn-collator) for the parachain is implemented by the `polkadot-parachain` binary (previously called `polkadot-collator`). You may run `polkadot-parachain` locally after building it or using one of the container option described [here](../docs/contributor/container.md). ### Relay Chain Interaction To operate a parachain node, a connection to the corresponding relay chain is necessary. This can be achieved in one of three ways: 1. Run a full relay chain node within the parachain node (default) 2. Connect to an external relay chain node via WebSocket RPC 3. Run a light client for the relay chain #### In-process Relay Chain Node If an external relay chain node is not specified (default behavior), then a full relay chain node is spawned within the same process. This node has all of the typical components of a regular Polkadot node and will have to fully sync with the relay chain to work. ##### Example command ```bash polkadot-parachain \ --chain parachain-chainspec.json \ --tmp \ -- \ --chain relaychain-chainspec.json ``` #### External Relay Chain Node An external relay chain node is connected via WebSocket RPC by using the `--relay-chain-rpc-urls` command line argument. This option accepts one or more space-separated WebSocket URLs to a full relay chain node. By default, only the first URL will be used, with the rest as a backup in case the connection to the first node is lost. Parachain nodes using this feature won't have to fully sync with the relay chain to work, so in general they will use fewer system resources. **Note:** At this time, any parachain nodes using this feature will still spawn a significantly cut-down relay chain node in-process. Even though they lack the majority of normal Polkadot subsystems, they will still need to connect directly to the relay chain network. ##### Example command ```bash polkadot-parachain \ --chain parachain-chainspec.json \ --tmp \ --relay-chain-rpc-urls \ "ws://relaychain-rpc-endpoint:9944" \ "ws://relaychain-rpc-endpoint-backup:9944" \ -- \ --chain relaychain-chainspec.json ``` #### Relay Chain Light Client An internal relay chain light client provides a fast and lightweight approach for connecting to the relay chain network. It provides relay chain notifications and facilitates runtime calls. To specify which chain the light client should connect to, users need to supply a relay chain chain-spec as part of the relay chain arguments. **Note:** At this time, any parachain nodes using this feature will still spawn a significantly cut-down relay chain node in-process. Even though they lack the majority of normal Polkadot subsystems, they will still need to connect directly to the relay chain network. ##### Example command ```bash polkadot-parachain \ --chain parachain-chainspec.json \ --tmp \ --relay-chain-light-client \ -- \ --chain relaychain-chainspec.json ``` ## Installation and Setup Before building Cumulus SDK based nodes / runtimes prepare your environment by following Substrate [installation instructions](https://docs.substrate.io/main-docs/install/). To launch a local network, you can use [zombienet](https://github.com/paritytech/zombienet) for quick setup and experimentation or follow the [manual setup](#manual-setup). ### Zombienet We use Zombienet to spin up networks for integration tests and local networks. Follow [these installation steps](https://github.com/paritytech/zombienet#requirements-by-provider) to set it up on your machine. A simple network specification with two relay chain nodes and one collator is located at [zombienet/examples/small_network.toml](zombienet/examples/small_network.toml). #### Which provider should I use? Zombienet offers multiple providers to run networks. Choose the one that best fits your needs: - **Podman:** Choose this if you want to spin up a network quick and easy. - **Native:** Choose this if you want to develop and deploy your changes. Requires compilation of the binaries. - **Kubernetes:** Choose this for advanced use-cases or running on cloud-infrastructure. #### How to run To run the example network, use the following commands: ```bash # Podman provider zombienet --provider podman spawn ./zombienet/examples/small_network.toml # Native provider, assumes polkadot and polkadot-parachains binary in $PATH zombienet --provider native spawn ./zombienet/examples/small_network.toml ``` ### Manual Setup #### Launch the Relay Chain ```bash # Clone git clone https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk # Compile Polkadot's required binaries cargo build --release -p polkadot # Generate a raw chain spec ./target/release/polkadot build-spec --chain rococo-local --disable-default-bootnode --raw > rococo-local-cfde.json # Alice ./target/release/polkadot --chain rococo-local-cfde.json --alice --tmp # Bob (In a separate terminal) ./target/release/polkadot --chain rococo-local-cfde.json --bob --tmp --port 30334 ``` #### Launch the Parachain ```bash # Compile cargo build --release -p polkadot-parachain-bin # Export genesis state ./target/release/polkadot-parachain export-genesis-state > genesis-state # Export genesis wasm ./target/release/polkadot-parachain export-genesis-wasm > genesis-wasm # Collator1 ./target/release/polkadot-parachain --collator --alice --force-authoring \ --tmp --port 40335 --rpc-port 9946 -- --chain rococo-local-cfde.json --port 30335 # Collator2 ./target/release/polkadot-parachain --collator --bob --force-authoring \ --tmp --port 40336 --rpc-port 9947 -- --chain rococo-local-cfde.json --port 30336 # Parachain Full Node 1 ./target/release/polkadot-parachain --tmp --port 40337 --rpc-port 9948 -- \ --chain rococo-local-cfde.json --port 30337 ``` #### Register the parachain  ## Asset Hub 🪙 This repository also contains the Asset Hub runtimes. Asset Hub is a system parachain providing an asset store for the Polkadot ecosystem. ### Build & Launch a Node To run an Asset Hub node, you will need to compile the `polkadot-parachain` binary: ```bash cargo build --release --locked --bin polkadot-parachain ``` Once the executable is built, launch the parachain node via: ```bash CHAIN=asset-hub-westend # or asset-hub-kusama ./target/release/polkadot-parachain --chain $CHAIN ``` Refer to the [setup instructions](#manual-setup) to run a local network for development. ## Contracts 📝 See [the `contracts-rococo` readme](parachains/runtimes/contracts/contracts-rococo/README.md) for details. ## Bridge-hub 📝 See [the `bridge-hubs` readme](parachains/runtimes/bridge-hubs/README.md) for details. ## Rococo 👑 [Rococo](https://polkadot.js.org/apps/?rpc=wss://rococo-rpc.polkadot.io) is becoming a [Community Parachain Testbed](https://polkadot.network/blog/rococo-revamp-becoming-a-community-parachain-testbed/) for parachain teams in the Polkadot ecosystem. It supports multiple parachains with the differentiation of long-term connections and recurring short-term connections, to see which parachains are currently connected and how long they will be connected for [see here](https://polkadot.js.org/apps/?rpc=wss%3A%2F%2Frococo-rpc.polkadot.io#/parachains). Rococo is an elaborate style of design and the name describes the painstaking effort that has gone into this project. ### Build & Launch Rococo Collators Collators are similar to validators in the relay chain. These nodes build the blocks that will eventually be included by the relay chain for a parachain. To run a Rococo collator you will need to compile the following binary: ```bash cargo build --release --locked --bin polkadot-parachain ``` Once the executable is built, launch collators for each parachain (repeat once each for chain `tick`, `trick`, `track`): ```bash ./target/release/polkadot-parachain --chain $CHAIN --validator ``` You can also build [using a container](./docs/contributor/container.md). ### Parachains - [Asset Hub](https://polkadot.js.org/apps/?rpc=wss%3A%2F%2Frococo-statemint-rpc.polkadot.io#/explorer) - [Contracts on Rococo](https://polkadot.js.org/apps/?rpc=wss%3A%2F%2Frococo-contracts-rpc.polkadot.io#/explorer) - [RILT](https://polkadot.js.org/apps/?rpc=wss%3A%2F%2Frococo.kilt.io#/explorer) The network uses horizontal message passing (HRMP) to enable communication between parachains and the relay chain and, in turn, between parachains. This means that every message is sent to the relay chain, and from the relay chain to its destination parachain.